Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conventional histopathologic evaluation of bladder cancer, encompassing tumor grade and stage, is inadequate to accurately predict the behavior of most bladder tumors. Intense research efforts are under way to identify and characterize various bladder cancers and their true biological potential more effectively. The need to predict which superficial tumors will recur or progress--and which invasive tumors will metastasize--has led to the identification of a variety of potential prognostic markers for patients with bladder cancer. The molecular changes that occur in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are numerous and can be categorized into (1) chromosomal alterations, leading to carcinogenesis; (2) loss of cell-cycle regulation, accounting for cellular proliferation; and (3) growth control events such as angiogenesis, resulting in metastasis. It is becoming apparent that the accumulation of genetic and molecular changes ultimately determines a tumor's phenotype and subsequent clinical behavior. The potential clinical application of new diagnostic techniques (ie, loss-of-heterozygosity analysis to identify tumor suppressor genes) and older, well-established, techniques (ie, immunohistochemistry) combined with improvements in the use of automated and standardized systems are areas of active investigation.
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PMID:Molecular markers for diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of bladder cancer. 1175 74

Metastases to the penis from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are rare. In the literature about 300 cases of secondary penile malignancies were described; 35% out of these cases were from primary neoplasms of the bladder. The Authors describe a case of priapism secondary to penile metastases from a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
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PMID:[Metastatic penile lesions secondary to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a rare cause of "malignant priapism"]. 1205 52

Glucose transporter-1 protein (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) are regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and have been studied as putative intrinsic cellular markers for hypoxia. This study directly compares CAIX and GLUT1 with pimonidazole binding in a prospective series of bladder cancer patients and also studies the prognostic significance of the markers, in combination with vascularity and proliferation, in a retrospective series of bladder cancer patients treated in a phase II trial of radical radiotherapy with carbogen and nicotinamide (ARCON). A total of 21 patients with a diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder received 0.5 g m(-2) pimonidazole. Serial tumour sections were stained for pimonidazole, GLUT1 and CAIX and compared. Tissue sections obtained from a series of 64 patients previously treated for invasive bladder cancer using ARCON were stained for GLUT1 and CAIX together with Ki-67 and CD31/34. There was a good geographical colocalisation of both intrinsic markers with pimonidazole and a highly significant agreement in individual patients; correlation coefficients were 0.82 (P=0.0001) for GLUT1 and 0.74 (P<0.0001) for CAIX. In both series of patients, the intrinsic hypoxia markers were highly correlated with each other and a correlation with proliferation was also evident in the retrospective study. In univariate and multivariate analyses, GLUT1 and CAIX were independent predictors for overall and cause specific survival. The hypoxia markers did not predict for local control or metastases-free survival although higher Ki-67 indices showed a trend towards local failure. The data suggest that both hypoxia modification and accelerated treatment may be valid treatment options in bladder cancer.
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PMID:GLUT1 and CAIX as intrinsic markers of hypoxia in bladder cancer: relationship with vascularity and proliferation as predictors of outcome of ARCON. 1452 Apr 62

Patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder classically present with irritative voiding symptoms or painless hematuria. Common sites of vascular metastases include the liver (38%), lung (36%), bone (27%), adrenal glands (21%), and intestine (13%). Vascular metastasis to the brain, without a prior history of chemotherapy, is extremely rare. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with bladder transitional cell carcinoma whose original presentation was from a symptomatic, metastatic, cerebellar lesion.
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PMID:Large cerebellar lesion as original manifestation of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 1455 Apr 65

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has the potential to metastasize to multiple organs, and the vascularity of the penis makes it a potential site for hematogenous metastases. We present 2 cases of transitional cell carcinoma with metastases to the penis, with a review of the published reports involving penile metastases. We also discuss the presentation of penile metastases and relevant management issues in these patients who typically have quite advanced disease at presentation.
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PMID:Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder metastatic to the penis. 1513 96

Primary tumors known to metastasize to the testis, in order of decreasing frequency, are prostate, lung, gastrointestinal tract, melanoma, and kidney tumors. Metastasis from bladder cancer to the testis is extremely rare, occurs with advanced and metastatic disease, and is usually a finding at autopsy. We report a rare, and probably the first, case of solitary and synchronous metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to the testis, discovered on the preoperative workup. An incidentally discovered testicular mass in a man with high-grade, invasive bladder cancer should be considered a metastatic lesion until proven otherwise.
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PMID:Synchronous solitary metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to the testis. 1549 34

We report a case of an excellent response to M-VAC chemotherapy in a patient with pulmonary metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. He subsequently presented with acute neurological symptoms seven weeks after the completion of chemotherapy. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a solitary 24 mm x 26 mm lesion in the frontal lobe. The brain metastasis was resected. The patient was closely followed for disease progression and showed no evidence of disease up to 42 months after surgery. The presentation and treatment policy are discussed. This case suggests that long-term remission may be obtained after surgical resection of a single brain metastasis in patients with disseminated urothelial cancer who completely responded to systemic chemotherapy.
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PMID:Prolonged remission in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder developing brain metastases after systemic chemotherapy: a case report. 1551 Sep 87

TIG3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder represents a highly malignant tumor with a variable and unpredictable biologic potential. The most critical aspect of management requires a detailed discussion with the patient regarding the treatment options. Both the physician and the patient should be willing to reconsider the treatment options as the disease continues to evolve. In most cases initial management involves complete resection of the tumor, accurate staging of the disease, and intravesical immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Rigorous surveillance with long-term follow-up is crucial for managing these cases. In selected cases with adverse prognostic factors immediate cystectomy should be considered. The choice and timing of the decision to abandon bladder preservation and proceed with cystectomy should be continuously reconsidered on an individual patient basis, in concordance with the evolution of the disease (Fig. 1). The goal is to spare the bladder when possible but not at the risk of death from metastatic disease. Radical cystectomy in high-grade stage T1 transitional cell carcinoma offers excellent results in regard to the prevention of recurrence and progression and survival. Improvements in urinary diversion and nerve-sparing techniques have decreased the magnitude of social implications related to cystectomy in most patients regardless of gender. The discovery of reliable markers may contribute to better selection of patients for bladder sparing. Until then, the optimal treatment for the T1G3 tumor remains controversial.
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PMID:Optimal management of the T1G3 bladder cancer. 1586 11

A 67-year-old male presented to our clinic with gross hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed a broad-based tumor of 2.5 cm in diameter on the lateral side of the right ureteral orifice. Under the clinical diagnosis of TCC G2 > G3, T3bNOM0, radical cystectomy with orthotopic bladder substitution was performed. Pathological diagnosis was TCC G3 with sarcomatoid carcinoma, pT2pR0pL1 pVlpN0. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not performed because of his transient poor conditions. Lung metastasis was observed 6 months postoperatively. Despite of M-VAC therapy and radiation therapy, additional metastases to brain and liver were observed. One month later, partial ileectomy specimen for occlusive ileum revealed the same histologic findings, TCC G3 with sarcomatoid carcinoma. He died 9 months postoperatively. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder with metastasis to small intestine, although 6 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with metastasis to small intestine has been reported in Japan.
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PMID:[A case report of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder with metastasis to small intestine]. 1621 7

Primary penile carcinoma is one of the rarest male genital tract tumors. We rarely encounter this malignancy in Turkey because circumcision is routinely performed as a part of the Islamic tradition. Despite the medical paradox that the penis is rarely affected by metastases, approximately 300 cases have been reported in the literature. The primary lesion is almost 75% of pelvic origin; genitourinary or rectosigmoid primaries and penile metastasis from extrapelvic primaries constitute 25% of other primaries. Furthermore, isolated metastatic penile carcinomas are exceptionally rare. The rarity of the event prompted this study, which describes 10 cases of metastatic tumors of the penis including 7 cases with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and in 1 case each of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, adenocarcinoma of the prostate and leukemia. The main characteristics of the primary tumor are described, along with the diagnosis, treatment and the outcome of patients.
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PMID:Penile metastasis from other malignancies. A study of ten cases and review of the literature. 1649 10


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