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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injection of a C5-derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells into the peritoneal cavities of Sprague-Dawley rats induced diffuse mesenteric metastasis following the intravenous injection of Walker carcinosarcoma cells. Intraperitoneal injections of culture medium, histamine, or of trypsin-treated albumin resulted in many fewer metastases. Intraperitoneal injections of the chemotactic factor, unlike histamine, did not alter mesenteric vasopermeability as measured by the exudation of Evans blue into the mesentery. In vitro, tumor cells responded to the chemotactic factor by demonstrating directed migration in the Boyden chamber, by volume changes, measurable in the Coulter counter, and by demonstrating an increased adherence to nylon fibers. These phenomena are similar to the behavior of neutrophils in the presence of their chemotactic factors. All the responses in vitro were markedly depressed by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose, while the cell swelling response was slightly enhanced by cytochalasin B (again similar to the responses of leukocytes). The data suggest that movement of tumor cells from the circulation may be under chemotactic influence in the manner similar to the responsiveness of neutrophils to leukotactic stimuli in vivo.
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PMID:The chemotactic response of tumor cells. A model for cancer metastasis. 725 97

Cellularity, mitotic rate and nuclear size were determined objectively in 47 chondrosarcomas. Grading was also performed, according to the systems of O'Neal and Ackerman and of Evans. The survival rate and incidence of metastases 10 years after diagnosis were calculated. The prognostic significance of the objectively determined cytological parameters was investigated. The accuracy of determination of these cytological parameters by grading (Evans) was also analyzed. Nuclear size seemed to be the best prognostic parameter, while cellularity appeared to be the strongest determinant for grading. Gross differences of nuclear size can be assessed visually, while more subtle, although prognostically significant, differences can only be determined by objective means. The results of this study indicate that the mere determination of nuclear size by objective means may give significant prognostic information, which is equal to, or even better than, conventional grading of chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of different histomorphologic features in chondrosarcoma. 728 71

The observed response to 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy in advanced neuroblastoma after conventional therapy, the non-invasiveness of the procedure, and the high metabolic activity which is frequently observed in untreated tumours led to the concept of substituting 131I-MIBG therapy for combination chemotherapy at diagnosis prior to surgery in patients with advanced disease/high-risk neuroblastoma. The objective of introducing 131I-MIBG therapy as the first therapy in the treatment schedule is to reduce the tumour volume, enabling adequate (> 95%) surgical resection of the tumour and to avoid toxicity and the induction of early drug resistance. The advantages of this approach are that the child's general condition is unaffected or improved before it undergoes surgical resection and that chemotherapy is reserved to treat minimal residual disease postoperatively. Thirty-one children who presented with inoperable neuroblastoma (10 Evans stage III, 21 stage IV) were treated according to this protocol. The objective response to the 131I-MIBG therapy at diagnosis with respect to the volume of the primary tumour, the metastases and catecholamine excretion in urine varied from 72 to 81%, which is better than after conventional treatment. Nineteen of 27 evaluable patients (70%) had complete or > 95% resection of the primary tumour or did not require surgery at all. Only 11 of 31 patients developed isolated thrombocytopenia and, despite the fact that the bone marrow was invaded in 16 patients, moderate bone marrow depression occurred in only two cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:131I-MIBG as a first-line treatment in high-risk neuroblastoma patients. 781 84

The optimum time for a surgical resection of the primary lesion in the advanced neuroblastoma has not been defined properly. Recently the therapeutic results of the advanced neuroblastoma have improved through the use of preoperative chemotherapy. We check on our patients who were affected by this disease in the last 15 years. From 185 malignant tumours diagnosed in our department, 52 belonged to neuroblastomas with more than 12 months of evolution. Most of them were diagnosed during the year after their birth and it was not observed a difference of sexes. The location was the habitual one, except 2 cases of thoracoabdominal tumour and 1 of stesioneuroblastoma the most common manifestation was the metastatic disease. Catecholamines in 24 hours urine were positive in 74% of our patients, and enolase in 100% of the same ones. The longest percentage of patients is distributed in the advanced stages of Evans.
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PMID:[Neuroblastoma in childhood. Review of clinical aspects and of 2 forms of treatment]. 835 22

The effect of social confrontation on the susceptibility to metastatic development was studied in rats. An intruder male Fischer 344 (F344) was introduced to a male-female Long-Evans pair and the behavior was recorded during the first 30 min of a 7-h confrontation session. Mammary tumor cells (MADB106), syngeneic to the inbred F344 rat, were injected i.v. to the intruder 1 h after the beginning of the confrontation session, and the lung retention of tumor cells was determined 24 h later. In this tumor model, metastases develop only in the lungs. Retention of tumor cells and the consequent development of lung colonies are known to be highly controlled by the activity levels of natural killer cells during the first 24 h after tumor inoculation but not later. Twenty of the 21 intruders were attacked by resident males and 19 displayed submissive behavior. A significant increase in lung tumor retention was evident in intruders compared to both control groups: home cage and new environment. The magnitude of this increase was higher in intruders that frequently displayed submissive behavior (indicating social defeat). Pretreatment with the beta-adrenergic antagonist, butoxamine, reduced the effects of social confrontation by approximately 50%, and adrenal demedullation almost abolished it without significantly affecting the social interaction. These findings suggest that the nature of intruder-resident interaction, rather than being subdominant or exposure to an unfamiliar environment, has a marked influence on the intruder's susceptibility to metastatic development. These effects of social confrontation seem to be mediated by adrenergic mechanisms, possibly via adrenergic influence on NK function and distribution.
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PMID:Social confrontation and tumor metastasis in rats: defeat and beta-adrenergic mechanisms. 880 76

We determined the role that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), plays in the progression of human renal cell cancer in nude mice. Low metastatic and low VEGF/VPF-expressing human renal cancer cells SN12C were transfected with the VEGF165 cDNA or plasmid alone as control. VEGF165-transfected SN12C cells produced large amounts of biologically active VEGF in culture that did not affect cell doubling time or confluence. Subsequent to implantation into the renal subcapsule of nude mice, the VEGF165-transfected SN12C cells produced fast-growing (PCNA labeling), large tumors that expressed high levels of VEGF/VPF and were well vascularized (CD3-positive vessels). The tumors produced hyperpermeability of peritoneal blood vessels (Evans blue dye-leak assay), bloody ascites, and short survival time. Parental or control transfected SN12C cells produced less vascularized, slower growing tumors with no ascites. Regardless of in vivo expression level of VEGF, the incidence of spontaneous lung metastasis was low, suggesting that in itself, the expression of VEGF/VPF by renal cancer cells is not sufficient to produce metastasis.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1999
PMID:Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by human renal cancer cells enhances angiogenesis of primary tumors and production of ascites but not metastasis to the lungs in nude mice. 1108 81

Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an inbred mutant strain which accumulates copper due to an aberrant copper-transporting ATPase gene, develop acute hepatitis, chronic liver injury and liver tumors as a result of copper-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, has shown anticancer properties in many rodent models. We investigated the modulating role of curcumin in liver and kidney carcinogenesis in LEC rats. Two groups of 4-week-old LEC rats (n = 60 each) were fed either a standard diet (control) or received 0.5% curcumin in the diet for life. In untreated LEC rats, the rate of acute liver failure, the incidence of liver tumors and of kidney tumors were 32, 100 and 10% respectively, which was not altered by curcumin treatment. However, curcumin reduced tumor incidence at other organ sites (15% versus 0%; P = 0.025) and suppressed formation of metastases (18% versus 0%; P = 0.01). Median survival time was decreased from 88.7 to 78.1 weeks in curcumin-treated rats (P = 0.002). The lack of chemoprevention of liver and kidney tumors in LEC rats by curcumin may be caused by enhanced toxicity and oxidative stress due to excess copper. We conclude that curcumin should be contra-indicated for patients suffering from inherited and acquired metal storage diseases that include patients with hepatitis C virus infection.
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PMID:No prevention of liver and kidney tumors in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats by dietary curcumin, but inhibition at other sites and of metastases. 1262 10

Clinically, infusion of hyperosmolar solutions is used to enhance chemotherapeutic drug penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in patients with malignant brain tumors or metastases. We examined the effect of hyperosmolar BBB disruption on brain permeability of three compounds, 86Rb+, a marker for K+ permeability and transport, [14C]sucrose and Evans blue albumin, using a rat in situ perfusion model. 86Rb+ and [14C]sucrose had increased permeability 20 min after BBB disruption with 1.6 M mannitol. There was no change in Evans blue albumin permeability. Only [14C]sucrose showed regional variation in permeability after mannitol-induced BBB disruption, with the cortex and midbrain having higher sucrose permeability then either the cerebellum or brainstem. These data suggest that the clinical efficacy of hyperosmolar disruption therapy in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents, of a similar molecular weight to sucrose, may be affected by the location of the tumor within the brain.
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PMID:Mannitol opening of the blood-brain barrier: regional variation in the permeability of sucrose, but not 86Rb+ or albumin. 1521 6

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas are uncommon deep soft tissue neoplasms first described by Evans in 1987. They exhibit a deceptively benign appearance, with a whorled or linear arrangement of spindle-shaped cells showing few to absent mitoses. A characteristic, but not specific, feature is the presence of areas of myxoid stroma. Recurrences are common, and late metastases have been recorded. A closely related but morphologically distinct tumor, the so-called hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes, has also been described; both neoplasms share the same cytogenetic abnormality, a balanced translocation resulting in a FUS/CREB3L2 fusion gene. Because of similar clinical behavior and the common cytogenetic abnormality, some authors prefer to consider both lesions as a single entity within the spectrum of low-grade sarcomas.
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PMID:Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: a brief review. 1694 25

In 1942, Dr. Seidlin of the Memorial Hospital in New York was faced with a 51-year- old patient who had undergone a thyroidectomy in 1923 [1]. At the time, the histologic diagnosis was a 'malignant adenoma' of the thyroid. In 1938 the patient returned with overt signs of thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism) and lower back pain. A metastasis was found in the lower spine, and surgically removed. Over the next years the patient remained hyperthyroid and developed more bone metastases. At the time of presentation to Dr. Seidlin, the patient was in an extremely poor condition: he was in severe pain, severely hyperthyroid, and severely underweight. At this time radioiodine therapy had just reached the clinical arena. In 1937 Hertz, Roberts and Evans investigated the rabbit's thyroid function using I-128 [2]. Later they pursued therapeutic goals for e.g. Graves' disease using I-130. They used dosages that we now know would have been merely diagnostic if it were not for a probable 10% I-131 contaminant [3]. Livingood and Seaborg identified I-131 as a separate isotope. In 1942 two groups independently reported on the successful treatment of hyperthyroidism with I-131 sodium iodide [4,5]. Radioiodine was so rare that it was recovered from the urine, purified and re-administered to the patient. The patient responded favourably to the radioiodine treatment, and he received several more courses of I-131. Geiger-counter examination of the patient revealed two previously unknown metastases, thereby indicating the diagnostic capabilities of radioiodine. The patient did very well on these courses: the hyperthyroidism subsided, the body-weight kg increased from 38 to 53 kilograms, and the pains diminished. This report of a potential cure for terminally ill patients fuelled the public imagination to a degree that it hit the political agenda. Effective on August 1, 1946, the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) made radioisotopes available for medical use in the USA. This date marks the beginning of 'atomic medicine', later named nuclear medicine.
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PMID:Use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 1763 Sep 16


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