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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of primary tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter is progressively increasing; now they account for about 10 per cent of all urothelial tumors with predominance of papillary ones. They metastasize early, most frequently in the liver, the bones and the lung. For a period of 10 years, 46 patients with upper urinary tract tumors of epithelial origin have been examined and treated. In 30 of these patients (65.2 per cent) the cancer was localized in the renal pelvis and in 16 (34.8 per cent) in the ureter. In 40 patients (87 per cent) the initial symptom was hematuria with dull or colic-like pain in the lumbar area. Excretory urography and retrograde ureteropyelography are essential for the exact diagnosis. Treatment should be early and radical--nephrectomy with total ureterectomy and excision of part of the bladder wall near the ureter orifice. Organ-preserving operations are indicated only in cases of single kidney or accompanying disease of the other kidney, which after some time may require its removal.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter]. 262 20

Two patients with symptoms referable to the urinary tract who were found to have renal metastatic disease are presented. The first case illustrates typical radiological features of metastatic malignancy affecting the kidney. In the second case angiographic features were suggestive of a grossly dilated renal collecting system conflicting with the sonographic appearances of a solid renal mass. At surgery the pelvicalyceal system and proximal ureter were found to be grossly distended with an intraluminal metastasis.
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PMID:Two patients with symptomatic renal metastases. 264 64

1. Widespread visceral and intestinal wall metastases are present in women dying with ovarian cancer. Intestinal wall invasion is commonly found at autopsy and is associated with bowel obstruction. Liver parenchymal replacement by metastases in more extensive than that in the lung, where most metastases have a subpleural location. Multifocality characterizes metastases in both of these organs. 2. Neoplastic lymphatic invasion is common. Lymphatic and blood vascular invasion are associated with an increased incidence of metastases in lymph nodes, small bowel wall, pancreas, lungs, ureter, and liver. 3. The mean survival time from diagnosis to death is less than 2 years. Both increasing neoplastic histological grade and clinical stage at diagnosis are associated with decreased survival time. 4. The most common causes of death are carcinomatosis, infection, or a combination of these processes. Sepsis, pneumonia, or both of these account for most of the fatal infections. 5. Bowel and ureteral obstruction constitute the most common forms of tumor-induced morbidity. The former process tends to be multifocal, involving the small and large intestines, and it is found during the disease course as well as at autopsy. Ureteral involvement is usually associated with hydronephrosis and is bilateral in approximately one fourth of the cases.
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PMID:The pathology and biologic behavior of ovarian cancer. An autopsy review. 265 34

A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter associated with ureteral calculus is presented. A 66-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital, with the chief complaint of macroscopic hematuria in October, 1985. A kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray and drip intravenous pyelography failed to reveal the calculus shadow clearly. However, computerized tomographic scan revealed the calculus shadow clearly adjacent to the ureteral tumor, and retrograde pyelography revealed the filling defect on a third lower portion of the left ureter. She was diagnosed with tumor of the ureter associated with the calculus. She underwent complete nephroureterectomy with excision of a periureteral cuff of the bladder. The tumor was diagnosed histologically as squamous cell carcinoma. Metastases and recurrence of tumor have never occurred on July, 1987. Forty-four cases of the primary ureteral squamous cell carcinoma could be collected in the Japanese literature. Moreover, we deal with this disease associated with the ureteral calculus.
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PMID:[A case of primary ureteral squamous cell carcinoma associated with calculus]. 265 3

Seventeen patients with advanced renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma receiving M-VAC chemotherapy were evaluated. There were 10 men and 7 women ranging in age from forty-two to seventy-eight years with a mean of sixty-six years. The primary sites of carcinoma were renal pelvis in 4 patients, ureter in 12, renal pelvis and ureter in 1. Fifteen patients had transitional cell carcinoma, one patient had transitional cell carcinoma mixed with squamous cell carcinoma and the histology of one patient was not identified. The median number of treatment cycles was 2.6, ranging from 1 to 6. Significant remissions following the treatment were observed in 5 of 8 primary lesions, 6 of 11 lymph nodes, 2 of 3 lung lesions and 2 of 5 bone lesions, respectively. However, the responses were not seen in 4 liver lesions. Two patients achieved a complete response (CR), 7 had a partial response (PR), 6 had stabilization of their disease, 2 had progressed, and the overall response rate was 52.9%. Two CR patients remain free of disease. Relapse or recurrence was seen in 4 of the 7 patients who achieved PR, and the median duration of response was 6.4 months. While the myelosuppression with this regimen was tolerable, the decreases of white blood cell and platelets count were significant in patients who had undergone prior irradiation. These results indicate that the M-VAC regimen is effective in patients with advanced upper urothelial malignancy. Further, a short response and a poor effectiveness in the metastases of liver and bone remain to be overcome.
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PMID:[M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy in advanced renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma]. 267 46

Metastatic disease to the ureter is rare. Although it is not often diagnosed during life metastasis to the ureter should be suspected when malignancy and symptoms of ureteral disease are present. We report the thirteenth case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate metastatic to the ureter, which also was associated with a ureteral calculus.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the prostate metastatic to the ureter with an associated ureteral stone. 281 May 18

Three women, 51-69 years of age with carcinomas of the urinary bladder or ureter, had ovarian tumors of identical cell types 2 to 7 years apart. In two cases the tumors were transitional-cell carcinomas and in the third case, signet-ring-cell carcinomas. It was difficult in the cases of transitional-cell carcinoma to determine whether the ovarian tumors were metastatic or independent primary tumors. Consideration of a variety of features of our two cases and of four similar cases reported in the literature led us to the conclusion that the ovarian tumors were probably metastatic in one case, probably primary in two cases, and of unknown nature in three cases, but some degree of doubt existed in all the cases. The signet-ring-cell tumor in the ovary had the typical features of a Krukenberg tumor. Four of 11 women with signet-ring-cell carcinomas of the bladder have had ovarian metastases.
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PMID:Urothelial and ovarian carcinomas of identical cell types: problems in interpretation. A report of three cases and review of the literature. 284 58

An analysis of post-mortem data on 918 cases of bladder cancer established tumor invasion into adjacent tissues in 50.2 +/- 1.61 and metastases--in 36.9 +/- 1.59% of cases. Paravesical fat tissue, the prostate and ureter were the most frequent sites of invasion: 34.7 +/- 1.57, 15.6 +/- 1.20 and 7.5 +/- 0,87%, respectively. Invasion proved to be among the basic risk factors of recurrence development and vesical fistula formation. Tumors were mostly disseminated into lymph nodes (21.6 +/- 1.36), liver (14.9 +/- 1.17) and lung (10.7 +/- 1.02%). A relationship between histologic pattern of tumor and frequency of metastatic spread was found. Bladder cancer extension into the small pelvis and dissemination were frequently the source of diagnostic errors.
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PMID:[Invasiveness and metastases of bladder cancer]. 316 Dec 41

Clinical and pathologic data of 54 patients with clinically localized transitional cell tumors of the upper urinary tract were reviewed to determine the significance of tumor grade and stage on patient survival. There were 43 tumors of the renal pelvis (one bilateral) and 11 tumors of the ureter. The primary tumor was staged by the new TNM classification into low stage (Ta: limited to mucosa; T1: lamina propria invasion) and high stage (T2: muscularis invasion; T3; invasion beyond the muscularis). Tumors were low stage (Ta/T1) in 28 cases (51.8%) and advanced (T2/T3) in 26 cases (48.2%). Twenty-five of 54 (46.3%) of the patients had low grade (Grades 1 and 2) and 29 of 54 (53.7%) had high grade (Grades 3 and 4) tumors. Median survival for all patients from date of diagnosis was 31 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 45.8%. Grade (low/high) matched stage (low/high) in 45 of 54 patients (83%). Median survival for patients with low grade tumors was 66.8 months compared to 14.1 months in patients with high grade tumors. Median survival for low stage tumors was 91.1 months and for high stage tumors was 12.9 months. These differences in survival related to both tumor stage (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.004) were statistically significant by log-rank test. Fourteen of the 54 patients (25.9%) developed local recurrence and 29 (53.7%) developed distant metastases. The lung was the most common site of metastasis. Eighteen patients (33.3%) had or developed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, which preceded the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper tract in seven cases and developed subsequently in 11 cases. Primary tumor stage by the new TNM classification is a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both variables are strongly predictive of patient course and survival. The advantages of the new TNM classification are discussed.
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PMID:Tumor grade and stage as prognostic variables in upper tract urothelial tumors. 316 13

For classification of testicular tumors in the TNM-System several modern imaging methods are available: sonography, conventional radiography, lymphography, computer-tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and scintigraphy. Sonography--usually the first method to be used for reasonable classification--is significantly inferior to lymphography and CT for N and M staging. It remains to be seen if the NMR-methods will reach the good informative standard of CT. Only in the case of extensive lymphatic metastasis (bulky disease) are i.v. pyelogram and cavography still used to verify displacement of the ureter or infiltration of the tumor into the cava. In the nuclear medical field bone scintigraphy plays the main role for testicular tumor metastases.
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PMID:[Clinical staging of malignant tumors by the TNM system. Contribution of modern imaging procedures in patients with testicular tumors]. 331 86


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