Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple procedure for the assay of specific estrogen receptors in breast cancer tissue is described. Estrogen receptors were detected in 74% of primary tumors, 71% of skin metastases and 63% of lymph node metastases. Postmenopausal patients and younger oophorectomized women had estrogen receptor-containing tumors more frequently, and at higher levels, than uncastrated, premenopausal, patients. The stability of estrogen receptors was not affected by the transportation of samples from distant hospitals, providing that they were kept frozen in Tris buffer, pH 8.0, at all times.
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PMID:Experience with a simple method for estrogen receptor assay in breast cancer. 0 1

This report provides a detailed pathological review of 333 specimens analyzed for estrogen receptor protein (ERP) and correlates a series of morphological features with ERP results. Included were 147 primary breast carcinomas, 78 metastases, 27 fibroadenomas, and 81 nonneoplastic tissues, all from women. ERP in cytosols was assayed by incubation with [3H]estradiol in the presence and absence of "cold" estradiol followed by dextran-charcoal treatment. Results were summarized as positive (greater 60% inhibition by nontritiated estradiol, greater than 10 fmoles/mg protein), negative (less than 60% inhibition by nontritiated estradiol, less than 10 fmoles/mg protein), or intermediate borderline combinations. ERP in primary tumors ranged from 0.2 to 358 fmoles/mg protein (54.4% positive, 35.4% negative, 10.2% borderline). New findings are: (a) a high frequency of positive ERP in invasive lobular carcinoma (12 of 13, 92.3%) compared to typical ductal tumors (64 of 117, 54.7%); and (b) low frequency of positive ERP(5 of 21, 23.8%) in tumors with a prominent local lymphocyte reaction. Three ERP-positive noncarcinomatous specimens were fibroadenomas of high epithelial cellularity from patients under 30 years. No statistically significant relationship existed between ERP and any other morphological features that were examined.
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PMID:Pathological review of breast lesions analyzed for estrogen receptor protein. 17 Oct 66

The tumors from approximately 50% of patients with breast cancer contained estrogen receptor (ER). ER appeared more often and at higher levels in the tumors of postmenopausal women. Eleven out of 12 patients who had multiple ER assays from various metastatic sites showed no significant discrepancies in ER values. ER level appears to decrease as the duration of metastatic cancer increase. Patients with ER in the tumor more frequently have bone metastases than those without ER. Visceral metastases occurred more often with ER negative patients and appeared to have a more malignant course with significant shorter survival.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor and natural course of breast cancer. 17

The urinary excretion of corticosteroid sulfates and free cortisol were determined in 150 breast cancer patients. Four of 60 cases of early breast cancer (7%) and 26 of 90 patients with advanced breast cancer (29%) showed an elevated urinary corticosteroid sulfate excretion. Urinary free cortisol was usually normal. Estrogen receptor assays were performed on tumor samples from 67 breast cancer patients; 24 were from primary lesions obtained at mastectomy, 3 from inoperable primaries in patients with systemic metastases, and 40 from metastases. Sixteen of the primary breast cancers (67%), 26 of the metastases (65%) and 1 of the 3 inoperable primaries contained estrogen receptors. With 2 exceptions, patients with an increased urinary corticosteroid sulfate excretion also had estrogen receptor-containing tumors.
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PMID:Corticosteroid sulfate excretion and estrogen receptors in breast cancer. 17 41

Eleven specimens of breast lesions obtained from 10 male patients were analyzed for estrogen receptor protein (ERP). Three patients (ages 49, 77, 82 years) had infiltrating duct carcinomas with no axillary metastases. ERP in each of these was positive. Eight specimens with gynecomastia, one of which was obtained from the 77-year-old patient with carcinoma in the same breast, were also analyzed. Of these ERP was positive in a 59-year-old man who had cirrhosis of the liver; two patients with borderline ERP had hepatitis and testicular seminoma, respectively. No relationship between histopathologic features of the lesions and ERP results was found and it is too early to relate these ERP studies to prognosis in these patients. Review of available literature, including our cases, reveals that six of eight male breast carcinomas were ERP-positive.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor protein in lesions of the male breast: a preliminary report. 17 79

Six patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast underwent mediastinoscopy to obtain tissue for estrogen receptor analysis and pathologic confirmation of metastatic tumor. The indication for mediastioxcopy was an abnormal mediastinal accumulation of gallium in five patients, only two of whom had an abnormality noted on tomography. All six patients had tumor recovered by mediastinoscopy as demonstrated by pathologic examination and/or estrogen receptor assay, Therefore, the diagnosis of mediastinal metastases in breast cancer may be suggested by either chest roentgenograms, mediastinal tomography, or gallium scintigraphy. Mediastinoscopy is a safe, effective procedure capable of establishing the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the breast and of procuring sufficient tissue for estrogen receptor analysis in patients without more readily accessible sites of metastases.
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PMID:Mediastinoscopy: a diagnostic aid in metastatic carcinoma of the breast. 17 83

We determined estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in cytosols prepared from 189 human breast carcinoma tissues, 85 benign or normal breast biopsies, and 101 tissue specimens metastatic from breast carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 70% of the primary carcinomatous tissues, 15% of the benign or normal specimens, and 51% of the metastases. Ninety-six of the 189 primary carcinomatous specimens with increased concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also positive for estrogen receptor protein, whereas 67 of the 72 benign or normal biopsies with low concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also negative for estrogen receptor protein. All five fenign specimens with positive estrogen receptor protein and normal carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations were from fibroadenomas. The concordance between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in the primary carcinomatous tissue was 66%, in metastatic carcinoma 51%, and in benign and normal tissue 85%.
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PMID:Correlation between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in normal and carcinomatous human breast tissue. 18 Nov 80

The S-phase fraction (SPF), defined as the number of cells per hundred that showed evidence of nuclear DNA synthesis detectable by autoradiography after in vitro incubation with tritiated thymidine, was measured in 170 primary, invasive carcinomas of the breast. Assay for estrogen receptor was performed on tissue from 129 carcinomas, and 34 were also assayed for progesterone receptor. The concentration of estradiol-17 beta was measured in the serum of 69 patients. All carcinomas were analyzed for a variety of histologic features and were classified into morphologic types. SPF were lognormally distributed and were negatively correlated with the patient's age and presence of estrogen receptor, but not with presence of progesterone receptor, size of the carcinoma, number of axillary nodal metastases, or concentration of estradiol-17 beta in serum. The SPFs of lobular, mucinous, and tubular carcinomas were consistently low (geometric mean 1.2, range 0.05 to 3.55), and the SPFs of medullary and atypical medullary carcinomas were consistently high (geometric mean 14.0, range 7.77 to 20.2), whereas carcinomas of other types (not otherwise specified) had an intermediate geometric mean (4.7) and a broad range (0.09 to 25.4). The carcinomas that were not otherwise specified could be divided into three groups with different geometric mean SPFs by nuclear morphologic criteria (1.2 for minimal atypicality, 3.5 for moderate, and 7.9 for severe). Therefore it is possible to sort breast carcinomas histologically into groups with low, intermediate, and high SPF. Correlations between SPF, estrogen receptor content, and microscopic morphology indicate the existence of distinctive subpopulations of breast carcinoma that may have epidemiologic and therapeutic importance.
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PMID:Subpopulations of breast carcinoma defined by S-phase fraction, morphology, and estrogen receptor content. 21 52

This study reports a statistical analysis of a series of 337 (of 1200 tested) cases of mammary gland tumors for whom complete clinical information was available; estrogen receptor (ER) content was analyzed at various stages of breast cancer with regard to pathologic characteristics, such as the size of the tumor and involvement of axillary nodes, with respect to menopausal status and age of patient. This correlation study showed that primary carcinomas, including lobular carcinomas, and recurrences or metastases were characterized by similar frequencies of response to the ER test (68% positive, 26% negative, and 6% borderline), whereas normal breast tissue was characterized by a higher frequency of negative results (with only 3% positive, 71% negative, and 26% borderline). A shift to higher ER-level values was seem among postmenopausal patients vs. premenopausal ones. At the same time, an increase in ER concentrations with patient age was observed. In postmenopausal, but not in premenopausal, patients clinical stage of the tumor seemed to influence ER content; for these patients, an increase in tumor size was accompanied by a decrease in ER levels. The apparent association constant of the receptors does not appear to be related to either the type of tumor tissue or the clinical stage of the tumor, age, or menopausal status of the patient.
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PMID:Clinical data and estradiol receptor evaluation in breast cancer biopsies. 46 74

The estrogen receptor (ER) level in carcinoma of the breast is a useful predictor of response to hormonal therapy. Metastatic disease may not have the same level of ER as the primary. In a series of 37 patients who had simultaneous ER determination in both primary neoplasm and regional nodal metastasis there was 81% agreement. The true ER character of the tumor would have been missed in seven patients if only the primary tumor had been sampled. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. We feel that the nodal metastatic deposit may reflect the true nature of the ER status because it represents a purer concentration of tumor cells as well as representing the aggressive element of the tumor.
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PMID:Comparison of estrogen receptor levels in primary and regional metastatic carcinoma of the breast. 46 82


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