Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lysozyme (muramidase) activity was measured in the sera of 84 dogs with neoplastic disease. Neoplasms included 32 lymphomas, 13 primary bone neoplasms, 5 melanomas, 5 thyroid neoplasms, 9 soft tissue sarcomas, 5 mast cell sarcomas, and 15 carcinomas. The sera from 21 healthy dogs served as control. Dogs with neoplastic disease had significantly (P less than 0.005) higher serum lysozyme activity than did the healthy controls. For lymphosarcoma, dogs with clinical signs of systemic disease had significantly higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without clinical signs. For bone neoplasms, dogs with metastatic disease had higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without metastasis. Increased lysozyme activity may be a useful marker of macrophage-mediated host responses to neoplasms in dogs.
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PMID:Serum lysozyme (muramidase) activity in dogs with neoplastic disease. 679 92

Thirty-five patients underwent surgical resection of brain metastases from non-oat-cell lung cancer between 1978 and 1981. Twenty-nine patients received postoperative radiation therapy to the brain. Twenty-three patients were male and 12 were female. Intracranial metastases occurred as the initial symptom of malignancy in 14 patients, and at varying periods following treatment of the primary tumor in 21 patients. The primary tumor and involved nodes were treated by definitive surgery in 18 patients, palliative resection and interstitial radiation in 10 patients, and by radiation therapy or chemotherapy alone in seven patients. The overall median survival time was 14 months. Favorable prognostic variables included: 1) absence of local or systemic disease at time of craniotomy (median 23 months survival time); 2) aggressive treatment of the primary tumor (median 18 months survival time); and 3) metachronous onset of brain metastases (median 15 months survival time). These survival data represent a considerable improvement over the historical 6 months median period of survival in such patients.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of brain metastases from lung cancer. 683 13

Many patients with lung cancer have disease disseminated beyond the thorax at the time of presentation. In patients with resectable disease, the first site of recurrence following surgery is frequently outside of the thorax. Therefore, the major problem in lung cancer is control of distant metastatic disease rather than failure to control local disease. For these reasons, adjuvant therapy has been directed primarily toward the microscopic systemic disease. Immunotherapy has shown some promise as a systemic agent in lung cancer, but it is clear from the early trials that the effect of immunotherapy is marginal. Newer types of immunotherapy are being developed, and at the present time, intralesional BCG immunotherapy holds considerable promise. However, the ultimate success of immunotherapy will reply on the development of better immunotherapeutic agents and a better knowledge of the immunologic relationship between the host and the tumor. Studies evaluating chemotherapy as a systemic adjuvant to surgery have not been promising in the past. However, new combination chemotherapeutic regimens that have a response rate of 40 per cent in advanced disease and that have acceptable toxicity offer considerable promise in the area of adjuvant therapy. Certainly adjuvant chemotherapy has been successful in sarcomas, germ cell tumors of the testes, Wilms' tumors, and breast cancer, as well as other solid tumors, and its reasonable to anticipate that effective combination chemotherapy will be developed that will be useful as a surgical adjuvant in lung cancer. Several trials are currently in progress evaluating preoperative chemotherapy in advanced resectable disease and also postoperative adjuvant therapy following total resection. These studies are now in progress and the preliminary results are encouraging, but the definitive statement cannot yet be made.
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PMID:Surgical adjuvant therapy for lung cancer. 703 35

A retrospective analysis was performed comparing the incidence of brain metastases as a site of first recurrence in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy during the period from 1973--1979 for node-positive operable carcinoma of the breast, compared to a matched control group of patients presenting during the same period treated by local measures only. Five of 115 patients (4.3%) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy have had brain metastases as first site of distant recurrence compared to zero of 115 (0%) in the control group. This comprised 12.8% of first distant recurrences in the adjuvant group. The authors suggest that this increased incidence of brain metastases, as site of first recurrence, reflects prolonged suppression of systemic disease by adjuvant chemotherapy with less effect in controlling metastases in the brain.
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PMID:Brain metastases in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. 705 79

Seven hundred thirty-nine patients with malignant melanoma of the extremities were treated with a uniform surgical approach that included wide and deep excision of the primary site and regional node dissection therapeutically and electively for invasive lesions (Clark's levels III, IV, and V). Of the 490 patients who underwent lymph node dissections, follow-up was available for 457 (93%). Life-table comparison of 362 patients with histologically negative nodes to 95 with histologically proved lymph node metastases yielded statistically significant differences in survival (P less than 0.001). Five-year cumulative survival rates were 91% in the group without and 48% in the group with nodal metastases. Among histologically positive patients, differences in life-table survival curves for the 60 clinically negative patients compared to the 35 clinically positive patients were also statistically significant (P = 0.004); 5-year cumulative survival rates were 57% for the former group and 33% for the latter. Although there appears to be an advantage to regional lymph node dissection for micrometastases as opposed to gross nodal involvement, for the majority of patients metastatic melanoma in these nodes is the major indicator of systemic disease.
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PMID:Regional lymph node dissection for malignant melanoma of the extremities. 724 26

Ocular melanoma is the most common malignant tumor of the eye and accounts for 70 to 80 percent of all extracutaneous melanomas. Its biologic behavior differs from that of its cutaneous counterpart. To elucidate this, 62 patients with histologically proven melanoma of eye (58 uveal tract and 4 conjuntiva) at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1945 to 1977 were studied. The prominent contradistinctions from other head and neck melanomas were (1) a very high percentage of patients had either locally advanced or systemic disease at diagnosis, although the eye is the most sensitive organ; (2) regional lymph node involvement was absent even in the late stages of disease; (3) hematogenous spread involved single organs, most commonly the liver and the lung; (4) local recurrence was rare; (5) most recurrences occurred evenly in first 10 years after treatment; (6) regional resection, chemotherapy or both are advocated for distant metastases since they are confined to a single organ and are amenable to it; and (7) despite hematogenous spread and advanced disease at diagnosis, the overall prognosis of ocular melanoma is comparable to that of cutaneous melanoma.
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PMID:Biologic behavior of ocular malignant melanoma and comparison with melanoma of the head and neck. 742 36

The implications of medical adjuvant treatments of primary breast cancer are best appreciated from an analysis of the available data on rates of local recurrence and survival after mastectomy. Breast cancer may be considered as a systemic disease from the time of clinical presentation in most cases and its cure rate has been estimated at 18% for all cases and 30% for stages I and II combined. Advancing age seems attended by an increasing rate of dying from breast cancer. Local recurrences appear to obey the same mechanisms that govern the occurrence of distant metastases. Their appearance after mastectomy has an average or median delay of one to two years. These data are important factors that condition the indication and planning of reconstructive surgery. They form the background on which adjuvant treatments will exert their influence. Prophylactic castration is of little or no value in altering survival after mastectomy. In contrast, intensive long-term combination chemotherapy of the CMF type seems to increase the relapse-free survival and overall survival, and to decrease the rate of local recurrence specifically in premenopausal patients. It is little or not effective after the menopause. Intensive research is needed to develop better modalities of systemic adjuvant treatment in order to improve the curability of breast cancer.
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PMID:Implications of adjuvant hormonal and cytotoxic chemotherapy. 743 6

A series of 206 patients with cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck has been studied. Ninety patients had a regional lymph node dissections performed. Seventeen lymph node dissections were done therapeutically and 73 were done electively. Thirty-one patients had histologically positive lymph nodes and, of these, 30 patients have been followed to the present time or death. Twenty-nine of these patients (97%) have developed systemic melanoma. Twenty-six patients have died and three are alive with disease. No patient had local recurrence alone while four had local recurrence synchronously with systemic metastases. This contrasts with 29 patients followed for greater than five years with histologically negative nodes, 27 (93.1%) of whom are alive with no evidence of recurrent disease. Regional node metastases with melanoma of the head and neck is an almost certain indication of systemic disease. A selective surgical approach to invasive melanoma in this region is proposed based on the observation in the 31 patients who had radical neck dissections with histologically positive nodes. The metastases always involved the nodal group adjacent to the primary site. This selective approach should allow optimal local control and accurate pathologic staging while limiting the extent of the surgery.
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PMID:Selective surgical management of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck. 743 92

Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast accounts for only 1-6% of mammary cancer in Caucasian women and is characterized by a poor prognosis; distant metastases frequently appear in fact in an early stage of disease and moreover metastatic spreading follows unpredictable ways. In this study we report on a case of a female patient in whom persistent signs of increased intracranial pressure, following the diagnosis of inflammatory carcinoma of the breast, have been referable to the tumour seeding the meninges in the absence of systemic disease. This peculiar and unusual form of neoplasia is up today a challenge for the clinician, both because of therapeutic difficulty and of unexpected metastases which, in turn, worsen the prognosis. Particularly, in our opinion, meningeal localization must be suspected even in the absence of distant metastases.
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PMID:[Meningeal carcinosis: early clinical manifestations of inflammatory cancer of the breast]. 747 76

The emergence of new cytotoxic agents and techniques for treatment of systemic disease as single modalities or in combination with irradiation and surgery will impact on the use of such agents in the management of systemic breast cancer. Metastatic breast carcinoma, unlike other solid tumors, is highly responsive to chemotherapy, response rates of 50 to 70% have been reported consistently, although there has not been a significant improvement on long-term survival of these patients in the last ten years. New therapeutic approaches include cytotoxic and hormonal agents, growth and differentiation factors, monoclonal antibodies, hematopoietic stem cell support, conquest of tumor cell resistance by MDR-modulation, genetic manipulation, identification of new targets on the tumor surface, synthesis of target-oriented designer-drugs and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. In breast cancer the tumor growth correlates with vascularization and angiogenesis. Tumor angiogenesis is stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Microvessel density is a significant predictor of survival among node-negative women, who are at risk for having occult metastases at presentation. These patients could then be given systemic adjuvant therapy. Animal experiments show promising inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice after application of antibodies against VEGF. Other methods of manipulation of molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis are under investigation.
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PMID:[Are there alternative forms of therapy in breast carcinoma? Status and perspectives for the treatment of metastasized breast carcinoma]. 753 44


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