Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Distant metastases of ENT tumors are rare; when analysing 1.666 patients, we found them in 6.5%. They started especially from tumors of the hypopharynx (19.7%), oral cavity (7.6%), oropharynx (5.6%) and larynx (3.2%). 9 metastases were diagnosed, before therapy started, all the others appeared late, even later than 5 years after therapy in some cases of carcinoma of the larynx. The metastases were situated in the lung (71 cases), the skeleton (45 cases), the pleura (11 cases) and the liver (8 cases), but in rare instances in almost every organon. The main examinations for staging are therefore: the radiograph of the chest, the sonography of the abdomen and the scintigraphy of the skeleton. These examinations may be completed, if necessary, by the CT-scan. A patient with distant metastases never could be healed.
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PMID:[Distant metastases of epitheliomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts]. 213 Apr

During 1979-1987 269 patients with laryngeal cancer stage I-II were included into a cooperative randomized study: 111 patients had T1 and 158 patients, T2 tumor; 13% of patients showed cancer of the vestibular cord and 87% of them of the true vocal cord. 76 patients underwent surgery, 129 patients--radiotherapy, and 64 patients received combined treatment, i.e. radio- and chemotherapy (prospidine). The rate of relapses and regional metastases was 11.8 +/- 3.7% and 2.6 +/- 1.8% after surgery, 21.4 +/- 3.8% and 1.6 +/- 1.1% after radiotherapy, and 23.4 +/- 5.3% and 6.3 +/- 3.0% after combined treatment. In terms of the recurrence-free time surgical intervention showed the highest efficacy. With respect to the 5-year survival, measured in the above patients plus 42 patients operated on because of relapses and regional metastases, surgery of vocal cord cancer was effective in 100% in case of stage I, 97.4% in case of stage II; radiotherapy was effective in 91.7% in case of stage I, 88.8% in case of stage II, and combined treatment was effective in 100% in case of stage I and 70.3% in case of stage II; surgery of vestibular cord cancer stage II was effective in 100%, combined treatment in 88.9%, and radiotherapy in 68.6%. When vocal cord cancer involves the anterior commissure, ventricle, and space, preference should be given to surgery because relapses after radiotherapy were seen in 38-42%. Combined radio- and chemotherapy did not reduce the recurrence rate and therefore cannot be recommended for practical purposes.
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PMID:[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of radiotherapy, surgery and combined treatment of stage I-II laryngeal cancer (T1-2NoMo) based on the data of a cooperative randomized study]. 220 Jan 95

The authors report a pathological study of functional neck dissection performed on 145 N0 laryngeal carcinoma patients from 1982 to 1988. The incidence of occult latero-cervical metastases in N0 was evaluated in relation to site and extension of the primitive tumor. A total of 108 supraglottic, 25 glottic and 12 transglottic tumors were observed. Among the cases treated the incidence of occult metastases was 28.3% while capsular rupture accounted for 3.4%. Diagnostic error, calculated on the number of neck dissections, was 20.2%. A greater incidence of occult metastases was found in supraglottic tumors (29.6%) than in either glottic (24%) or transglottic (25%) tumors. Furthermore, incidence of occult metastases proved proportional to the extension of the primitive tumor. There was a single metastases in 35 cases while only 6 cases proved multiple. Some final considerations are given on the importance of performing precautionary functional neck dissection in N0 laryngeal cancer.
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PMID:[Latero-cervical metastasis of N0 laryngeal cancer]. 226 Apr 36

Neoplastic transformation has been associated with a variety of structural changes, among which are changes in membrane carbohydrates. Not much is known, though, e.g., how early in the tumourogenic event these changes take place and what effect these changes have on cell growth, invasion, and ability to metastasize. We were able to identify the B-D-Gal(1-3)DGal-NAc as a membrane carbohydrate component present in malignant laryngeal tissue, but not on adjacent normal mucous membrane. This carbohydrate structure was found to be present in metastatic as well as in nonmetastatic tumours. It was also found in well-differentiated as well as poorly differentiated carcinomas. We suggest that changes in carbohydrate components on the cell membrane of the laryngeal cancer cell are an early event in tumour progression and probably are not related to the degree of invasion or the ability to metastasize.
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PMID:A study of cell membrane structure. 231 4

In order to clarify possible alterations of membrane-, and cytoplasma-glycoconjugates of laryngeal cancer cells in metastatic process, a histochemical study was performed on laryngeal squamous carcinoma, using seven lectins conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP); PNA, UEA-I, WGA, RCA-I, DBA, SBA and MPA. The author studied 32 primary tumors and 32 corresponding metastatic tumors obtained from 32 patients and primary tumors from 8 patients without histological evidence of lymph node metastasis. None of the patients underwent irradiation or chemotherapy before operation. The specimens were provided for routine lectin histochemistry. The present study revealed some significant differences in lectin-binding as follows. Primary tumor vs. metastatic tumor: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between primary and metastatic cancer cells. 29 (90.0%) of 32 primary tumors were positive for MPA-staining. On the other hand, 21 (65.6%) of 32 metastatic tumors were positive for MPA-staining. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) difference between primary and metastatic tumors with regard to MPA-binding. Primary tumor cells tended to more bind with lectins than with metastatic tumor cells. Well-differentiated primary tumor vs. moderately differentiated primary tumor: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between these two types of tumors. Of 15 well-differentiated primary tumors, 13 (86.7%) showed SBA binding. The percentage of SBA-binding was significantly higher in well-differentiated tumor than in moderately differentiated primary tumors (50%, 8/16). Keratinization vs. non-keratinization: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between keratinized and non-keratinized tumor cells in both primary and metastatic lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lectin histochemistry of primary and metastatic tumor cells of laryngeal cancer]. 234 78

A clinical study was made of 131 patients with laryngeal cancer treated in our department during 13 years from 1975 to 1987. The mean age of patients was 64.8 years, and the male-female ratio was 20.8:1. There were 87 cases of the glottic type, 42 of the supraglottic, and 2 of the subglottic type. Cases in the early stages (stage I, II) predominated in the glottic type, whereas advanced stage tumors (stage III, IV) were predominant in the supraglottic type (chi 2-test, p less than 0.01). Hoarseness was the most frequent complaint in the patients with glottic cancer. The proportion of complaints other than hoarseness, such as sore throat, on the other hand, was significantly higher among patients with supraglottic cancer (chi 2-test, p less than 0.01). There was no significant correlation between stage and duration of complaints until visits to our department. The overall five-year survival rate was 73.8%. The five-year survivals for the glottic and supraglottic type were 84.3 and 54.3% respectively, and for stage I through stage IV were 94.6, 73.7, 58.6, and 36.4%, respectively. In patients classified as T1 or T2, the following treatment is recommended as basic policy: radiotherapy as initial treatment and, if unsuccessful, secondary salvage surgery should be performed. In patients classified as T3 or T4, however, total laryngectomy is recommended as initial treatment. Metastases to cervical lymph nodes were observed in 6 patients with glottic cancer and 14 with supraglottic cancer, and the incidence of cervical lymph node metastases was significantly higher in the supraglottic type (chi 2-test, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical study on laryngeal cancer]. 238 32

Cancers of the hypopharynx (pyriform fossa, post-cricoid area and posterior wall) and larynx show a high tendency to invade the cervical lymph nodes. Such nodal extension is a well known prognostic factor. In general, those lesions that are in well-lateralized primary sites (pyriform sinus, aryepiglottic fold...) tend to metastasize to the ipsilateral side of the neck. This concept, however, is fraught with exceptions; any lesion, especially with ipsilateral metastases, creates a risk for contralateral node involvement. The present study is based on a retrospective review of 450 clinical records of patients affected by well-lateralized laryngeal (301 pt.) and hypopharyngeal (149 pt.) carcinomas. The incidence of contralateral metastases was analyzed for this group; 25 out of 310 patients with laryngeal cancer (8.3%) and 20 out of 149 with hypopharyngeal cancer (13.4%) showed metastatic involvement of the contralateral neck. In patients with laterally oriented primary lesions, the initial appearance of cervical adenopathy is rarely contralateral since contralaterality is almost a manifestation of bilaterality of metastases. A contralateral disease is rarely possible even if the homolateral neck has been surgically treated. This is because of shunted lymph flow through the submental and submandibular lymphatics. Isolated contralateral disease was only found in 4 patients (1.3%): such data do not suggest any systematic, elective treatment of the contralateral neck NO in patients with unilateral laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.
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PMID:[Contralateral metastasis in patients with cancer of the larynx and the hypopharynx. Analysis and critical review of our caseload]. 239 20

As a result of a marked effect of the 1st stage of radiation therapy of 44 patients with stage III (T3N0M0) laryngeal cancer it was followed by therapy after a radical program up to a summary focal dose of 65-70 Gy. Continued tumor growth and recurrences were diagnosed in 19 patients, of them radical operation was performed on 12, 25 patients (57%) have been followed-up for 3 years, without signs of either recurrence or metastases with the preserved larynx. The above results suggest the effectiveness of radiation therapy in locally advanced laryngeal cancer.
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PMID:[Radiation therapy of stage III laryngeal cancer]. 260 91

A total of 4665 neck lymph nodes from 151 patients with laryngeal cancer treated with primary surgery (laryngectomy plus conservative or radical neck dissection) were examined histologically. In all, 330 lymph node metastases were found and they were classified by size, number, site in the neck, and extranodal disease. These parameters were correlated with survival rates. The present UICC classification system for N/pN is discussed critically, and a pN classification is proposed that is relevant to both histopathology and prognosis.
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PMID:[Prognosis relevant pathohistologic classification of cervical lymph node metastases (pN) of laryngeal cancer]. 260 38

Endoscopy permits visualization of the endolaryngeal spread of laryngeal tumors, yet the depth of tumor infiltration often remains unclear. The authors used high-resolution sonography in 37 patients with advanced laryngeal cancer to assess the tumors and the cervical lymph nodes. Sonographic findings were compared to operative and histologic reports. Sonography demonstrated histologically confirmed infiltration into the thyroid (n = 8) and cricoid cartilages (n = 1), preepiglottic space (n = 12), base of the tongue (n = 4), hypopharynx (n = 8), subglottic space (n = 3), and thyroid gland (n = 2). Except for the retrolaryngeal portion of the tumor, sonography was valuable in assessing extralaryngeal spread of advanced cancers. It enabled detection of subclinical lymph node metastases in four patients. Furthermore, invasion of the wall of the carotid artery was found in two patients. For evaluating the endolaryngeal and hypopharyngeal portions of the tumor, endoscopy remains mandatory.
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PMID:Advanced laryngeal cancer: sonographic assessment. 264 69


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