Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-one patients with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were evaluated and treated at the University of Kentucky Medical Center from 1962 to 1974. Eighteen patients (44%) developed widespread metastases and died of recurrent cancer within 2 years of therapy. Common sites of metastases included the lung, liver, and bone. There was a significantly lower incidence of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in small cell cancers than the keratinizing or nonkeratinizing squanmous cell carcinomas of the cervix. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of unstimulated regional lymph nodes in patients with small cell cancer when compared with the lymph nodes of patients with the other cell types of cervical cancer. These data suggest that small cell cancer of the cervix is a highly aggressive tumor similar to small cell carcinoma of the lung and behaves quite differently from other types of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Radiation therapy was superior to radical surgery in eradicating pelvic disease, but prospective studies need to be undertaken to determine the effect of adjunctive chemotherapy in patients with this rare tumor.
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PMID:Small cell cancer of the uterine cervix. 92 63

A 28 year old white women was found to have a cervical tumor in the 25th week of pregnancy. Pathologic examination revealed a nonkeratinizing small cell carcinoma. After delivery by cesarean section, pelvic lymph node exploration was carried out, and all 15 nodes were free of tumor. Her condition was staged as II-A, and she was treated with local radiation. Metastatic disease became manifest almost a year later and was histologically similar to her primary disease. A Cushingoid appearance was noticed and plasma cortisol levels were elevated. Twenty-four hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) and 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) levels were elevated and failed to suppress with dexamethasone. Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) level was elevated. Electron microscopic examination of the tumor tissue revealed neurosecretory granules. Immunoperoxidase stains for ACTH were positive. The patient's course was one of progressive decline and eventual death. A literature review revealed two other cases in which carcinoma of the uterine cervix was considered to be the source of ectopic ACTH. Some small cell carcinomas of the cervix may arise from cells of the APUD series. Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix may behave differently from the more commonly encountered keratinizing and large cell nonkeratinizing carcinomas of the cervix and may not respond as well to standard therapy. Ectopic hormone production, production of abnormal peptides or of vasoactive amines may be more common in small cell carcinoma of the cervix than is currently recognized, and these products may be clinically useful as tumor markers.
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PMID:Cushing's syndrome with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. 610 40

An extremely rare case is reported of small cell carcinoma of the cervix with a fulminating course complicating pregnancy. The primary lesion was first noted in the 27-year old patient at 36 weeks of gestation. Cesarean section followed by radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection was performed. Brain and breast metastases occurred two months after primary surgery, while adjuvant radiotherapy to the pelvis was ongoing. The patient died suddenly of massive tumor emboli in the brain. The microscopic and ultrastructural findings, immunohistochemical studies and flow cytometric analysis are presented.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with neurosecretory granules associated with pregnancy. A case report. 796 45

Spinal cord or cauda equina compression by metastatic cancer usually occurs months or even years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. We describe the unusual simultaneous presentation of small cell cancer of the cervix and metastatic tumor compressing the spinal cord and cauda equina.
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PMID:Small cell cancer of the cervix presenting as compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina. 952 76

Objective: Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a very rare and aggressive tumor. Most gynecologic oncology centers have little experience with this tumor. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the University of Kansas' experience with this tumor and compare findings with those found in current literature.Methods: Fifteen patients with small cell carcinoma of the cervix were treated at or in association with Kansas University Medical Center between 1977 and 1997. Clinical data including age of patient, pregnancy history, stage of tumor, recurrence, type of therapy, presenting symptoms, location of metastases, and overall survival were studied.Results: Age at diagnosis ranged from 20 to 83 years with a mean of 47. Two patients were nulliparous, 2 were primiparous, and 11 were multiparous. Five patients (33%) were stage I, 3 (20%) were stage II, 1 (7%) was stage III, and 6 (40%) were stage IV at diagnosis. Four patients (27%) had progressive courses without good response to treatment, 7 (47%) recurred at an average of 15 months. The patients were treated with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination thereof. Extrapelvic metastases developed in 5 of 8 patients with stage I or stage II disease with distant nodes, liver, lung, and brain being common sites. Three patients (20%) developed brain metastases. Tumor lysis syndrome was encountered in one patient. One patient was alive and well 80 months after diagnosis and one patient was lost to follow-up. The remaining 13 died of their disease. Mean survival was 22.3 months for stage Ib, 40 months for stage II, 27 months for stage IIb, 8 months for stage III, and 19.2 months for stage IV.Conclusions: Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare and aggressive variant of cervical cancer. Our experience with this tumor raises the question of increased incidence of central nervous system metastases with small cell carcinoma. Present therapy has not significantly improved outcome with this tumor. There is conflicting evidence regarding the etiologic role of an infectious agent. Tumor lysis syndrome is a possible risk when treating these patients.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the cervix: a clinical study of 15 patients and review of the literature. 1083 95

Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare and a very aggressive tumour. Once being considered to be a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma, evidence has proven that most of the tumours express one or more markers of neuroendocrine differentiation. The behaviour of this rare malignancy is different from that of squamous cell carcinomas, with a high propensity for nodal and distant metastases. Hence, there is a need to highlight this histopathological entity.
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PMID:Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a rare entity. 2470 11

Small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) in late pregnancy is extremely rare and often misdiagnosed. We describe a case report of a patient who was diagnosed with SCCC at 32 weeks of gestation. During Cesarean section, a radical hysterectomy was performed; the uterus and cervical stroma were excised, the pelvic lymph node was bilaterally dissected, and the para-aortic lymph node was biopsied. During the surgery, a metastatic mass measuring 3 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm in size was found in the left cervical stroma with enlarged obturator lymph nodes. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with stage IIa cervical cancer. The efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was poor due to the very late stage of the SCCC and the patient died from metastatic disease. Therefore, we suggest that cervical liquid-based cytology, in combination with immunocytochemical and molecular analyses, should be performed for the early detection of SCCC when abnormal vaginal bleeding is present during pregnancy.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the cervix at 32-week gestation: a case report and review of the literature. 2471 86

The neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare malignancy that has a poor prognosis due to early lymphatic and hematogenous spread. We herein report a case of a 27- year-old woman who was referred for initial staging of a neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma with previous unremarkable structural imaging. Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT revealed focal uptake at the primary tumor and in a solitary pelvic bone lesion suggestive of metastases that was further confirmed by CT-guided biopsy. Somatostatin receptor PET/CT may be a useful image modality for early detection of metastases to guide treatment in these patients.
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PMID:Early Detection of Bone Metastasis in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Imaging. 2800 40

To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of small cell carcinoma of the cervix using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients with a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the cervix were included between 1988 and 2012. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models were used. A total of 487 patients were included. Of the patients with known International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and tumor grade, the stage IV disease was diagnosed in 37.9% patients, and 98.5% patients had poorly or undifferentiated histology. The 5-year cause specific survival and overall survival were 33.0% and 29.4%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, increasing age, advanced stage, and treatment by primary radiotherapy were associated with worse survival outcomes. Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare disease with aggressive characteristics and prone to metastasize and is dismal in prognosis. Reduced survival was associated with increasing age, advanced stage, and treatment by primary radiotherapy.
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PMID:Clinicopathological features of small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. 2841 76

Small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma with a high degree of invasiveness. SCCC is prone to early-stage lymph node and distant metastases and characterized by a poor prognosis. Currently, there is no standard treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological factors and treatment models that influence SCCC prognosis through a systematic review and meta-analysis, to improve the diagnosis and treatment of SCCC. A comprehensive search was performed in multiple medical literature databases to retrieve studies on the clinical prognosis of SCCC published in China and abroad as of March 1, 2017. Twenty cohort studies with 1904 patients were analyzed. Meta-analysis showed statistical significance for the following factors: FIGO staging (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-3.24; odds ratio [OR] = 3.72, 95% CI: 2.46-5.62), tumor size (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25-2.15), parametrial involvement (HR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.43-4.05), resection margin (HR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.27-7.39), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.18-3.71), depth of stromal invasion (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.33-2.97), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.14-3.73), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.26-2.12; OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02-2.16). FIGO staging, tumor size, parametrial involvement, resection margin, depth of stromal invasion, and lymph node metastasis can be used as clinicopathological characteristics for the prediction of SCCC prognosis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy tended to improve prognosis. Our findings suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy may be the preferred strategy. However, adjuvant radiotherapy appeared to cause no significant improvement in prognosis. Therefore, the clinical application of radiotherapy and the relationship between radiotherapy and clinicopathological factors need to be re-examined. The results of this study should be validated and developed in formal, well-designed multicenter clinical trials.
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PMID:Influence of clinicopathological characteristics and comprehensive treatment models on the prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the cervix: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2964 78


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