Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, we aimed to clarify the potential of oncogene amplifications as markers for the prediction of (i) (relapse-free) survival, (ii) response to first-line endocrine therapy and (iii) subsequent chemotherapy in patients with recurrent breast cancer. To attain this goal, amplification of different oncogenes (HER-2/neu, c-MYC and INT-2) was studied in primary tumors of a series of 259 patients with breast cancer (median follow-up of 72 mo). Of these tumors, 49.8% did not contain an amplification of any of the oncogenes studied, whereas in the amplified subgroup, INT-2 was amplified in 13%, HER-2/neu in 24% and c-MYC in 20% of the tumors. In univariate analysis, INT-2 amplification was associated with an increased risk of relapse (p < 0.03), especially in the subgroups of 85 node-negative (p = 0.05) and 156 ER/PgR-positive patients (p = 0.01). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that c-MYC was the only oncogene whose amplification was significantly related with the rate of relapse. With respect to amplification in patients developing metastatic disease, who received first-line hormonal therapy (n = 114), HER-2/neu amplification was associated with a less favorable response to endocrine therapy (objective response rate only 17% and a progression-free survival (PFS) of only 4% at 12 mo). Interestingly, distinct INT-2 amplification might predict a better response to endocrine therapy (objective response rate of 56%, and a PFS after relapse of 42% at 12 mo).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oncogene amplification and prognosis in breast cancer: relationship with systemic treatment. 760 64

Oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment (600, 800, 1200 mg/day or changed dosage) was given to 49 patients with recurrent breast cancer from January 1979 to December 1992. The overall response rate to MPA was 38.8% (19/49). The response rate in the soft tissue was significantly higher compared with that in bone metastases or in visceral metastases. MPA was effective on patients both with or without previous treatment. Several side effects were recognized, but they were mild and tolerable. These results demonstrate that MPA is effective when used as first line or second line treatment.
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PMID:Oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment for recurrent breast cancer. 764 26

A patient with recurrent breast cancer, who was diagnosed with eyelid metastasis as a part of systemic metastases and in whom systemic chemotherapy was markedly effective, is reported. A 50-year-old woman underwent a radical mastectomy for stage II breast cancer in October, 1988. Histologically, the tumor was invasive lobular carcinoma. In October, 1993, the patient consulted our hospital complaining primarily of swelling of the left eyelid and restriction of movement in the left eye. Metastasis from breast cancer was diagnosed on eyelid biopsy. On further examination, metastases were detected in the liver, bone, orbit, peritoneum and pleura. Systemic combined chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil was administered intravenously at intervals of three weeks. Complete responses were obtained in the eyelid and peritoneal metastases after three courses, and in the liver metastasis after five courses. Partial responses were also observed in the bone and pleural metastases. The incidence of eyelid metastasis from breast cancer is very low, one case only having been previously reported in Japan and 34 cases abroad. Most of these cases were treated locally by surgical resection or radiotherapy, but the mean survival period was only 14 months, ranging from two months to four years. Eyelid metastasis from breast cancer should be regarded as a manifestation of systemic spread of the tumor and, in principle, treated by systemic therapy.
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PMID:Eyelid metastasis from breast cancer showing marked response to chemotherapy. 787 58

This study investigated the toxicity and efficacy of busulfan-containing pre-transplant regimens in patients with solid tumors. The majority of these patients were also treated on protocols involving two transplant courses aiming at further reducing tumor burden. Between October 1984 and November 1993, we treated 44 patients with recurrent breast cancer (n = 28), sarcoma (n = 10) or ovarian cancer (n = 6) with one of two busulfan-containing regimens. All patients except two had measurable disease prior to transplantation. Twenty-one patients had not received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Of the remaining 23 patients treated with standard-dose chemotherapy, 14 had progressive disease. Busulfan 16 mg/kg was paired with cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg (BuCY) or with etoposide 60 mg/kg (Bu-Vp). The Bu-Vp combination (32 courses) was used as the second preparative regimen in patients who had received thiotepa, carboplatin and cyclophosphamide for their first transplant. The BuCY regimen was used in 16 courses, either for single or for tandem transplant. Bone marrow cells only were used in 17 transplants and peripheral blood progenitor cells, with or without bone marrow, in 31 courses. Treatments were usually well tolerated. Common toxicities included mucositis, skin rash and veno-occlusive disease of the liver (fatal in two). One patient developed generalized seizures during busulfan therapy. Hematologic recovery was significantly accelerated with peripheral progenitor cells and permitted the administration of closely spaced tandem transplants. Two patients receiving sequential transplants with BuCY experienced severe long-term neurologic and pulmonary toxicity. Objective responses were noted in 26 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Busulfan-containing pre-transplant regimens for the treatment of solid tumors. 799 69

The c-erbB-2 protein was measured in sera of patients with breast cancer or benign breast diseases to study the significance of this protein as a tumor marker. The mean value and positive rate for this protein (assuming 20U/ml as the cut-off value) were 11.8 U/ml (0%) in benign breast disease (n = 30), 11.8 U/ml (3.1%) in stage I/II primary breast cancer (n = 64), 38.2 U/ml (29.4%) in stage III/IV primary breast cancer (n = 17), 17.9 U/ml (33.3%) in locally recurrent breast cancer (n = 12), 298.4 U/ml (51.0%) in recurrent breast cancer with distant metastases (n = 51), and 12.9 U/ml (0%) in those with no evidence of recurrence (n = 57). Thus, the serum c-erbB-2 protein level was significantly higher in the distant metastatic group. In patients with distant metastases, there was a close association between expression of c-erbB-2 protein in the primary tumor and the serum c-erbB-2 protein level. On the basis of these results, serum c-erbB-2 protein was thought to be useful as a tumor marker for postoperative monitoring of breast cancer, especially in patients positive for expression of this protein in primary cancer tissue.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 protein in the sera of breast cancer patients. 809 69

Serum bone Gla protein (S-BGP), a marker of bone metabolism, was measured in 60 patients included in a staging programme for recurrent breast cancer. Other diagnostic procedures comprised S-alkaline phosphatase (S-AP), bone scan (B-scan), bilateral iliac crest bone marrow biopsies, and radiological bone survey. The sites of recurrence were bone (61%), bone marrow (46%), soft tissue (52%), lung (13%), pleura (11%), liver (4%), and brain (2%). Radiology and bone biopsy served as key diagnoses as to the presence or absence of bone metastases. The diagnostic efficiency of B-scan and S-AP was greater than that of S-BGP, and the result of BGP measurement was associated with neither extent nor number of bone metastases. However, the BGP values were significantly lower in patients who had visceral metastases, and the median duration of survival after recurrence was 13 months for patients with low S-BGP levels (= < 2.0 nmol l-1), compared to 18 months for patients with medium S-BGP values (2.0-2.9 nmol l-1), and 25 months for patients with high values (> 3.0 nmol l-1) (p = 0.19). Analyses of the simultaneous effect of univariate prognostic factors were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. S-alkaline phosphatase (S-AP) and S-BGP were the only significant, independent prognostic factors.
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PMID:The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum bone Gla protein (osteocalcin) in patients with recurrent breast cancer. 821 Sep 65

A 58-year-old woman with multiple organ metastases from breast cancer who had undergone radical mastectomy three years ago, was treated with oral 5'-DFUR 600 mg/day. Complete remission (CR) of lymph node metastasis has been maintained for twenty-two weeks, with partial response (PR) against skin, liver and pleural metastases from 94 weeks of treatment. The patient, who continues to be treated, is well and enjoying a favorable quality of life. 5'-DFUR is considered to be an effective first choice for treating a patient with advanced or recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:[A case of breast cancer with multiple organ metastases in which single low dose administration of 5'-DFUR proved effective]. 843 70

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of the bisphosphonate, clodronate, on the incidence of skeletal metastases and associated morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer. 133 women with recurrent breast cancer, but no evidence of skeletal metastases, were randomly allocated to receive clodronate 1600 mg daily by mouth or an identical placebo for 3 years under double-blind conditions at two clinical oncology centers in the UK and Canada. Main outcome measures included the occurrence of skeletal metastases, as judged by sequential bone scans and radiographs, and the morbidity associated with skeletal metastases comprising the incidence of hypercalcemia, vertebral, and nonvertebral fractures, and bone pain assessed by the requirements for skeletal radiotherapy. The number of patients developing skeletal metastases was lower in clodronate-treated patients than with placebo (15 vs. 19), but was not significantly different. The number of skeletal metastases was significantly lower with clodronate treatment than with placebo (32 vs. 63; p < 0.005). The complications of skeletal disease were fewer by 26% in clodronate-treated patients compared to controls (p < 0.01). Compared to placebo, significant effects in favor of clodronate were observed for vertebral deformities (29%) and nonvertebral fractures (75%), but the event frequency of each was low. There was a small (22%) but nonsignificant treatment effect on the requirements for radiotherapy and hypercalcemia (39%). There was no effect of clodronate on survival. We conclude that clodronate by mouth significantly decreases the number and complications of skeletal metastases in women with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:Clodronate decreases the frequency of skeletal metastases in women with breast cancer. 896 35

E-selectin which is expressed on endothelial cells plays an important role in the adhesion of cancer cells to the vascular endothelium, being the ligand for a carbohydrate antigen expressed on cancer cells. In this study, the clinical usefulness of this protein was examined. E-selectin was expressed on the endothelial cells of the small vessels adjacent to the cancer nests in 63 of the 104 (60.6%) primary tumors of breast cancer. The expression of E-selectin in locations adjacent to the cancer nests was more pronounced than that in distant ones. The mean value of serum soluble E-selectin (ng/ml) was 38.3 in benign breast disease, 47.8 in those with no evidence of recurrence, 49.4 in stage I/II primary breast cancer, 75.8 in stage III/IV primary breast cancer, and 93.7 in recurrent breast cancer. The mean value of serum soluble E-selectin was 106.2 ng/ml in patients with distant metastases, and 50.4 ng/ml in those with no evidence of distant metastases. Thus, the concentration of soluble E-selectin was significantly elevated in the sera of patients with distant metastases. These findings suggested that cancer cells induced the expression of E-selectin on endothelial cells and, that serum soluble E-selectin is useful as a tumor marker having a close relationship to metastasis in breast cancer.
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PMID:Increased concentration of soluble E-selectin in the sera of breast cancer patients. 913

The adhesion of circulating cancer cells to the vascular endothelium is an important at step in the hematogenous metastasis of cancer. E-selectin expressed on endothelial cells and carbohydrate ligands expressed on cancer cells mediate this adhesion. We investigated the clinical significance of such cell adhesion molecules in breast cancer. The cytosol concentration of sialyl Lewis(x) was found more elevated in cancerous tissue than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissue. In the serum, sialyl Lewis(x) and soluble E-selectin were seen elevated in patients with advanced and recurrent breast cancer, especially in those with distant metastases. From the above, we have concluded that sialyl Lewis(x) and soluble E-selectin could be used as tumor markers with a close relationship to the metastasis of breast cancer.
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PMID:Increased level of circulating adhesion molecules in the sera of breast cancer patients with distant metastases. 925 66


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