Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prognostic and therapeutic significance of tumor vascularity was studied in 36 patients with hepatoma or metastatic colon cancer in the liver. All patients had nonresectable tumor and were treated by hepatic artery ligation and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of methotrexate, actinomycin-D, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide. Hepatic tumors were categorized into Grades I to III in the order of increasing vascularity as determined by preoperative hepatic angiography. Tumor vascularity of 15 patients with hepatoma was Grade III in 11 (73%) and Grade II in 4 (27%). No patient with hepatoma had a Grade I tumor. The median survival of patients was 10 and 6 months for Grade III and II hepatomas, respectively, after hepatic artery ligation, and 18 and 8.5 months for Grade III and II, respectively, from the time of diagnosis of hepatoma. Tumor vascularity of 21 patients with metastatic colon cancer was as follows: Grade III in 3 (14%); Grade II in 10 (48%); and Grade I in 8 (38%). The median survival was 11, 10.5 and 4 months for Grades III, II and I, respectively, after hepatic artery ligation, and 17, 14.5 and 7.2 months for Grades III, II and I, respectively, from the time of diagnosis of hepatic metastases of colon cancer. The results indicate that the more vascular the hepatic tumor on angiogram, the better the prognosis following hepatic artery ligation and infusional chemotherapy.
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PMID:Tumor vascularity as a prognostic factor for hepatic tumors. 18 91

In vitro studies have documented the synergistic activity of interferon (IFN) and fluorouracil (5-FU) in human cancer cell lines, and recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of this combination in metastatic colon cancer. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the combination of IFN alpha-2a plus 5-FU in previously untreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. From May 1990 through August 1990, 14 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with 5-FU 750 mg/m2/day continuous infusion IV days 1-5, followed by weekly IV infusions of 5-FU 750 mg/m2 beginning on day 12. Patients concurrently received IFN alpha-2a 9 x 10(6) IU subcutaneously 3 times per week beginning on day 1. The median age of patients treated was 57 (range 38-80) with a median Karnofsky performance status of 90 (range 60-100). Sites of metastases included lung only in 6 patients, liver only in 1 patient, 1 patient had bilateral disease at presentation, and the remaining patients had multiple sites of metastases. The median duration of therapy was 2 months. The predominant toxicities seen were stomatitis, nausea, flu-like symptoms and neurotoxicity. The only grade IV toxicity observed was severe vomiting in 1 patient, though 5 patients discontinued therapy within 2 months because of poor subjective response. With a minimum follow-up of 13 months no objective responses were seen. Thirteen of the 14 patients have had progressive disease and 11 have died. The median time to progression was 2 months (range 0.5-6 months) and the median survival was 5 months (range 2-14.5 + months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase II trial of interferon alpha-2A plus fluorouracil in advanced renal cell carcinoma. A Hoosier Oncology Group study. 142 32

We review our experience with 82 patients with nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. All patients were referred for evaluation of an ovarian mass. The patients had primary carcinoma of the breast (n = 28), colon (n = 23), stomach (n = 22), pancreas (n = 7), or gallbladder (n = 2). The overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was 10%. Five-year survival in patients with metastatic colon cancer was significantly higher (23%) than that in patients with metastatic cancer of the breast, stomach, gallbladder, or pancreas, all of whom died within 58 months (P less than 0.05). Patients with unilateral metastatic ovarian involvement had a 5-year survival significantly better than that of those with bilateral involvement (28% vs 5%; p = 0.003). Five-year survival in patients with disease limited to the pelvis was significantly higher than that in those with abdominal spread (22% vs 6%; P less than 0.04). The 5-year survival of patients with residual disease less than 2 cm or greater than 2 cm in diameter was 18% or 4%, respectively (P = 0.002). This pattern applied mainly to differences in patients with primary cancer of the breast or colon (P less than 0.008). These data suggest that an aggressive surgical effort seems to be indicated in colon cancer metastatic to the ovary, as some of these patients may survive 5 years.
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PMID:Nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. 173 Apr 31

We have established a large library of monoclonal antibodies against a human hepatoma cell line called FOCUS. One such monoclonal antibody (SF-25) detects a 125-kilodalton cell surface antigen found on FOCUS cells. As both the liver and the colon are of endodermal origin, we examined the possibility of expression in colon adenocarcinomas. This antigen was found in all 23 colon adenocarcinoma tissues surgically obtained but was absent in the adjacent normal mucosal counterpart as determined by a direct radioimmunohistologic technique. In the present study, we have established a model for human metastatic colon adenocarcinoma using the LS 180 cell line. Athymic mice were further immunosuppressed by intravenous injection of anti-NK cell antibodies (antiasialo GM1). After 24 h, mice were injected with LS 180 cells either via the tail vein or into the spleen followed by splenectomy. Macroscopic pulmonary and lymphatic metastasis developed within 2-3 wk after injection of cells and 9 of 10 mice died with advanced metastatic disease 2-3 wk later. In addition, macroscopic hepatic metastases were evident in 4 of 5 mice 3-4 wk after intrasplenic injection. Both hepatic as well as pulmonary and lymphatic tumor spread was localized by nuclear imaging with 125I-SF-25. Furthermore, micrometastases were detected by autoradiography 5-10 days later. Monoclonal antibody SF-25 is a potential candidate for tumor localization and the experimental metastatic colon cancer animal model may be useful for treatment evaluation of monoclonal antibody SF-25 either alone or in combination with other monoclonal antibodies when conjugated to radionucleotides and chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:Radioimmunolocation of hepatic and pulmonary metastasis of human colon adenocarcinoma. 270 16

After presensitization with IV hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), neoplasms in the tracheobronchial tree of 18 patients were treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 630-nm light from a tunable dye argon laser system delivered through quartz fibers passed through the biopsy channel of a flexible bronchoscope under local anesthesia. Tumor effect was measured by complete response (CR)--no visible tumor in area treated, partial response (PR)--tumor size or degree of obstruction reduced by more than 50% and some response (SR)--tumor or degree of obstruction reduced by more than 20% but less than 50%. One month or less after 30 treatments to 26 areas in 18 patients, there was 40% CR, 57% PR, and 3% SR. All tumors showed at least some response. Since many of these patients had end-stage disease, the effect on the clinical condition and symptoms were evaluated using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), oxygen requirements, and the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms. One month after treatment, 61% were clinically improved, with an increase of the average KPS from 48 to 61. Three patients with stage III primary lung cancer improved from being severely disabled requiring hospitalization to normal activity with effort and lived an average of 3.5 months. One patient with metastatic colon cancer was palliated from bedrest with continuous oxygen to normal activity with no oxygen for 12 months. A patient with hemoptysis and carcinoma in situ remains biopsy- and symptom-free for 34 months. A patient with hemoptysis and cough from breast cancer metastases maintained CR, biopsy- and symptom-free for 7 months. A patient with hemoptysis from recurrence at the bronchial stump maintained CR, biopsy- and symptom-free for 13 months. Six patients with Stage III primary lung cancer with average KPS of 27 (severe) died in the hospital and lived an average of 5 weeks (two CR, two PR, two SR). One patient with atelectasis of the right lower lobe re-expanded 14 days after treatments began.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy of endobronchial tumors. 294 45

A pilot study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose FUDR administered through the hepatic artery for the treatment of cancer involving the liver. Three dose schedules were used beginning with a dose of 0.5 mg FUDR/kg/day for 2 weeks followed by normal saline infusion for 2 weeks (schedule A). Elevation of serum bilirubin was the sole indication to deescalate to schedule B (0.3 mg FUDR/kg/day for two weeks followed by saline infusion for 4 weeks). Tolerance to this schedule escalated the patient to schedule C (0.5 mg FUDR/kg/day for 2 weeks followed by normal saline infusion for 4 weeks). Eighteen patients were treated, sixteen with metastatic colon cancer, one with metastatic leiomyosarcoma, and one with hepatoma. The patient with hepatoma developed progressive disease after one cycle of therapy. Of the 17 patients with metastatic cancer only 5 patients failed therapy yielding a 70% response rate. High-dose FUDR was well tolerated with only six patients requiring deescalation to schedule B. Elevation of alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was universal. Two patients developed peptic ulceration. Sclerosing cholangitis was not observed. We conclude that high-dose FUDR administered through the hepatic artery is as safe as conventional dose infusion therapy but probably not more effective. The safety of high-dose FUDR infusion therapy suggests that sclerosing cholangitis is association with hepatic arterial infusion therapy is not related to the FUDR dose.
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PMID:Good tolerance to high-dose hepatic arterial infusion therapy. 294 73

The development of biliary strictures simulating sclerosing cholangitis is now well-known. We report a patient undergoing intraarterial chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer of the liver in whom segmental intrahepatic biliary strictures occurred remote from known metastases. The patient remains alive 3-4 years after documented liver metastases with severe progressive portal hypertension, hypersplenism, and fat malabsorption. A table of cases so far reported is given.
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PMID:Sclerosing cholangitis from intraarterial floxuridine. 294 3

A murine colon cancer hepatic metastases model was developed via intrasplenic injection of C-C36 tumor cells in syngeneic Balb/c mice to determine the potential efficacy of vaccinia colon oncolysate (VCO) immunoprophylaxis and therapy with and without low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunomodulation. Mice were injected with 40 micrograms VCO subcutaneously, either prophylactically or therapeutically. IL-2 (Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, NJ) was administered at a dose of 25,000 units intraperitoneally twice daily for three consecutive days, prophylactically, therapeutically immediately after tumor challenge (early), or 9 days after tumor challenge (late). Mice were followed for 50 days after tumor challenge, and mortalities were recorded. Mice receiving VCO alone did not demonstrate better survival than controls. However, mice receiving VCO with IL-2 immunomodulation demonstrated consistently better survival than mice treated with IL-2 alone or controls. The group receiving VCO therapy with late IL-2 modulation (75% survival demonstrated improved survival over controls (0% survival, P less than 0.00001), VCO-treated mice (0% survival, P less than 0.005), and IL-2-treated mice (29% survival, P = 0.07). In vitro assays revealed enhanced NK activity and suggested cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction as possible mechanisms responsible for these biologic effects. Combined VCO and IL-2 immunotherapy may be of potential benefit to patients with metastatic colon cancer, but further research is required to optimize treatment regimens.
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PMID:Vaccinia colon oncolysate immunotherapy for murine hepatic metastases can be modulated with low-dose interleukin-2. Third place winner: Conrad Jobst Award. 326 27

Diminished blood selenium levels have been associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers in man, while dietary selenium supplementation reduces the incidence of experimental colon cancer in rats. However, no previously published data are available concerning selenium and the evolution of colon cancer from benign neoplastic colonic polyps through localized and metastatic cancer. To assess any influence of selenium on this polyp to cancer sequence, we measured plasma and erythrocyte selenium levels in colonoscopically and histologically evaluated patients with adenomatous polyps (group I), locally resectable colon cancer (group II), metastatic colon cancer (group III), and selected colonoscopy negative controls (group IV). We found no difference in selenium levels between groups IV versus groups I or II. Likewise, within group I, no difference in selenium was present for different polyp histologies or numbers of polyps. However, selenium levels did drop progressively (p = 0.028, ANOVA) from polyp (group I) to local cancer (group II, p = NS vs group I) to metastatic cancer (group III, p less than 0.05 vs group I or group II). Parallel changes were seen in both plasma and erythrocyte levels, suggesting that these selenium abnormalities are of long duration, reflecting tissue stores, and therefore capable of influencing cancer risk. We conclude that selenium stores may not be an important factor in the de novo formation of benign neoplastic colonic polyps. Although these data suggest that selenium does not affect the polyp-cancer sequence, it is possible that a subset of patients with polyps and the lowest selenium levels are at higher risk for malignant transformation. However, these human data do not support a significant role for selenium in colon carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Selenium status and the polyp-cancer sequence: a colonoscopically controlled study. 338 7

Cholesterol feeding of rats with colon cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine results in reduced survival and an increased incidence of metastatic colon cancer. As cholesterol may be implicated in the induction or maintenance of the metastatic process, an experiment was designed to determine whether rats with colon cancer would benefit from the removal of cholesterol from the diet. Female Wistar rats were treated with a colon cancer-inducing regimen of dimethylhydrazine (40 mg/kg/week for 10 weeks) while being fed on a standard cholesterol-containing rat pellet diet. After two rats had died spontaneously of histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon at 24 weeks, the remaining rats were randomly allocated in groups of 15 to one of three dietary regimens. Group S continued to receive standard pellet diet, group V were fed on Vivonex alone and group VC were fed Vivonex plus cholesterol (10 mg/100 ml Vivonex). Each group was assessed for survival and incidence of histologically proven metastatic disease. There were no differences in either survival or incidence of metastases when groups S and VC were compared. In the cholesterol deprived group V, however, there was a significant increase in survival compared with groups S and VC (p less than 0.02) and this was due to a significant reduction in the incidence of metastases (p less than 0.05). Cholesterol deprivation therefore benefits rats with established colon cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine by improving survival and reducing the incidence of metastases.
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PMID:Dietary cholesterol deprivation improves survival and reduces incidence of metastatic colon cancer in dimethylhydrazine-pretreated rats. 708 5


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