Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Breast metastases from extra-mammary malignancies, especially those mimicking primary inflammatory breast carcinoma, are extremely rare. We report here two cases of inflammatory breast metastases from gastric or ovarian cancer. Both patients, who had prior advanced malignant disease, presented with unilateral breast redness and swelling with peau d'orange sign, resembling primary inflammatory breast cancer or acute mastitis. Breast biopsy revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells or clear cell carcinoma in the lymphatic vessels and the parenchyma without an in situ lesion, similar to primary lesions of the stomach or ovary, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 was of value for correct diagnosis. Since breast metastasis is a sign of poor prognosis of the primary malignant disease, the possibility of breast metastasis should be considered in appropriate patients to preclude unnecessary major surgery.
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PMID:Metastatic breast cancer from gastric and ovarian cancer, mimicking inflammatory breast cancer: report of two cases. 1831 79

The cysteine-rich protein CCN6 [or Wnt-1-induced signaling protein 3 (WISP3)] exerts tumor-suppressive effects in aggressive inflammatory breast cancer. Loss of CCN6 is associated with poorly differentiated phenotypes and increased invasion. Here, we show that reduction of CCN6 expression occurs in 60% of invasive breast carcinomas and is associated with axillary lymph node metastases. Furthermore, low CCN6 expression in invasive carcinoma tissue samples correlates with reduced expression of E-cadherin. In vitro, RNA interference knockdown of CCN6 in two benign human mammary epithelial cell lines (HME and MCF10A) decreased expression of E-cadherin protein and mRNA and reduced activity of the E-cadherin promoter; this reduction was dependent on intact E-box elements. CCN6 knockdown in HME cells resulted in up-regulation of the E-cadherin transcriptional repressors Snail and ZEB1 and enhanced their recruitment and binding to the E-cadherin promoter as analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ZEB1 or Snail blocked the down-regulation of E-cadherin caused by CCN6 inhibition. These data show, for the first time, that CCN6 expression is reduced or lost in a substantial number of invasive breast carcinomas and that CCN6 modulates transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin. Together, our results lead to a new hypothesis that Snail and ZEB1 are downstream of CCN6 and play a critical role in CCN6-mediated regulation of E-cadherin in breast cancer.
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PMID:Inhibition of CCN6 (Wnt-1-induced signaling protein 3) down-regulates E-cadherin in the breast epithelium through induction of snail and ZEB1. 1832 96

Metastasis to the breast from extramammary malignancies is rare. Nevertheless, its recognition is important because the prognosis and treatment differ from that of primary breast cancer. We report a unique case of primary peritoneal serous carcinoma that initially presented as inflammatory breast cancer. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and subsequently underwent bilateral total mastectomy and bilateral sentinel lymph node biopsy. She was found to have extensive intralymphatic carcinoma in both breasts, with only focal minimal breast parenchymal involvement, and residual metastatic carcinoma in bilateral sentinel lymph nodes. Further work-up revealed pelvic ascites and omental nodularities. The patient underwent laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which revealed high-grade serous carcinoma involving both ovaries and fallopian tubes. Molecular testing of tumor from the ovary and axillary lymph node showed an identical pattern of allelic loss, confirming a common origin for both tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an extramammary primary malignancy that not only presented as inflammatory breast cancer but also was diagnosed and initially treated as such.
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PMID:Primary peritoneal serous carcinoma presenting as inflammatory breast cancer. 1929 4

GPR30 is a novel G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (ER) associated with metastases in breast cancer (BC) and poor survival in endometrial and ovarian tumors. The association of GPR30 expression with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive and commonly hormone-independent form of BC, has not been studied. GPR30, ER, progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and HER-2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry (and FISH for HER-2) in 88 primary IBCs. GPR30 expression was correlated with patient overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), pathologic variables, and other biomarkers. GPR30 expression was found in 69% of IBC cases. ER, PR, HER-2, and EGFR were found in 43, 35, 39, and 34% of IBC cases, respectively. GPR30 expression correlated inversely with ER expression (P = 0.02). Co-expression of ER and GPR30 was found in 24% of IBC samples; 19% expressed only ER and 46% expressed only GPR30. Univariate analysis showed no association between GPR30 expression and OS or DFS. However, co-expression of ER and GPR30 was associated with improved OS (P < 0.03) and marginally with DFS (P < 0.06); the absence of both ER and GPR30 was associated with worse OS and DFS (P = 0.03 for both). Multivariate analysis identified ER as an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.008) and DFS (P = 0.02). The majority of IBC tumors are GPR30-positive, suggesting that estrogen signaling may be active in ER-negative IBC patients. These findings suggest potential new therapeutic targets for IBC such as novel endocrine agents or direct modulation of GPR30.
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PMID:GPR30 and estrogen receptor expression: new insights into hormone dependence of inflammatory breast cancer. 1990 52

This clinical report illustrates the usefulness of routine CA 15.3 assay during the follow-up of patients treated for invasive breast cancer. This patient presented an isolated elevation of CA 15.3 eighteen months after initial treatment of inflammatory breast cancer. The scientific committee for breast cancer decided to modify the hormonotherapy, even without clinical or radiological event (tomodensitometry, echography, scintigraphy). The prompt CA 15.3 normalization persisted for more than seven years. When CA 15.3 levels increased again, a positron emission tomodensitometry was performed and revealed pulmonary nodes. The sole modification of hormone treatment, based upon isolated increase of CA 15.3, led to seven years of clinical and biological stability for our patient with probable pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:[Usefulness of CA 15-3 for ten years follow-up of a patient with invasive breast cancer]. 1993 78

CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, being important in the homing of cancer cells to lungs, bone and other organs, is a promising therapeutic target. Our purpose was to determine whether a peptide-based antagonist of CXCR4 would reduce primary tumor growth and/or metastasis in a preclinical mouse model of inflammatory breast cancer. We improved an existing model of inflammatory breast cancer for this study by luciferase transfection of SUM149 cells and the monitoring of such cells in mice by imaging and the luciferase assay. We implanted 2 x 10(6) SUM49-Luc cells along with matrigel into the left thoracic mammary fat pad of nude mice to produce tumors. Our mouse model exhibited important features of inflammatory breast cancer, namely, aggressive local disease, local metastases and distant metastases. To evaluate the efficacy of a CXCR4 antagonist CTCE-9908, by itself or in combination with paclitaxel, we treated groups of ten mice each with CTCE-9908 (25 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously 5 days/week), control peptide SC-9908, paclitaxel (10 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously twice a week), and CTCE-9908 plus paclitaxel concurrently. We assessed all mice weekly by whole-body luciferase imaging to quantify relative primary tumor burden and distant metastases. At the end of the experiment, we quantified primary tumors by weight and lung metastases by luciferase activity assay on tissue lysates. Paclitaxel, a known chemotherapeutic, inhibited primary tumor growth in our model (P < 0.05). CTCE-9908 did not significantly inhibit primary tumor growth or lung metastases as compared to control groups, without or with paclitaxel (P > 0.05). However, CTCE-9908 as a single therapy inhibited organ-specific metastasis to leg (P < 0.05 by chi-squared test and by two-sample t-test).
Clin Exp Metastasis 2010 Apr
PMID:Evaluation of a CXCR4 antagonist in a xenograft mouse model of inflammatory breast cancer. 2022 45

A 75-year old woman presented with diffuse left breast enlargement, redness, edema, and a firm palpable lymph node with skin fixation in the left axilla. The tumor was diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma with a strongly positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) score (3+). She was diagnosed as having inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) (T4d N2M0, stage IIIb). The patient received primary systemic chemotherapy with 4 courses of epirubicin 75 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m(2) every three weeks, then 12 courses of paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2) and trastuzumab 2 mg/kg (initially 4 mg/kg) weekly. Six months after the start of chemotherapy, a left modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection was performed. No cancer cells in the breast specimen and no metastases to the axillary nodes were observed, so the therapeutic effect was determined as a pathological complete response (pCR). This report suggests that combination therapy with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by trastuzumab and paclitaxel was useful for HER2-positive IBC.
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PMID:Successful neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, paclitaxel and epirubicin for an elderly patient with inflammatory breast cancer. 2033 74

A 42-year-old woman presented with localized irritation, erythema and sharp pain in the one breast. After unsuccessful treatment for mastitis, an oncology consultation was obtained. A breast biopsy revealed an invasive carcinoma and a diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer was made. The patient was treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and subsequently underwent bilateral mastectomy. A total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was also performed at the same time due to the presence of a pelvic mass. Morphologic and immunohistochemical examination of the specimens helped to clarify the correct diagnosis of primary ovarian carcinoma with widespread metastases to bilateral breasts.
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PMID:Metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma presenting as inflammatory breast cancer: a case report. 2040 23

Inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is the most aggressive and lethal type of mammary cancer in women and dogs. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pattern of metastasis for canine IMC differed from that for canine non-inflammatory malignant mammary tumours (NIMMTs). Samples from a total of 72 intact female dogs were evaluated in the study. Thirty-nine of these dogs had IMC and 33 had NIMMTs. Different patterns of metastasis were observed between the groups. Metastases to the urinary bladder and reproductive tract were found only in dogs with IMC. In contrast, IMC never metastasized to the bone and there was less frequent metastasis to the lungs, liver and kidney. This metastatic pattern in IMC supports the hypothesis that this form of mammary neoplasia has a distinct pathogenesis. These data have clinical relevance and the observations may have value in consideration of the fact that canine IMC has been proposed as a natural model for the study of human inflammatory breast cancer.
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PMID:Metastasis of canine inflammatory versus non-inflammatory mammary tumours. 2042 49

The key roles of imaging in inflammatory breast cancer using mammography, sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography to facilitate image-guided biopsy for biomarker evaluation, delineate disease extent, diagnose distant metastases, and monitor response to therapy are described in this article.
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PMID:Advances in imaging of inflammatory breast cancer. 2050 6


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