Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The vasculature of a poorly immunogenic, highly metastatic transplantable fibrosarcoma (T-241) maintained in the femoral muscle of C57BL/6J mice was perfused. This permitted collection of tumor cells which had invaded into the tumor vascular channels (ie, metastasizing tumor cells). Also collected as a separate population were tumor cells from the primary tumor mass. Immunization was carried out with these cell populations in conjunction with BCG and the effect on the growth of primary tumor and metastatic rate was evaluated following rechallenge with unfractionated tumor cells. The rate of tumor growth at the primary site was not affected by any of the immunization schedules. However, immunization with venous effluent cells (metastasizing tumor cells) and BCG was two times more effective in reducing the number of pulmonary metastases than immunization using tumor cells isolated from the primary tumor mass. Passively transferred spleen cells from donors immunized with the cell populations listed above had exactly the same effect, that is, no effect on the growth of the primary tumor, but a dramatic reduction in the metastatic rate when effluent tumor cells were used to immunize cell donors. The data point to an antigenic heterogeneity with this particular transplantable tumor.
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PMID:Reduction of metastatic rate by immunotherapy: a comparison of the immunogenic properties of metastasizing tumor cells versus tumor cells in the primary mass. 43 Oct 84

Single, large doses of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have been compared to the same amount of drug given in divided doses daily over a 3 or 5 day period in a solid tumor model which metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes and lungs. No significant increase in life expectancy occurred following adriamycin or cyclophosphamide. However, a significant reduction in life expectancy occurred after 5 fractionated doses of 5-FU but not after the large single dose. The increase in mortality following fractionated doses of 5-FU is attributed to the prolongation of the onset of recovery of bone marrow. Tumor volume reduction following a single dose of each agent was equal to or greater than the fractionated doses. The results of these studies on this chemotherapeutically resistant solid tumor indicate that small daily fractionated doses of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide or 5-FU result in increased morbidity and mortality without therapeutic benefit in tumor control. The time sequence of recovery of the limiting organ of the host (i.e., bone marrow) is similar to the time sequence of recovery of the tumor. Large intermittent single doses of chemotherapeutic agents given following recovery of the host from a previous treatment would be expected to be less toxic to the host and equally effective in control of tumor growth. None of the 3 chemotherapeutic agents was successful in tumor eradication. Previous studies of this series have shown that the utilization of sequential chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy can be successfully used for eradication of another solid tumor which did not metastasize. A similar therapeutic strategy using sequential combined modality therapy should also be effective in the control of the primary H-4-II-E tumor as well as its metastatic dissemination. Information gained from these experimental studies should eventually provide information which should be helpful in the clinical management of chemotherapeutically resistant solid tumors in man.
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PMID:Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities: VIII. The scheduling of treatment for a chemotherapeutically resistant experimental solid tumor. 44 23

After subcutaneous inoculation into nude mice of 24 human colon adenocarcinomas, growth, defined as histopathologically confirmed tumor growth which has been passed, was observed in 13 cases (54%). Tumors from metastatic sites showed higher take rates (58%) than tumors from primary sites or recurrent tumors (50%). Nine continuous tumor lines were established (69% of growing tumors) with metastatic tumors establishing more readily (100% of growing tumors) than primary tumors (40%). The average period in primary transplant was shorter for metastasis (8.3 weeks), than for primary tumors (18.5 weeks); total material 10.6 weeks. Average periods between passages were shorter than primary transplant times; these periods were shorter for metastases (6.6 weeks) than for primary tumors (9.4 weeks); total material 7.4 weeks. Of four growing tumors not established as continuous lines, three were primary and one a recurrent tumor, and the loss of tumor growth occurred in very early passages, not later than passage 3. All nude mouse-grown colon tumors were moderately well differentiated.
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PMID:Establishment of human colon carcinoma lines in nude mice. 44 38

We studied the effect of thyroxine treatment on tumor growth and metastases resulting from tumor implants on the hind feet of mice in two syngeneic systems. In control, untreated A/Jax mice, tumor Sarcoma 1 at Day 14 after implantation had average tumor weight of 582 +/- 60 (S.D.) mg and showed an incidence of 57% metastases to regional popliteal nodes and 5% metastases to thymus. In contrast, the thyroxine-treated group (40 microgram/mouse s.c., 5 times/week for 1 month) had an average tumor weight of 808 +/- 56 mg (p less than 0.001), and metastases to popliteal nodes and thymus were 90 and 35%, respectively. In another syngeneic tumor system, Lewis fibrosarcoma was implanted in C57BL/6J mice, and the tumor weight and metastatic index (derived from the number and size of the pulmonary tumor foci) were determined at Day 28. Again, the synthetic L-thyroxine treated group showed a significant enhancement tumor growth and metastatic index. The mean tumor weight in the treated group was 385 +/- 26 mg (control, 694 +/- 25 mg; p less than 0.005) and metastatic index was 84 +/- 29 (control, 30 +/- 25; p less than 0.001). Induced hypothyroidism (treatment with 131I, 100 microCi/mouse i.p.) showed the reverse effect on both tumor systems. These results suggest that both tumor systems are dependent on thyroid hormones for their growth and spread.
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PMID:Enhancing effect of thyroxine on tumor growth and metastases in syngeneic mouse tumor systems. 47 77

From 1964 to 1976 a number of 131 patients, suffering from melanoma of the choroid have been treated with 106Ru/106Rh beta-ray applicators. In 81 cases (61.8%) this treatment has been successful. 26 eyes (19.9%) had to be enucleated in spite of the irradiation. 24 patients (18.3%) died, 13 of them of metastases. Only in 46 patients, out of 81, we have reached total destruction of the tumor with flat chorioatrophic scar. In 27 cases visual acuity of 1.5 to 0.5 could be preserved. Radiogenic late complications in the capillary system with disturbances of the retinal blood circulation were the cause of visual deterioration. The 107 surviving patients were controlled during a period of 6.5 years in the average. Survival rate 91.2% after 5 and 84% after 10 years. Another group of 214 patients with melanoma of the choroid, who had been treated from 1955 to 1970 by enucleation reached a survival rate of 72% after 5 years. Treatment with 106Rh beta-irradiation therefore leads to no increased danger of metastases. The following indications for this treatment are suggested: 1. Prominence of the tumor not exceeding 5 mm, largest diameter at its base not more than 15 mm. 2. Distance of the dorsal edge of the tumor at least 1-2 optic disc diameters from the nerve head. 3. Peripheral delimitation against the ciliary body. 4. No tumor growth outside the eye.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy of intraocular tumours, particularly of melanoma of the choroid (author's transl)]. 48 Aug 51

By routine histological staining technics and histochemical assays under an appropriate enzymic control the author has studied changes in the basement membranes of the uterine cervix in its precancer and cancer as compared with the normal state. Changes in the basement membranes, revealed morphologically, reflect objectively the status of the epithelium and stroma during the period of tumor origination and growth, and therefore these may serve as a valuable adjunct to the differential microscopic diagnosis of dysplasia, preinvasive cancer and an incipient invasive growth. It is believed that basement membrane neoplasms may develop around mostly differentiated complexes of cancer cells in far-advanced neoplasms and their metastases; this fact is regarded as a tendency to normalization of the relationship between the cancerous tumor parenchyma and stroma with correlations between them being remined even under extremely unfavourable conditions of the tumor growth.
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PMID:[Basement membranes in precancerous conditions and neoplasms of the uterine cervix]. 48 15

Histologic findings and clinical data of 411 patients with malignant melanomas treated in 1952 up to june 1977 reveal an improvement of diagnostic accuracy. Within the last years, fewer patients were referred to the clinic with extensive tumor growth or with metastases. A change from the levels of invasion V and IV to III is evident. Further improvement to level II and I with a corresponding smaller tumor thickness is appearing in outlines.
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PMID:[Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis in malignant melanomas]. 52 78

The incidence of metastasis of xenogeneic tumors transplanted to nude mice is controversial. We studied 106 malignant human tumor lines in a total of 1,045 nude mice, and observed metastasis in only 14 instances (1.3%), involving 11 different tumor lines. Three of the lines showed repeated metastasis. Breast tumor lines metastasized with significantly greater frequency than other tumor types. None of the sarcoma lines metastasized. Tumors derived from human metastases were no more prone to metastasizing in nude mice than were tumors derived from primary sites. However, deep penetration of the body wall during growth of the tumor transplant was highly correlated with metastasis (p less than 0.001). Such factors as nude mouse health, tumor size and growth rate, and age and sex of the host mouse were not correlated with metastasis. Serial passage in nude mice did not select for a more malignant tumor line, since the incidence of metastasis did not differ at various passage levels. Thus, metastasis of human malignant tumors in nude mice would appear to depend primarily upon the site of tumor growth in the nude mouse, and upon the intrinsic metastasizing capability of the tumor line employed.
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PMID:Metastasis of human tumors in athymic nude mice. 54 28

Thirty-one patients with locally extensive and metastatic renal cell carcinoma were observed over an eight year period. At onset of the disease, symptoms due to metastatic deposits were the most frequent mode of presentation, followed by manifestation of local tumor growth (hematuria, flank pain or palpable mass) and paraneoplastic syndromes. Hormonal therapy with testosterone propionate, a progestational agent or both was assessed in 21 cases. Five instances of tumor regression, two involving recalcification of lytic osseous metastases, were documented. Endocrine studies to elucidate possible mechanisms of hormonal effectiveness were carried out in seven cases. Median survival from diagnosis was ten months. Following the rapid early mortality, a very gradual decrease in survival occurred, with 25% alive at ten years. Factors influencing survival include the duration of the interval between diagnosis of the primary tumor and appearance of metastases and the association of certain paraneoplastic syndromes.
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma: analysis of 31 cases with assessment of endocrine therapy. 61 Apr 16

Effects of pretreatment with BCG, strain Japan, on tumor growth were studied using a transplatable methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma in C3H/He mice. Injection of BCG7 weeks before tumor inoculation at a site distant from the tumor caused a slight inhibition of tumor growth. A low dose of tumor cells did not grow at the BCG-primed site when BCG was injected 7 and 11 weeks before the tumor. When a high dose was inoculated into the BCG-primed site, inhibition of the primary tumor occurred in mice which had received BCG 7 weeks previously, but the number of distant metastases in the popliteal lymph node and the lungs was increased in mice pretreated with BCG at any time. Furthermore, post treatment with BCG at a site distant from the tumor caused promotion of tumor growth. Enhanced antibody formation and suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) occurred in tumor-bearing mice. BCG treatment of such mice caused a vigorously enhanced antibody formation and a marked suppression of DTH. The sera from tumor-bearing mice enhanced tumor growth. Tumor growth was suppressed in splenectomized mice. These findings suggested that antibodies against tumor-specific antigens enhanced tumor growth in this system and that BCG treatment of tumor-bearing mice stimulated formation of antibodies probably acting as blocking factors.
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PMID:Inhibition and promotion of tumor growth by BCG: evidence for stimulation of humoral enhancing factors by BCG. 62


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