Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies or primary skin cancers are uncommon, particularly in a grouped pattern. We report a 58-year-old man with a known case of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy after surgical excision of the tumor. Unilateral, grouped, red-brown, vesicle-like nodules appeared on his shoulder 9 months after the laryngeal surgery. The pathologic diagnosis of an excised nodule was metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Grouped skin metastases from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and overview of similar cases. 1499

A material comprising 118 laryngectomy specimens, prepared by whole organ serial sectioning, was analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of histopathological tumor grading. No statistically significant association could be demonstrated between grading and a number of clinical and histopathological variables, including pathological staging, lymph node metastases or recurrence rate. The study supports the contention that the prognostic value of histopathological grading of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma remains uncertain and unproven. Serial sections of the whole organ, processed by routine laboratory techniques, remain important for studying tumor extension but do not contribute to establishing histopathological grading as a significant prognostic parameter.
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PMID:Histopathological grading of laryngectomy specimens. 1608 17

A prospective study of 73 previous untreated consecutive patients with clinically N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from January 1997 to October 2002 was undertaken to determine whether level IV lymph nodes can be saved in elective lateral neck dissection (LND) performed as a treatment for the N0 neck. The incidence of pathological metastases to level IV lymph nodes was evaluated, as were the incidence of regional recurrence after elective LND, and postoperative complications such as chylous leakage and phrenic nerve paralysis. A total of 142 LNDs were enrolled in this prospective study. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes by level was as follows; 13.1 in level II, 7.1 in level III, and 9.2 in level IV. Pathologic examination revealed nodal involvement in 25 neck specimens (17.6%, 25 of 142). Five necks had lymph nodes which were positive for microscopic metastasis in level IV (3.5%, 5 of 142). These necks were all ipsilateral (6.8%, 5 of 73) and none of the 69 contralateral neck specimens had level IV lymph node metastasis (0%, 0 of 69). With regard to T stage, 3.3% (1 of 30) of ipsilateral necks of T2 tumors exhibited occult metastasis in level IV lymph nodes, 5.9% (2 of 34) for T3 tumors, and 33.3% (2 of 6) for T4 tumors. There were no cases of T1 (n = 3). Separate skip metastasis in level IV lymph nodes was observed in two necks (1.4%, 2 of 142). Four cases of regional recurrence (5.5%, 4 of 73) were observed. Postoperative chylous leakage and phrenic nerve paralysis occurred in four cases (5.5%, 4 of 73) and two cases (2.7%, 2 of 73), respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate the rare incidence of level IV occult lymph node metastasis, as well as infrequent nodal recurrence after elective LND in the treatment of clinically N0 laryngeal SCC. Therefore, dissection of level IV lymph node pads, especially in the ipsilateral neck of early T staged tumors or the contralateral neck, may be unnecessary for the treatment of laryngeal SCC patients with a clinically N0 neck.
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PMID:Is dissection of level IV absolutely necessary in elective lateral neck dissection for clinically N0 laryngeal carcinoma? 1614 63

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of factors that could predict the probability of local failure in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with curative radiotherapy. Sixty seven patients (12 women and 55 men) with laryngeal cancer stage I (47 patients) and stage II (20 patients) were treated from 1998 to 2003 with curative radiotherapy and retrospectively evaluated. Median follow-up was 36 months (3-80). Local relapse occurred in 10 patients (15%), regional lymphnodes relapse affected 2 patients. The median time between start of radiotherapy to recurrence was 13 months (3-48). Death due to cancer occurred in 4 patients (2 died from locoregional progression of the recurrence and 2 from distant metastases), whereas 7 patients died from non-cancer related causes. The 2-year overall survival rate was 90% and 5-year OS was 79%. The 2-year local control rate was 82% and 5-year local control was 79%. In the univariate analysis there was a statistically significant decrease in local control influenced by grading (p < 0.0001). High risk group of relapse encompassed patients with at least two negative factors: supraglottic tumor, women, radiotherapy prolongation by 3 or more days and high grade tumor and has 3 times worse local control than low risk group (p=0.0125). The highest risk of local recurrence was in the first three years after radiotherapy than later (p=0.0057). On multivariate analysis unfavourable prognostic factors for local control were gender (p=0.022), presence of 2 or more negative risk factors (p=0.018) and lengths of follow up (p=0.005). Radiation dose, stage, age, hemoglobin level and anterior commissure involvement were not significant factors for local control. Overall survival was affected both in the univariate and multivariate analysis by presence of local relapse (p < 0.005) and follow up duration (p < 0.02). Anemia had borderline significance for overall survival in univariate analysis (p=0.064), but in the multivariate analysis was significant unfavourable factor (p=0.008). Other studied factors (radiation dose, anterior commissure involvement and age) were not reaching level of statistical significant value for overall survival. Close follow up strategy is recommended for high risk group of patients with two or more risk factors especially in the first three years after radiation therapy.
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PMID:Predictors of local failure in early laryngeal cancer. 1628 93

Distant metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx have an incidence of 6.5-7.2%, and most commonly involve the lungs, liver and bone. Metastases to the skin are exceedingly rare, with only 30 cases reported in the literature. Skin metastases may represent the first clinical evidence of impending locoregional recurrence, suggest distant metastatic spread, or rarely, be the first sign of 'silent' laryngeal tumour. They are usually considered a poor prognostic sign and most often affect the supradiaphragmatic area, i.e. the head, neck, thorax or upper extremities. Infradiaphragmatic presentation of metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is exceptional, with only four cases reported in the literature. Here we present another.
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PMID:Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with infradiaphragmatic presentation of skin metastases. 1648 2

We report a case of pulmonary blastomycosis appearing as metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Pulmonary blastomycosis was discovered as right lower lobe subpleural activity consistent with metastatic disease on a positron emission tomographic (PET) scan following total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection for locally invasive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest showed a right lower lobe, subpleural pulmonary nodule. CT-guided fine-needle aspiration of the nodule revealed broad-based budding yeast consistent with blastomycosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a PET-positive pulmonary blastomycosis lesion mimicking pulmonary malignancy reported in the literature.
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PMID:Pulmonary blastomycosis masquerading as metastatic disease in the lung: a case report. 1691 61

PC cell-derived growth factor is a novel growth factor for tumor formation and progression. No comprehensive literature concerning PC cell-derived growth factor expression status and its biological function in squamous cell carcinoma, especially in the larynx, is, however, available. The target of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of PC cell-derived growth factor and the potential of small interfering RNA-induced genetic silencing of PC cell-derived growth factor as a supplementary therapeutic way for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 146 primary laryngeal cancer, 108 adult laryngeal papilloma and 41 laryngeal leukoplakia samples, as well as 10 normal larynx tissues were investigated. The PC cell-derived growth factor mRNA level was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein localization by immunohistochemistry. The biological function of PC cell-derived growth factor was assessed by transfection of small interfering RNA PC cell-derived growth factor construction. The PC cell-derived growth factor protein levels and mRNA levels of the laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas were significantly higher than those of normal laryngeal tissues (P<0.001). Simultaneously, the difference in the levels of mRNA and protein between those of laryngeal precancerous lesions (papilloma/leukoplakia) and those of normal tissues was significant (P<0.05, P<0.05), whereas those of laryngeal precancerous lesions (papilloma/leukoplakia) were significantly lower than those of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (P<0.05, P<0.05). Strong PC cell-derived growth factor expression was associated with lymph node metastases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05). Functional studies on Hep-2 cell lines demonstrated that the attenuation of PC cell-derived growth factor expression levels led to diminished cell proliferation rates (P<0.001), anchorage-independent growth in vitro (P<0.001), tumor forming in vivo (P<0.01) and resistance to apoptosis (P<0.001). PC cell-derived growth factor is a pivotal autocrine growth factor in the tumorigenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings also indicate that PC cell-derived growth factor is a logical and potential target for early diagnosis, specific therapy and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:PC cell-derived growth factor overexpression promotes proliferation and survival of laryngeal carcinoma. 1715

We report the first case in the world literature of laryngeal spindle cell carcinoma metastasising to the orbit. A 65-year-old woman was previously treated for T3 N0 Mx laryngeal spindle cell carcinoma, with laryngectomy and post-operative radiotherapy. Five months following this treatment, she developed proptosis, diplopia and reduced right visual acuity, secondary to an enlarging mass within the right orbit. This was biopsied, and subsequent histology confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic spindle cell carcinoma. Subsequent post-mortem examination demonstrated additional pulmonary, hepatic and cardiac metastatic disease, in the absence of any other primary tumour or locoregional disease. The radiological investigation of patients with laryngeal spindle cell carcinoma is discussed and contrasted with that of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:An unusual case of laryngeal spindle cell carcinoma metastasising to the orbit and heart. 1761 Jul 63

Our group has 25 years' experience in the use of molecular predictive markers in head and neck cancer, on a large patient population, enrolled from a single institution, with a long follow-up, and, most of all, homogeneous regarding histology (squamous cell carcinoma) and site (larynx). Among the most frequent malignancies in the US, cancers of the larynx and uterine corpus are the only types not showing an increase in 5-year Survival Rates over the last 30 years. As far as concerns laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, we can identify several potential reasons for this failure, the most relevant probably lies in the neck. For this reason, a key issue in laryngeal oncology is to assess metastatic potential of squamous cell carcinoma at diagnosis. Nevertheless, the combination of clinical and histological parameters is not sufficiently reliable in the prediction of lymph node metastases. Molecular characterization, by the study of molecular predictive factors, is a clinical approach aimed to define homogeneous subgroups for clinical metastatic behaviour. Defining invasiveness by means of studies on selected molecular markers (among which the most reliable is probably Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)) may be useful in the choice of the most appropriate treatment on both T and on N.
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PMID:Predictive factors of neck metastases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Towards an integrated clinico-molecular classification. 1763 51

The aim of the study was to analyse if work related risk factor had any influence on stage, localisation and histology of type of malignant tumour. Demographic and risk factors and results of treatment of farmers with patients working outside farming were compared. The group included 148 patients with primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) diagnosed and treated in our institution in the years 1999-2002. 84 (56.8%) of 148 patients were farmers and 64 (42.2%) patients worked outside farming. The univariate analysis of demographical and clinicopathological features of the farmers' group versus the other professions group with LSCC showed a statistical significance for sex, age and G stage. Nearly statistical significance was observed for the N stage (p=0.06) and for primary localisation of the tumour (p=0.05). The difference in 3 and 5-year survival rates between the group of farmers in comparison with the group of patients working outside farming and with LSCC was not significant for most of the demographical and clinicopathological features. Local, nodal or local plus nodal recurrence occurred in 15 (21.1%) of 84 farmers during 3 years follow-up. Distant metastases were observed in 7 (8.3%) of 84 farmers with LSCC, 6 to the lungs and one to the liver. Farmers with larynx cancer had different presentation pattern than other profession patients. The incidence of glottic cancer and well differentiated cancer was higher in farmers than in other professions. The prevalence of larynx cancer in women was significantly lower among farmers than in other professions. There were older patients in the group of farmers and relatively less women than in the group of patients with other professions.
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PMID:Laryngeal cancer in farmers from Lublin region of Poland. 1858 74


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