Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a total of 70 malignant melanomas we searched for dendritic-branched fluorescent pigment cells. Hereby we found that dendritic-branched tumor cells are especially characteristic in cases of lentigo maligna. In the flat parts of these lesions, these cells are the predominant cell type. Dendrites in the pseudonests or nodular parts of lentigo maligna can only seldom be detected. The prevailing cell type in superficial spreading melanoma and in primary nodular melanoma is the round or oval unbranched tumor cell. In some cases of nodular melanoma, cells with short dendrites could be seen. In superficial spreading melanoma, dendritic tumor cells could be observed particularly in such tumor parts, in which the malignant cells were scattered between the keratinocytes. Melanocytes can evidently produce dendrites between cells of the sebaceous gland. In the marginal parts or in parts of regression of some superficial spreading melanomas, a great area of dendritic tumor cells could also be detected in the basal parts of the epidermis. Altogether, however, in superficial spreading melanoma and in nodular melanoma they occur only rarely. Dendritic-branched cells are also visible in lymph-node metastases of SSM and NM. The fact that the dendritic tumor cells can be observed in all 3 types of tumors (according to Clark and coworkers) gives a rise to a new discussion of the dualistic theory of melanoma-histogenesis of Mishima. Although this theory could not be disproved, up to now on the basis of the present results, an unitarian development of all types of mnelanoma from melanocytes seems to be possible.
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PMID:Melanin-producing dendritic cells and histogenesis of malignant melanoma. 100 13

This is a report on first experiences with epifocal DNCB therapy of Malek-Mansour in metastases and primary tumors of melanoma. Clinical, histological, and fluorescencemicroscopical documentation of six cases with melanoma metastases and twelve cases with primary melanomas, treated epifocally with DNCB (solution or ointment) are given. Metastases of melanoma react variably to DNCB, whereas primary tumors especially flat forms the SSM with or without invasion, usually disappeare totally after four to twelve DNCB applications. The results of Malek-Mansour et al. could be confirmed. During the DNCB treatment, which does not require a preceding sensibilization, initial caustic effects, chemosurgical effects, and a longterm "immuno-chirurgical" effect must be distinguished. An apparent immunological effect of treatment is shown by the therapeutical reaction of non-treated metastases. A sensitization to DNCB occurred also in all cases of older patients. Recurrences of melanoma, which could be due to the new method of therapie, did not occur within 18 months.
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PMID:[The nonspecific epifocal Malek-Mansour immunotherapy of malignant cutaneous melanoma using DNCB]. 101 Jul 45

Ninety-three patients with stage I primary cutaneous malignant melanoma of the lower limb were treated by wide local excision and hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion with melphalan (L-phenylalanine dihydrochloride) in a prospective non-randomized study between 1976 and 1982. Eighteen patients (19.4%) developed recurrent melanoma. Nine had recurrent regional disease, one with in transit metastases and eight with positive regional nodes. Nine patients developed distant metastases. No patient had locally recurrent disease. This series confirmed the close correlation between tumour microstaging, melanoma recurrence and survival. Seventy-nine per cent of patients were disease-free at 5 years. Males had deeper lesions (mean 4.56 mm) and increased recurrence (33%) than females (mean 3.36 mm and 13%). Superficial spreading melanoma had the most favourable prognosis of the three histological types. Overall survival was 83% (female 86%; males 64%) at 5 years. Significant morbidity occurred in two patients with deep vein thrombosis. Adjuvant therapy using hyperthermic regional perfusion provides improved local and intransit control of limb melanoma.
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PMID:Prophylactic hyperthermic limb perfusion in stage I melanoma. 304 34

Three cases of cancer treated with SSM (Special Substance, Maruyama: a polysaccharide extract from Mycobacterium tuberculosis) for a long period were studied pathologically following biopsies and autopsies. The most significant antitumor activity resulting from SSM treatment was found to be collagenation from stromal cells and the cancer cells themselves. Another significant finding was that collagenation was promoted by macrophages which had been stimulated non-specifically. However, it was apparent that SSM-A or B had to be used efficiently and quickly in order to prevent invasion or metastasis of cancer. Collagenation due to SSM treatment was more marked in metastatic cancer lesions in the liver than those in the lung. In a case of breast cancer reported in a previous investigation of SSM treatment, remarkable calcification was found in a metastatic cancer lesion which had become confined through collagenation, thus preventing cancer cell metastasis. The collagenation of cancerous lesions through SSM treatment resembled the healing of caseous tuberculosis lesions through a similar mechanism.
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PMID:Pathological studies on three cases of cancer treated with polysaccharides from human-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antitumor activity through collagen fiber proliferation. 312 56

207 patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma were admitted between August 1, 1988 and July 31, 1992 for local excision and treatment. The female to male ratio was 1.4:1 and the peak age was in the seventies. The most frequent site in males was the back and in females the legs. Superficial spreading melanoma was the most frequent type (40%); there was also a high rate of nodular melanoma (20%), particularly in males. Thin melanomas accounted for most of the cases. On follow-up 27 (13%) developed metastases in transit or in regional lymph nodes and 10 (5%) developed distant metastases; 2 (1%) had locally recurrent melanoma and 2 died of metastatic melanoma. There was a significant positive correlation between Breslow thickness, Clark's level of invasion, histopathological ulceration, nodular and acral lentiginous type of lesion and development of metastases. These data may be valuable for public and professional education and in the prediction of outcome of melanoma.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and prognostic factors in cutaneous malignant melanoma]. 755 79

Malignant melanoma is the most serious skin tumor and its incidence is doubling every ten years. Ultraviolet rays represent the main environmental cause of melanoma. Among the constitutional factors identified, two clinicopathological forms of naevus are considered to be important epidemiological precursors: acquired dysplastic naevi and congenital giant naevi. Four clinical and histological types are distinguished: SSM (Superficial Spreading Melanoma), NM (Nodular Melanoma), LMM (Lentigo Maligna Melanoma), arising from Dubreuilh melanosis, ALM (Acral Lentiginous Melanoma). Thickness constitutes the essential prognostic factor. Clinical examination is the only recommended standard assessment. Chest x-ray is useful, and acts as a reference for subsequent follow-up. Other complementary investigations are requested as a function of clinical signs. Treatment is exclusively surgical. The lateral resection margins are 0.5 cm for melanoma in situ, 1 cm for melanomas less than 1 mm thick, 2 cm for melanomas between 1 and 4 mm thick, and 3 cm for melanomas thicker than 4 mm. Chemotherapy is mainly used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. There is no indication for radiotherapy apart from palliative treatment of nonsurgical metastases. New therapies such as immunotherapy and gene therapy are under investigation.
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PMID:[Malignant melanoma]. 992 73

Motility of tumor cells is the rate limiting potential of metastatic cells and is regulated by autocrine and paracrine factors. Autocrine motility factor/neuroleukin/phosphohexose isomerase (AMF) is one of the best characterized autocrine motogenic cytokines. Here we have studied its in vitro effects on several human melanoma cell lines and found that neither cell line exhibited mitogenic response to AMF at a concentration where motogenic response could be initiated. Similar to previous studies on murine melanoma, activation of the AMF receptor upregulated beta3 while it downregulated beta1 integrins at the cell surface, inducing an integrin phenotype characteristic for invasive/metastatic melanoma. The gp78/AMF receptor protein expression in human melanoma cell lines correlated to their in vivo spontaneous metastatic potential. Furthermore, in two out of three human melanoma lines the expression significantly increased in the primary tumor when spontaneous metastases developed (immunosuppressed newborn rat model versus SCID mice). In a prospective study we have also analyzed AMF receptor protein expression in primary tumors of 54 skin melanoma patients using IHC. These studies revealed three types of AMF receptor phenotype: weak, heterogenous and strong expression profile. While in thin tumors weak/heterogenous AMFR expression predominated, in thick tumors the strong expression profile was predominant. The connection between AMFR expression and the invasive/metastatic potential of melanoma was further supported by our observation that SSM melanoma in the vertical growth phase expressed this motility receptor more strongly than tumors in the radial growth phase.
Clin Exp Metastasis 2002
PMID:Expression and function of the AMF receptor by human melanoma in experimental and clinical systems. 1206 3

A 72 year old bedridden, disoriented man presented with a continuously increasing number of blue nodules on his abdomen and both thighs. In addition, he had a melanoma on his left forearm (SSM, Clark level III, Breslow 0.75 mm), which lead to the clinical diagnosis of melanoma metastases. Biopsy of one of the blue nodules showed CD68 positive histiocytic cells loaded with brownish pigment granules and a lymphocytic infiltrate within the deep dermis and upper subcutis. The pigment reacted histochemically similarly to melanin. Melanocytes were absent at these sites. Because of the unexplained clinical and histopathological picture, the patient's history was reassessed and it was learned that the patient had received subcutaneous infusions of apomorphine for the past 10 years for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. By oxidation, apomorphine may be converted into tetrahydroisoquinoline-melanin, which apparently is the cause for the accumulation of pigment within the deep dermis.
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PMID:[Apomorphine hyperpigmentation]. 1256 59

The new monoclonal antibody SM5-1 has been shown to have significant advantages in immunohistochemistry of melanoma over currently used antibodies such as HMB-45 or anti-S100. In this study we compared the immunohistological staining pattern of SM5-1 with that of the more recently described antibodies A103 (anti-MART-1) and T311 (anti-Tyrosinase) in 344 paraffin-embedded melanoma specimens, consisting of 101 primary melanomas (77 SSM, 16 NM, 6 ALM, 2 LMM) and 243 melanoma metastases. The overall reactivity of SM5-1 for all the specimens was 92% (318/344) compared with 83% (285/344) for MART-1 and 71% (245/344) for Tyrosinase. Staining of melanoma metastases with SM5-1 was found in 91% (222/243), but only in 77% (187/243) with A103 and 63% (154/243) with T311, respectively. Staining with SM5-1 was more homogenous with 196 of 243 (80%) of metastatic lesions showing 50% or more positively stained cells within the lesions, whereas A103 and T311 did so in 141 of 243 (58%) or 117 of 243 (48%) of the lesions. With regard to staining intensity of SM5-1, 157 of 243 (64%) showed a strong or very strong staining intensity, whereas A103 and T311 did so in 85 of 243 (35%) or 70 of 243 (29%) of the lesions. Staining intensity and percentage positivity correlated well for SM5-1, because from the 58 very strong positive metastases 55 showed staining in more than 75% of the cells within a lesion. Importantly, 52 of 56 MART-1-negative metastases and 81 of 89 Tyrosinase-negative metastases were positive for SM5-1. Thirty-eight metastases (15.6%) were negative for both A103 and T311. Of those, 35 (92.1%) were positive for SM5-1, demonstrating the value of SM5-1 in identifying melanoma-associated antigen-negative lesions. We conclude that SM5-1 could be of value in immunohistochemistry of melanoma.
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PMID:Differential expression of MART-1, tyrosinase, and SM5-1 in primary and metastatic melanoma. 1614 9

Prognosis of primary melanoma is presently based on morphological parameters, mainly tumor thickness. However, more reliable prognostic markers are needed that allow a better stratification of patients, especially with regard to therapeutic options. Here, a retrospective study was performed on patients with primary superficial-spreading melanoma (SSM, n=44) or nodular melanoma (n=16) of 1.5-4 mm thickness. Thirty patients had survived the follow-up of 10 years, whereas the other 30 patients developed metastases. Tumor sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of regulators of the cell cycle (p21; retinoblastoma protein (pRb)), of the intrinsic or extrinsic proapoptotic pathways (p53; murine double minute gene 2 protein; tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-R1/DR4; TRAIL-R2/DR5) and of Bcl-2-related proteins (Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bax, Bak, Bok), which regulate the common mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In SSM, decrease of Bax and Bak was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis: high Bax was associated with 10-year survival rates of 68%, whereas low Bax resulted in only 26% survival, and high Bak was associated with 10-year survival rates of 62%, whereas low Bak resulted in only 10% survival. Regulators of apoptosis may therefore candidate for independent prognostic markers for primary melanomas. The study underlines the particular role of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and of proapoptotic Bcl-2-related proteins for melanoma progression.
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PMID:Loss of proapoptotic Bcl-2-related multidomain proteins in primary melanomas is associated with poor prognosis. 1670 69


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