Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the breast are described. In one patient the lesion represented a primary breast tumor; in the second, a metastases from primary bonchogenic carcinoma. Neither lesion possessed estrogen receptor protein. This report emphasizes the rarity of epidermoid lesions of the breast and the importance of identifying an extramammary primary source of metastases to the breast.
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PMID:Epidermoid carcinoma of the breast. 50 63

The presence or absence of steroid hormone receptors has been associated with predicting response to exogenous hormone therapy in breast tumors and in the treatment of metastases. This study was conducted to determine whether hormone receptors are present in cervical epithelium showing intraepithelial neoplasia. 18 biopsies of normal cervical epithelium were collected from hysterectomy patients with normal cervical cytology. 32 abnormal epithelium specimens were similarly obtained from patients with abnormal cervical cytology. An assay method using dextran-coated charcoal was performed to determine the values of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the cervical samples. Among those with normal epithelium, 67% were found to be estrogen receptor + compared to 77% of those with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Progesterone receptor sites were found in 61% of normal patients and 65% of CIN patients. The % of tumors (invasive cervical carcinoma) that are estrogen receptor positive have been found to vary from 0 to 25%. This study suggests a higher % of estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity in CIN than in invasive carcinoma with increasing concentration of receptors proportionate to the degree of dedifferentiation. Further studies should be done to determine whether hormone manipulation of cervical epithelium is of therapeutic and clinical value.
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PMID:Hormone receptors in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 52 46

A unique case of breast cancer presenting as renal colic due to ureteral obstruction is presented. Although antemortem diagnosis has been uncommon, ureteral metastases frequently are found in autopsy studies. Improvements in the management of patients with disseminated breast cancer may lead to more frequent recognition of this problem. Therapy should be directed against the tumor in general, and not specifically against the ureteral lesion unless renal function is jeopardized. Hormonal manipulation is the treatment of choice in patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Ureteral catheterization or urinary diversion should be attempted only in combination with systemic injury.
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PMID:Breast cancer presenting as renal colic. 66 13

Carcinomas of the breast from 352 women were assayed for binding of tritiated estradiol by tumor cytosol with dextran--charcoal adsorption, saturation analysis, and two-point Scatchard plots; the level of saturable binding defined a cytosol as positive or negative for estrogen receptor. Valid assays were obtained on specimens as small as 120 mg. Assays of replicate samples of a cytosol were more reproducible than assays of replicate samples of the tumor itself. Occasional disparity of results between a primary mammary carcinoma and its axillary metastases could be related to differences in tumor cellularity. Saturable binding consistent with the presence of estrogen receptor was found in 59% of 305 primary carcinomas and in 57% of 47 metastatic or recurrent carcinomas. There was a significant negative correlation between the patient's age and saturable estrogen binding in the tumor. Serum estradiol levels of less than 250 pg/ml appeared to have a negligible effect on estrogen receptor content. A small subgroup of high-binding carcinomas had high dissociation constants, but the significance of this observation is not clear.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor assay of carcinomas of the breast by a simplified dextran--charcoal method. 70 34

It is clear that a variety of metastatic deposits can successfully be assayed and found to contain estrogen receptor protein even up to 13 years following the initial tumor surgical procedure. Whether or not the patient has received previous treatment, estrogen receptor status does not appear to be influenced, and biopsies of the 23 metastatic lesions were found to contain estrogen receptors. Fourteen of nineteen patients with metastatic tumors containing estrogen receptors who were treated and evaluated demonstrated remission after hormonal manipulation. Only one patient with a tumor with no estrogen receptors demonstrated tumor regression after hypophysectomy and suggests that a previous response to hormone manipulation may warrant a further trial even when estrogen receptors are not found. The results of estrogen receptor values on metastatic disease of the breasts are extremely valuable in the therapeutic decision making process and should be routinely obtained.
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PMID:Results and merit of estrogen receptor data derived from metastatic tumors of the breast. 71 57

The presence of glucocorticoid receptors was examined in 100 primary and 22 metastatic human breast cancer lesions. Aliquots of cytosol were incubated in vitro with tritiated cortisol and dexamethasone with and without competing steroids. Two different types of glucocorticoid receptors were detected. One is similar to transcortin; it sediments at 4 S in the ultracentrifuge, has a dissociation constant in the same range (10(-8) M), and does not bind fluorinated corticosteroids. While every tumor showed cortisol binding, very high activity (greater than 1000 fmoles/g tissue) was detected in 38% of primaries and in 59% of metastases. Plasma transcortin could be excluded as the source of binding activity. The other receptor binds both natural and fluorinated corticosteroids, has a higher affinity (Kd 10(-9) M), and sediments at 8 S. It was present in 23% of tumors and its quantity (26 to 995 fmoles/g) was much less than that of cortisol binder (50 to 6000 fmoles/g). While there was no correlation between the two glucocorticoid receptors, 80% of dexamethasone receptor-positive cases also had estrogen receptor. The results indicate that a significant proportion of these tumors could be subject to glucocorticoid influence.
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PMID:Macromolecular binding of glucocorticoids in human mammary carcinoma. 83 65

The results of assay for estrogen receptor (ER) in the tumor cytosol and thymidine labeling indices (TLI) of 63 primary invasive carcinomas of the breast were analyzed. The ER assay was performed by using dextran-charcoal to adsorb unbound tritiated estradiol-17beta (E2) in cytosol. The TLI was measured as the number per hundred of neoplastic cell nuclei labeled by tritiated thymidine. A significant association between low TLI and presence of ER was found. Wereas all 19 tumors with TLI less than 2.5 contained ER in the primary lesion or in axillary metastases and ER was found in 25 of 30 tumors with TLI between 2.5 and 10, only 4 of 14 tumors with TLI greater 10 contained ER (p less than 0.001). TLI and saturable binding of E2 were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.436,P. less than 0.001). It is concluded that dedifferentiation in breast carcinomas is associated with both high TLI and absence of ER, and suggested that the carcinomas with the most rapid proliferative rates will include the highest proportion of tumors unresponsive to hormonal therapy.
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PMID:Low incidence of estrogen receptor in breast carcinomas with rapid rates of cellular replication. 92 70

A phase II study was undertaken to assess the effect of CAF plus depo-buserelin, as first-line treatment, in premenopausal women with breast cancer. Of 66 patients entered 60 are eligible and evaluable; their median age was 45, estrogen receptor (ER) was positive in 9, negative in 11 and unknown in 40. The median disease free interval (DFI) was 11 months. Metastatic sites were visceral in 14, bone in 34 and soft tissue in 37. Twenty-nine patients had metastatic disease of one site, while 31 had 2-4 sites. An objective response of 82% was documented (29 complete responders and 20 partial responders). Median time to treatment failure was 11.5 months and median survival 37 months. Most commonly encountered side effects attributable to CAF were alopecia, nausea and vomiting, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Side effects attributable to buserelin were hot flashes. After one cycle baseline mean serum estradiol fell from premenopausal levels to postmenopausal levels. This study showed that CAF plus buserelin is well tolerated, with a very high response rate in selected premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and fluorouracil (CAF) plus depo-buserelin in the treatment of premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. 128 48

Overexpression of p53-protein appears to be a common event in primary breast cancer. It has been proposed that the presence of elevated levels of this protein may be an independent prognostic factor and may be important for the ability of a tumor to metastasize. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of immunohistochemically detectable mutant p53-protein on metastasis-free survival of patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 117 paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of consecutive patients with stage T1-T4 breast cancer, using a monoclonal antibody against p53 suppressor gene product. 29 (24.8%) specimens showed positive staining, whereas in 88 (75.2%) a negative staining reaction for p53 was found. Comparing time intervals to diagnosis of metastasis, using Kaplan-Meier curves, Log-Rank test revealed no significant differences in metastasis-free survival between p53 positive and negative patients (P = 0.32), whereas statistically significant differences were noted for tumor stage (P < 0.01), nodal status (P < 0.01), histological grading (P < 0.01) and estrogen receptor status (P = 0.03). Mutant p53-protein, as detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin embedded tumor tissue, does not appear to influence metastasis-free survival in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of mutant p53-suppressor gene product in patients with breast cancer: influence on metastasis-free survival. 129 80

Amplification or increased expression of the c-erbB-2 gene has previously been reported to be a prognostic marker for breast cancer. Gene amplification is usually measured by Southern blotting, whereas increased protein expression is usually detected by immunocytochemistry. We measured c-erbB-2 protein with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High concentrations of oncoprotein were found in 25 of 161 (16%) primary breast cancers and in 3 of 6 (50%) breast cancer metastases. High concentrations were not found in normal breast tissue or benign breast tumors. In the primary cancers, high concentrations of c-erbB-2 protein were found more frequently (a) in estrogen receptor-negative tumors than in estrogen receptor-positive tumors, (b) in progesterone receptor-negative tumors than in progesterone-positive tumors, and (c) in axillary node-positive cancers than in node-negative cancers. Patients with tumors containing high amounts of the c-erbB-2 protein had a significantly shorter (P less than 0.001) disease-free interval and overall survival rate than did patients with low amounts. We conclude that assay of c-erbB-2 protein by ELISA is simple, rapid, and quantitative and offers important prognostic information in breast cancer.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in breast cancer. 135 9


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