Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histological and electron-microscopic study of the lungs of 15 patients who had been treated with bleomycin for advanced squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated marked histological changes in nine. They were typical of bleomycin effects: alveolitis, intra-alveolar and interstitial oedema, pulmonary hyaline membranes, disseminated intravascular coagulation, intraalveolar and interstitial fibrosis, atelectasis, metaplasia and dysplasia of the alveolar lining cells. These lesions had a focal distribution, preferentially in the subpleural and periseptal regions. Each of these lesions alone is a non-characteristic reaction, but their combination makes it a distinct entity (bleomycin lung). Three different clinical courses were noted: (1) cases with no or little abnormality; (2) acute form during or shortly after bleomycin treatment; (3) chronic, progressive form of bleomycin lung which may end fatally as late as 1 1/2 years after bleomycin treatment had been discontinued. Squamous cell metaplasia is the most characteristic sign of bleomycin lung. It should not be confused with pulmonary metastases. To prove the diagnosis of bleomycin lung often requires systematic histological investigation. A schema of the pathogenesis of the bleomycin lung is proposed in which the formation of microthrombi plays an important part.
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PMID:[Bleomycin lung (author's transl)]. 6 49

Experimental carcinomas in the glandular stomach of rats were induced by oral administration of MNNG (M-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 35 weeks or ENNG (N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 20 weeks. Rats were killed at different times after beginning of carcinogen treatment and tissue specimens were prepared for histologic investigation. Particular interest was placed on the development of tumors and on pathological findings possibly contributing to early diagnosis of stomach cancer. During the development of tumors, several dysplastic reactions were observed in the antral mucosa. They could be classified into 4 groups: One was regenerative hyperplasia (1) that meant irregular glandular proliferations without cell atypism at the margin of erosions and ulcers. This lesion was mainly found 1-9 weeks after administration of MNNG. In glandular hyperplasia (2) either crypts or glands were extended and mucosal layers were thickened. No signs of cell atypism were observed. This lesion was mainly found 12-17 weeks after administration of MNNG. Dysplasia (3) was combined with considerable structural modifications and cellular atypism. However, this lesion was limited to the mucosal layer. Neoplastic changes (4) were characterized by marked cellular atypism and extension to tunica submucosa and tunica serosa. Some tumors showed the histological patterns of benign tumors, but most of them were adenocarcinomas. In some cases metastases into pancreas, liver and lymph nodes and in one case into the 12th rib were observed. No particular enzyme patterns were found by histochemistry.
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PMID:Development of tumors in the glandular stomach of rats after oral administration of carcinogens. I. Histological findings. 13 28

Tissue samples from 166 primary and 136 metastatic breast cancers were analysed for the presence of estrogen receptors. It was found by measuring the affinity of the cytoplasmic fraction of these samples for 3H-estradiol-17 beta that receptors were present in 72 p. 100 and 54 p. 100 of primary and metastatic cancers respectively. Receptor concentration varied among sample in an apparently continuous distribution from zero to 2,080 femtomoles per mg tissue protein. This suggests that mammary tumors are different from one another more in a quantitative than in a qualitative way. Detectable amounts of receptors were found in samples from mammary dysplasia, fibroadenomas as well as from one papilloma; none was detected in samples from non-tumorous mammary gland, nipple areola or skin. At mastectomy, no correlation was found between presence or absence of receptors in the primary tumors, and presence or absence of metastatic axillary nodes. On the other hand both the primary and its axillary metastases almost always displayed the same characteristic as far as presence or absence of receptors was concerned. Analysis of clinical studies reported seems to indicate that women with advanced breast cancer respond in a fair proportion of cases to various endocrine treatments when tumor tissue biopsies contain estrogen receptors whereas the probability of a response is very low in their absence.
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PMID:[Hormonal receptors of malignant breast tumors]. 17 52

Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-polyphosphate or 99mTc-pyrophosphate was carried out in 54 children suspected of bone disease. Signs of skeletal metastases were recognized in 13 children by scintigraphy whereas X-ray examination showed lesions in only 10 of these. In 5 children with primary osteosarcoma, three cases of fibrous dysplasia, and 4 cases of osteomyelitis, the lesions were clearly demonstrated by scintigraphy. Abnormal accumulation of radioactivity in soft tissue lesions was observed in primary adrenal neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's granuloma, and metastatic Burkitt's lymphoma. Several cases are reported, and the value of bone scintigraphy in children is discussed.
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PMID:Bone scintigraphy in children. 18 23

The clinical and pathologic findings of four cases of cystic nephroma (so-called "renal multilocular cyst") in four infants nephrectomized with the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor are presented. Each lesion consisted of an encapsulated mass composed of cysts separated by thin septa. Histologically the cysts were lined by epithelium, and the septa contained foci of immature metanephric blastema (abundant in one case and sparse in another). rhabdomyocytes and mature tubules. Neither embryonic ducts nor cartilage were seen. One cystic lesion was adjacent to a nephroblastoma which formed a separate nodule. No recurrences of metastases developed, and the only death was due to postoperative sepsis. These lesions are considered by some authors to be dysplasia, while others interpret them as benign neoplasms. Our findings and a review of the literature probably represent the differentiated counterpart of nephroblastoma.
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PMID:Cystic nephroma. 19 49

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma arose in the proimal tibia of a 40-year-old man who had multiple, symmetrically distributed, medullary bone infarcts of unknown etiology, involving the distal femora and the tibiae. Despite amputation and chemotherapy, widespread metastases developed and death occurred 19 months after surgery. A polemorphic sarcoma, probably representing an anaplastic malignant fibrous histiocytoma, arose in association with a single medullary infarct in the proximal humerus of a 33-year-old woman. She remains well without evidence of disease five years after treatment by radical radiotherapy followed by shoulder disarticulation. Sarcoma arising in association with bone infarction is a rare entity. Sixteen cases reported in the medical literature, including our own, are reviewed. The sarcomas arose in the tibia in nine cases, the femur in six cases and the humerus in one case. The patients were usually older individuals and 13 of the 16 were male. All but two had multiple bone infarctions. Four of the patients had caisson disease, three had what is probably an hereditary bone dysplasia, one had sickle cell disease and eight had infarcts of unknown etiology. Most patients have had a rapidly fatal outcome. Thirteen of the sarcomas have been fibrosarcomas or malignant fibrous histiocytomas, both of which are rare primary bone tumors. Analysis of the published cases of bone infarction-related sarcomas suggests that the risk of developing a sarcoma is greatest in infarcts with large medullary components.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and pleomorphic sarcoma in association with medullary bone infarcts. 20 9

Differential diagnostic problems between gastric carcinomas and precancerous lesions with severe dysplasia have become more perceptible with the increasing number of resected early carcinomas. Although such problems come up for all macroscopic and histologic types of gastric cancer they are particularly marked between early carcinomas of the elevated type and adenomatous polyps. Elevated early carcinomas are usually highly differentiated adenocarcinomas with a morphology which often reminds of of adenomas. But sometimes the carcinomas also demonstrate convincing signs of being developed from adenomas. The criterion of distinction between intramucosal carcinomas and adenomas is invasion through the basal membrane, often difficult to evaluate. The morphological relation between elevated early gastric carcinomas and adenomas and the criterion of distinction between them were studied in 20 early gastric carcinomas of the Japanese types I and IIa, 6 intramucosal and 14 submucosal all highly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in 42 polyps, of which 5 were of the adenomatous type. All lesions were taken from resection specimens. Among the carcinomas 5 demonstrated convincing signs of being malignant transformed adenomas. In addition, 6 carcinomas had a morphology which more or less reminded of adenomas, but their genetic origin was more uncertain. Nine carcinomas revealed no sign of an adenomatous origin. Among the 5 polyps diagnosed as adenomas 2 revealed an extraordinary degree of severe dysplasia which caused uncertainty on the benign diagnosis. The rest of the polyps were without dysplasia. The significance of invasion through the basal membrane as an indispensable factor of distinction between adenoma and carcinoma in the stomach is discussed. It is concluded that the degree of dysplasia can be so severe and the invasion so difficult to evaluate that the classification of some few tumours depends on the subjectivity of the single pathologist. Four of the tumours, 2 adenomas and 2 intramucosal carcinomas, having a remarkable macroscopic appearance like a large mucosal fold are especially mentioned. Their relation to gastric mucosal prolaps is discussed. Furthermore, a tumour apparently demonstrating only a moderate degree of dysplasia, but even so setting up metastases is mentioned in detail.
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PMID:Elevated early gastric carcinoma. Differential diagnosis as regards adenomatous polyps. 22 35

Eight patients with multiple oral dysplastic epithelial lesions were followed by clinical examinations and serial biopsies for periods varying from four to 22 years. The dysplasias and in situ carcinomas were characterized by persistence, recurrence, and eventual progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. It could not be determined whether dysplasia and in situ carcinoma were separate clinical-pathologic entities with similar end points or whether they were part of a continuum in a spectrum of epithelial neoplasia. The need for close clinical observation and local excision was emphasized because of the multiplicity of lesions and because of the protracted clinical course. Treatment of these patients was problematic because of similarities of the disease to lichen planus. It is possible that they had a premalignant disease process that mimicked lichen planus, or that they had an unusual form of lichen planus for which criteria have not been established. The progressive nature of the disease was exemplified by one death, one patient with cervical metastasis, and one with generalized remote metastatic disease.
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PMID:Oral dysplasia and in situ carcinoma: clinicopathologic correlations of eight patients. 26 62

An immunoperoxidase technique for the histological demonstration of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) was applied to paraffin sections from 74 breast carcinomas and 43 benign breast lesions. Sixty-six per cent of the carcinomas and the only case of granular cell myoblastoma examined were CEA positive. Two examples of mammary dysplasia (7%) showed foci of CEA positive acini. All tumour tissue found in lymphatics and in metastases in lymph nodes was CEA positive, including two cases where the primary tumour was CEA negative, and all the metastases examined from CEA positive tumours. A significant relationship was found between CEA positivity of the primary tumour and the presence of lymph node metastases.
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PMID:Correlation of carcinoembryonic antigen in tissue sections with spread of mammary carcinoma. 36 99

We have described an unusual case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in a 25-year-old white woman who had malignant transformation into a mesenchymal tumor with widespread metastases and features of rhabdomyosarcoma. Masculinization also occurred with high plasma testosterone levels. A mechanism for the development of masculinizing features is discussed.
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PMID:Malignant transformation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. 42 32


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