Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen receptor (ER) immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) was assessed human breast carcinomas. The patient's age, the tumor size, the histological type and SBR grade, the presence or the absence of axillary lymph node metastases and of vessel invasion in tumor borders were recorded in all the cases included in the series (n = 469) estrogen and progesterone receptors were concomitantly evaluated (DCC method) and or immunoenzymatic assays. Monoclonal H222 sp gamma and PAP procedure (Abbott kit) were applied in frozen sections, tumor imprints and fine needle aspirates. A computerized system of image analysis referred to as SAMBA (TITN), permitted to achieve a multiparametric quantitative analysis of ER positive surfaces. With this system, in each tumor, the cellularity, the percentage ER surface versus the total cell surface and versus the epithelial (keratin positive) surface, integrated optical density (IOD), mean optical density, index of the concentration of labelled objects, and IOD histograms, were obtained and correlated to histological and biochemical data. It was shown that: 1) ER antigenic sites were heterogeneously distributed in ER positive tumors, with a specific nuclear localization in epithelial cells; 2) the SAMBA 200 multiparametric analysis of the ER sites distribution in tissue was appropriate, accurate, reproductible and therefore more reliable than the semi-quantitative analysis; 3) the standardization and the complete automation of this method of immunoprecipitates evaluation on tissue section permit to daily and to routinely analyse a large number of preparation; 4) there was a correlation between ER binding sites evaluation (DCC) and ER antigenic sites immunodetection (ER-ICA and ER-EIA); 5) there was a correlation between the SAMBA evaluation of ER-ICA and other histological prognostic factors such as small tumor size, low SBR grade, the absence of axillary lymph node metastasis and vessel invasion; 6) the preliminary SAMBA analysis of ER-ICA in tissue sections, imprints and fine needle aspirates suggest that fine needle aspirates may not reflect accurately the tumor cell heterogeneity.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptors and image analysis (SAMBA 200) in breast carcinomas]. 317 38

The serum concentration of the new marker CA 15-3 was determined by a kit method, which is based on the use of two different monoclonal antibodies 115D8 and DF3, in a coated tube immunoradiometric technique. The mean CA 15-3 values in breast cancer patients (n = 40) were significantly higher than in patients with benign breast disease (n = 52, p less than 0.001) and in control subjects (n = 32, p less than 0.001). When we used the cut-off level 35 kU/l for CA 15-3, 0/32 of control subjects, 1/52 (2%) of patients with benign breast disease, 8/40 (20%) of all breast cancer patients, 6/19 (32%) of breast cancer patients with axillary nodal involvement and 1/1 of breast cancer patients with distant metastases were above this level. Among the same patients the CEA serum test was positive at a cut-off level of 5 micrograms/l in 7/40 (18%) cancer cases, and in 6/19 (32%) of cancer patients with nodal involvement. When we used the cut-off level 35 kU/l for CA 15-3 and 5 micrograms/l for CEA 1/52 (2%) of patients with benign breast disease, 10/40 (25%) of all breast cancer patients, 7/19 (37%) patients with axillary nodal involvement and 1/1 of breast cancer patients with distant metastases were positive in one or both of the tests. The serum CA 15-3 and CEA values were higher in patients with tumour size above 2 cm in diameter than in patients with smaller tumours (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer-associated antigen CA 15-3 in the diagnostics of breast tumours. 320 Oct 97

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to colorectal cancer were produced using a novel immunization technique. This involved immunizing mice with whole serum obtained from patients with cancer of the colon (three with metastatic disease) and resulted in antibodies which were reactive with colonic tumor tissue by immunoperoxidase testing. Two mAbs (O-1, I-1) were isolated which were non-reactive with normal tissue and with tissues obtained from subjects with benign disease but were reactive with 34/50 (formalin-fixed) colon carcinoma specimens. Further testing on cell lines and other malignant tumors suggested both mAbs detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as their reactivities were similar to a known anti-CEA antibody, and they reacted with CEA in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The two mAbs were found to react with the same or closely associated epitopes on CEA by competitive tests. As the anti-CEA antibodies were made to serum (rather than tissue) CEA, it was possible that unique, highly specific mAb has been produced, particularly as there was a selective reaction of the mAbs for malignant but not normal tissues. A serum test with mAb I-1 was developed which detected raised serum CEA levels in 3/24 patients with benign colonic lesions, 7/19 patients with pancreatic cancer, 5/25 patients with colonic cancer but not in 20 normal individuals. There was direct correlation between these results and a commercially available CEA test kit.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies to serum antigens in colorectal carcinoma. 328 75

A study was made of the results of measuring the carcinoembryonic and carbohydrate antigens using a kit of reagents in 75 patients with rectal cancer recurrences and metastases. The concentration of these antigens in healthy persons was for CEA 6.4 +/- 0.71 micrograms/l, the carbohydrate antigen--19.6 +/- 2.51 units/ml. In this group of patients rectal cancer local recurrence was found in 52, metastases to the liver in 19 and metastatic involvement of the liver and lungs in 4. An elevated level of the CEA was detected in 92.8% of the patients with cancer recurrence (the mean concentration was 99.9 +/- 9.29 micrograms/l), and in 100% of the patients with metastases (the mean concentration was 193.4 +/- 30.42 micrograms/l). The content of the carbohydrate antigen in cancer recurrences was raised in 21.3% of the cases only, in metastases to the liver in 31.6% and in 2 patients with metastatic liver and lung involvement. Thus, measuring the CEA content turned out to be the most specific and sensitive test for the diagnosis of rectal cancer recurrences and metastases. The use of the carbohydrate antigen for this purpose was found ineffective.
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PMID:[Determination of carcinoembryonic and carbohydrate antigens in the diagnosis of recurrences and metastases of rectal cancer]. 346 48

We compared two commercial assays for measurement of serum thyroglobulin [Nuclear Medical Systems (NMS) and "CIS" (Damon Diagnostics)] with each other and with one developed at Stanford (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49:557-564, 1979). The NMS assay is a competitive-binding RIA, the CIS and Stanford assays are two-site immunoradiometric assays. The kit standards varied in thyroglobulin concentration. The NMS standards differed in immunoreactivity from thyroglobulin in clinical specimens and from the other standards. Also, nonparallelism between standards and patients' sera in the NMS assay suggested a less-specific antiserum. Results by the CIS and Stanford assays correlated well (n = 120, r = 0.964), those by the NMS assay less strongly (n = 101, r = 0.855 vs CIS, r = 0.888 vs Stanford). Clinical evaluation in 50 patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (10 with metastases and 40 currently disease-free) indicated good agreement for positive results by the three assays. The CIS and the Stanford assay both gave high results (greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/L) in all 10 cases with metastases; the NMS RIA identified eight of these patients (thyroglobulin greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/L), but excluded two with anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies. In subjects without disease, however, the percentage of undetectable thyroglobulin (negative result), as opposed to low measurable thyroglobulin (inconclusive result) varied considerably: 85% by CIS, 30% by NMS, and 75% by the Stanford assay.
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PMID:Differences in radioimmunoassay results for thyroglobulin that affect management of patients with thyroid cancer. 669 Jan 56

Fifty-nine patients with Stage IB cancer of the cervix underwent lymphography and were screened for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels before radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection. Very strict criteria were used in the evaluation of the lymphograms in order to avoid false positive results. CEA levels were determined in plasma with a modified CEA-Roche kit, and values over 5 micrograms/liter considered as positive. Lymphography: Approximately 20% of the pelvic lymph node metastases could be detected in films taken 24 hours after the injection of the contrast medium. In patients subjected to combined treatment with intracavitary radium followed by operation, control lymphograms were taken preoperatively, 6 weeks after the radium insertions. In these films the metastases detection rate was 55%, with no false positive lymphograms. CEA: Levels over 5 micrograms/liter were found in 13 patients. Pelvic lymph node metastases were found in 10 of them, giving a metastases detection rate of 42%. One patient with lung metastases and one patient with metastases in the ovaries also has elevated levels of CEA. There was one patient with "false positive" elevation of CEA. The combination of CEA determinations and lymphography 6 weeks after the radium treatment yielded a total pelvic lymph node metastasis rate of 85%.
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PMID:Lymphography and CEA in the diagnosis of metastases in patients with stage IB cancer of the cervix. 747 47

The level of a c-erbB-2 related protein was determined in sera from 168 breast carcinoma patients, 12 females with benign breast disease, and 66 female controls using an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit. Elevated c-erbB-2 related protein level was detected in one of 13 preoperative sera (8%), two of 62 postoperative sera from patients without recurrent disease (3%), and 55 of 93 sera collected at recurrent disease (59%). Elevated serum levels were detected significantly more often in patients with distant metastases than in patients with recurrent disease restricted to loco-regional areas (68% versus 19%). Presence of elevated serum level was associated with ERBB2 gene amplification and c-erbB-2 protein overexpression in tumour. None of the patients who had normal ERBB2 gene copy number in tumour had elevated serum levels. Although the usefulness in postoperative prediction of the presence of micrometastases is somewhat questionable, the results suggest c-erbB-2 related protein to represent a novel tumour marker in serum and other body fluids from breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and during treatment monitoring.
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PMID:Detection of c-erbB-2 related protein in sera from breast cancer patients. Relationship to ERBB2 gene amplification and c-erbB-2 protein overexpression in tumour. 760 58

Estrogen receptors (ER) status was investigated in 101 primary breast carcinomas and their axillary lymph node metastases to determine if the malignant cells retained or changed this phenotypic feature during the metastatic process. Immunohistochemistry with the ER-ICA kit (Abbott Laboratory) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was used (paraffin ER-ICA). The ER status in primary and secondary tumours was concordant in 80 patients (79%) and discordant in 21 (21%). Eighteen of these twenty-one patients had ER-positive primary tumours and ER-negative lymph node metastases. This discordance, which may be due to loss of ERs in the metastatic cells or tumour heterogeneity, could explain the well-known failure of endocrine treatment in some of the patients with ER-positive primary tumours. A new monoclonal antibody ID5 (DAKO) against ERs was applied on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 83 of these 101 primary carcinomas. These analyses and paraffin ER-ICA analyses were compared to prior analyses of the same 83 tumours using the ER-ICA kit on fresh frozen tissue ("gold standard", frozen ER-ICA). Kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity were 0.74, 0.96 and 0.75 for ID5 antibody, and 0.59, 0.72 and 0.96 for ER-ICA antibody on paraffin sections.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of estrogen receptors in primary breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases including comparison of two monoclonal antibodies. 769 87

The aim of this investigation was to test for the scintigraphic detection of metastases of malignant melanoma with a new radiopharmaceutical, 99Tcm-glutathione (99Tcm-GSH), in comparison with 99Tcm-anti-melanoma antibody (99Tcm-AMAb). Glutathione was labelled with 99Tcm by a Sn2+ reduction method with an efficiency of > 99% as determined by instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC). Anti-melanoma antibody was obtained as a kit from SORIN (Italy) and labelled with 99TcmO-4. Forty-three patients with a total of 55 biopsy-proven metastatic melanoma foci, 1 ocular melanoma and 20 benign pathologic foci, also confirmed by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, were included in the study after giving their informed consent. Following the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 500 MBq 99Tcm-AMAb, scintigraphic images of the involved areas were obtained 6 h post-injection. Three days later, the same patients were given 500 MBq 99Tcm-GSH i.v. and images were obtained 6 and 24 h post-injection. The images were classified as positive (focal abnormal accumulation) or negative. Quantitative evaluation was also applied. Regions of interest were drawn over the involved areas and nearby soft tissues and the target-to-nontarget (T/NT) ratios obtained with 99Tcm-AMAb (T/NT: 1.92 +/- 0.2) and 99Tcm-GSH (T/NT: 1.84 +/- 0.2) were compared (0.1 < P < or = 0.3). The sensitivity (and specificity) of 99Tcm-AMAb and 99Tcm-GSH in the detection of malignant melanoma metastases were 91% (95%) and 84% (90%), respectively. Compared with 99Tcm-AMAb, the advantages of 99Tcm-GSH are lower levels of blood radioactivity, lower costs and easy in-house preparation. In conclusion, our results show that 99Tcm-GSH is a potentially useful radiopharmaceutical for the detection of metastases of malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of metastases of malignant melanoma imaging with 99Tcm-glutathione and 99Tcm-anti-melanoma antibody: a comparative study. 858 59

Ovarian cancer is the most overrepresented malignancy diagnosed in women with dermatomyositis. Unfortunately, screening with pelvic examination rarely detects this cancer prior to the development of metastatic disease. Our objective was to examine the use of serum CA-125 antigen levels in screening patients with dermatomyositis for ovarian cancer. A single blinded, case-control study was conducted in our institution of CA-125 levels in 14 women diagnosed with dermatomyositis between 1986 and 1993, 4 of whom subsequently developed ovarian cancer. In the 4 patients who developed ovarian cancer ("cases"), CA-125 determinations were performed on serum stored 5 to 19 months prior to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In the remaining 10 patients ("controls"), serum was drawn for CA-125 level determination at the time of the study, and simultaneous gynecologic and endovaginal ultrasound examinations were performed to exclude clinical evidence of ovarian cancer. All CA-125 serum measurements were performed simultaneously by a technician blinded to disease status using one diagnostic kit. CA-125 was found to be elevated in 2 patients with ovarian cancer (on serum obtained 5 and 13 months prior to the date of diagnosis of ovarian cancer) and in none of the control patients without clinical or ultrasound evidence of ovarian cancer (relative risk = 20, 95% confidence interval = [0.64, 666]). In these 14 patients, the sensitivity of CA-125 elevation for detection of ovarian cancer was 50%, and specificity was 100%. Serum CA-125 screening for ovarian cancer in patients having dermatomyositis may be useful; however, prospective studies are needed to confirm this and to determine the effect of screening on cancer stage at diagnosis and long-term survival.
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PMID:Serum CA-125 screening for ovarian cancer in patients with dermatomyositis. 915 32


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