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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The article presents a case of a young pregnant woman with vaginal carcinoma who had been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero. Surgical excision of the lesion was attempted but failed. Interstitial irradiation was then applied and proved successful. The patient's infant, as well as two subsequent children, were delivered by cesarean section after normal pregnancies. There was no evidence of metastatic disease or recurrence in 11 1/2 years following the initial diagnosis. Since 1965, a rising incidence of vaginal adenocarcinoma in women who were exposed to (DES) in utero has been reported. These women should be examined regularly after menarche for prompt evaluation and treatment of precancerous lesions such as adenosis, cervical erosion or transverse ridges. Since most of these patients are young, a conservative treatment is recommended. Extensive surgery and pelvic irradiation is indicated, however, in the cases of widespread disease.
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PMID:Vaginal adenocarcinoma in a gravida with prenatal DES exposure. 3 86

A wide range of normal human tissue samples including cervix, endometrium, thyroid, pancreas, parotid, breast, placenta, gastric mucosae, striated muscle were compared with tumorous and non tumorous disorders (thyroiditis, Graves disease, follicular adenoma, thyroid carcinomas, breast cystic disease, fibroadenoma, adenosis, breast carcinomas) using anti-laminin and Avidin Biotin Peroxidase complex method on frozen sections (light microscopy study) and vibratome cut 100 micrometer-thick-sections (electron microscopy study). It was shown that laminin was located in the lamina densa of basement membranes (BM) in normal human tissue and visible on BM like structures around decidua cells, BM were abnormally thick and often multilayered but continuous and laminin positive in intraductal breast carcinomas and well differentiated follicular carcinomas of thyroid, in invasive carcinomas laminin immunostaining displayed an heterogeneous pattern with disruptions and even may completely disappeared, in tumor stroma, blood vessels BM had a laminin abnormal staining with a multilayered pattern. Since laminin is involved in cell attachment to basement membrane through specific receptors to laminin and to biochemical components of modified interstitium found in tumorous disorders, laminin immunohistochemical detection constitutes a valuable method for a better understanding of tumor cells diffusion and metastases development.
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PMID:[Immunocytochemical detection of laminin by light and electron microscopy: study of changes in the basement membrane in tumor pathology]. 389 29

Clinical and pathological features of 135 tubular carcinomas are discussed. Tumor size varied from 0.2 to 2.5 cm with a mean diameter of 0.9 cm. In situ carcinoma was found associated with tubular cancer in 86 cases (63.6%). In 82 of 86 (95.3%) it was of micropapillary/cribriform intraductal type. Twelve of 109 patients in whom axillary dissection was performed were found to have axillary metastases. Six patients (4%) developed recurrent or disseminated metastatic carcinoma during a mean follow-up period of 7.2 years. Two of these patients are dead of disease. Tubular carcinoma should be distinguished from microglandular adenosis, an uncommon form of sclerosing adenosis.
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PMID:Tubular carcinoma of the breast. Clinical and pathological observations concerning 135 cases. 628 83

Two constituents of basement membrane, type IV collagen and laminin, were studied by immunoperoxidase methods in a group of breast lesions, exhibiting a range of neoplastic transformation. In normal breast, fibroadenoma, sclerosing adenosis, intraductal hyperplasia, and intraductal carcinoma there was intact basement membrane surrounding the ducts and lobules, as evidenced by an extracellular linear staining pattern with antibodies to type IV collagen and laminin. In intraductal carcinoma with microinvasion, there was fragmentation and absence of the basement membrane at the areas of microinvasion. Infiltrating carcinoma and metastatic breast carcinoma were usually devoid of surrounding extracellular basement membrane containing type IV collagen and laminin. However, a few well-differentiated carcinomas showed scattered extracellular deposits of this matrix material. Individual metastatic carcinoma cells, such as those in lymph nodes, contained intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with these antibodies. These results support the concept of basement membrane degradation associated with invasion. Furthermore, at least some metastatic tumor cells retain the ability to synthesize laminin and type IV collagen, but do not exhibit an extracellular basement membrane. This may mean that the metastatic cells are degrading and/or failing to deposit the extracellular matrix.
Invasion Metastasis 1981
PMID:Stages of neoplastic transformation of human breast tissue as monitored by dissolution of basement membrane components. An immunoperoxidase study. 632 85

Thallium-201 breast scans were performed preoperatively in 72 female patients with breast abnormalities detected by mammography and/or ultrasonography (7.5-13 MHz), in order to differentiate benign from malignant breast disease. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Scintigraphy consisted of anterior and oblique planar images of the affected breast and axilla at 10 min and 3 h following the injection of 201Tl chloride (110 MBq). All 201Tl scans were interpreted without prior knowledge of surgery data. Pathological features of breast malignancies, such as tumour size, axillary lymph node metastases, tumour grading, lymphatic vascular channel invasion and receptor status, were analysed for their association with 201Tl uptake by tumour cells. A total of 76 breast lesions were assessed in the study. On final histological diagnosis, there were 56 malignant tumours, 14 benign nodules (9 fibroadenomas, two cases of adenosis, two cases of focal fibrosis and one case of epitheliosis) and six atypical lesions (atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia). Thallium scintigraphy was shown to have high accuracy (92%) in detecting breast cancer, better than mammography (74%) and ultrasonography (84%). Almost all (51/56) breast cancers showed greater 201Tl activity than surrounding normal breast tissue while there was no significant increase in 201Tl activity above background in all but one (19/20) case of non-malignant disease. 201Tl activity within breast tumours, calculated as tumour/background (T/B) ratio, ranged between 1.2 and 2.5 with a mean value of 1.45. In our experience the concentration of thallium in the breast cancer seems to be primarily dependent on vascularity and tumour size rather than tumour grading, lymphatic/vascular invasion or receptor status. 201Tl scan sensitivity was 97% for malignant lesions larger than 1.5 cm (n = 35) and 80% for lesions of 1.5 cm or less (n = 21); however, five of the eight breast cancers smaller than 1.0 cm were also detectable by 201Tl scintigraphy, compared with five out of seven by mammography. Thallium scintigraphy would not be useful in evaluating the axilla for lymph node metastases (sensitivity 27%, specificity 77%).
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PMID:The use of thallium-201 in the preoperative detection of breast cancer: an adjunct to mammography and ultrasonography. 854 93

The objective of this study was to assess the value of contrast-enhanced dynamic breast imaging in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). Fourteen patients presenting with metastatic disease compatible with breast cancer (axillary lymph node metastasis: n = 6; supraclavicular lymph node metastasis: n = 1; bone metastasis: n = 3; liver metastasis: n = 3; lung metastasis: n = 1), who had no evidence of tumor in X-ray mammograms and ultrasound, underwent bilateral dynamic breast MR imaging. Suspicious lesions were localized preoperatively using a stereotactic device for MR-guided localization procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed suspicious lesions in 9 of 14 patients. Histopathology revealed invasive carcinoma of the breast in 6 of these patients. Two enhancing lesions were fibroadenomas; one proved to be sclerosing adenosis. In 5 patients MR imaging showed no abnormality. Follow-ups performed up to 1 year after initial treatment revealed no breast cancers in these 5 patients. In patients with metastatic disease of unknown primary, MRI of the breast depicts the primary in a considerable number of cases with normal conventional evaluation.
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PMID:MRI of the breast in patients with metastatic disease of unknown primary. 1008 18

Malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare lesion characterized by malignant proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells that show characteristic histologic and immunohistochemical features. Eleven cases have been reported, 4 of which showed evidence of distant metastasis. The authors report a case of malignant adenomyoepithelioma in the axillary tail of a 71-year-old woman, one of the oldest patients described so far, and review the literature. Malignancy in the current case was evidenced by the presence of local invasion, high mitotic rate, and severe cytologic atypia. The tumor was associated with adenosis and lobular adenomyoepithelial hyperplasia. Malignant adenomyoepithelioma is a rare neoplasm, diagnosable by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. To date, it has only been reported in women, who ranged in age from 26 to 76 years. Metastases have only been documented in tumors 2.0 cm in diameter or larger.
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PMID:Malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with malignant proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial elements: a case report and review of the literature. 1074 27

Five hundred consecutive breast carcinomas from the first screening round of the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project were studied quantitatively and semiquantitatively for features relevant to the diagnosis of tubular carcinoma. Tubularity was defined as the proportion of tumor cells that were adjacent to an open lumen. Nuclear morphology and mitotic activity were graded 1 to 3, and the presence of apocrine snouts as absent, few, common, or prominent. In plots and statistical cluster analysis, tubular carcinoma appears as part of a continuous spectrum of morphologies and not as a distinct entity. In multivariate analysis, apocrine snouts had no significant association with either nodal status or deaths of breast cancer. Tumors with 70% or greater tubularity by our definition and mitosis and nuclear grades 1 were not associated with either nodal metastases or deaths of breast cancer. The question is raised whether tubular carcinoma at the benign end of a spectrum shades into benign glandular proliferations, with particular reference to microglandular adenosis. A uniform and precise definition of tubularity is needed for the attainment of sufficient collective experience to delimit tubular carcinoma both from more aggressive carcinomas and from benign proliferations.
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PMID:The delimitation of tubular carcinoma of the breast. 1083

The clinicopathological features of six cases of breast carcinomas showing features of acinic cell differentiation, which are similar to those seen in homologous tumors of salivary glands, are presented. The patients, all women, were 35-80 years of age. One case recurred after 4 years, and in two cases axillary lymph node metastases were found at the time of surgery. Histologically the tumors showed a microglandular pattern merging with solid areas. Cytologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally the tumors were very similar to cases of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. The differential diagnostic criteria with microglandular adenosis and carcinomas showing granular cytoplasm are discussed. It seems that acinic cell carcinomas of the breast have to be added to the long list of tumors that affect the salivary glands and can also arise in the breast.
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PMID:Acinic cell carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 1096 83

Epithelial inclusions representing ectopic breast tissue are uncommonly seen in axillary lymph nodes. The extensive histopathologic examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes of patients with breast carcinoma may increase the chances to encounter tiny foci of ectopic breast tissue, which may be misinterpreted as (micro)metastatic disease and lead to unwarranted completion of axillary dissection and to inaccurate staging and improper adjuvant treatments for the patients. Here we report on seven cases of ectopic breast tissue in axillary sentinel lymph nodes. In three cases there were coexistent micrometastases, and in the remaining cases the ectopic tissue was not associated with metastatic disease. The ectopic breast tissue showed remarkably varied morphologic features, including apocrine metaplasia and proliferative changes indistinguishable from those occurring in sclerosing adenosis and florid epithelial hyperplasia of the breast. A peripheral layer of myoepithelial cells was consistently detected in the ectopic glands and ducts. Besides awareness and purely morphologic criteria, a false-positive identification of these inclusions as metastatic carcinoma may be avoided by the use of immunohistochemical reactions for the localization of specific markers of the myoepithelial cell component, which is associated with the ectopic breast tissue.
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PMID:Ectopic breast tissue as a possible cause of false-positive axillary sentinel lymph node biopsies. 1265 37


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