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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare disease, since only about 50 cases in the English literature and two cases in Japanese literature have been reported. Here we report a case that is the youngest ever described in the literature. A 24-year-old man was referred to our hospital with right dull lumbago and dysuria. He had the same symptom for one and half year before referral. IVP showed right non-visualizing kidney and left hydronephrosis. Form abdominal CT scans and cystoscopic findings a retrovesical tumor was highly suspicious. Transperineal needle biopsy specimens revealed an undifferentiated malignant tumor. His serum Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and LDH were remarkably high and whole body CT scan and upper GI tract examination demonstrated no lesion. He developed ileus and underwent exploratory laparotomy and colostomy was constructed. There was a large mass arising from the prostate which invaded into the peritoneal cavity, and multiple metastases were seen on the omentum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Specimens from the mass arising from the prostate and lymph nodes revealed small cell carcinoma pathologically. A panel of antibodies were used to seek potential tumor markers and to identify substances produced by the tumor cells including enzymes, cytoskeletal components and hormones. And stains were positive for the NSE and chronogranin. An intensive anti-cancer chemotherapy with VP-16 and CDDP was done with minor response (MR) and the serum tumor marker, LDH and NSE, decreased markedly. However, he had expired on the 58th hospital day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate]. 806 70

Oat cell carcinomas arising in the gallbladder are an extremely rare and aggressive form of gallbladder cancer. These neoplasms are morphologically identical to their pulmonary counterparts, contain neurosecretory granules on ultramicroscopic examination, and demonstrate immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, and other neuroendocrine markers. Oat cell carcinomas typically occur in elderly women with cholelithiasis, and pursue a fulminant course with extensive metastases, especially to the liver. The mean survival is less than 7 months. We present a well-documented case of oat cell carcinoma of the gallbladder and review the literature on this unusual entity.
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PMID:Oat cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. A rare and highly lethal neoplasm. 821 21

A case is reported of oat cell carcinoma of the lung presenting with unusual sites of metastasis to the orofacial region. Distant metastases are common in oat cell carcinoma but a literature review did not reveal any reports of metastases either to the hard palate or to medial canthus of the eye.
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PMID:An unusual presentation of oat cell carcinoma. 839 9

Oat cell carcinoma of the larynx is a rare tumor. A throughout search of the literature revealed only 80 cases; the first case in literature was reported by Olofsson in 1972. The tumor often presents in the sixth and seventh decades of life and appears to be highly aggressive and metastases develop early. We have had the opportunity to study ultrastructurally a small cell carcinoma of oat cell type arising in the larynx.
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PMID:[Primary microcytoma of the larynx. Case report, ultrastructural study and review of the literature]. 853 12

A rare case of ovarian small cell carcinoma is reported. Laboratory examination of a 46-year-old woman with a lower abdominal tumor showed marked hypercalcemia. Her condition deteriorated progressively, and she died one month after admission. A right ovarian tumor, 8 cm in diameter, metastases to multiple organs, and intraperitoneal bleeding were confirmed by autopsy. Microscopically, the small tumor cell had rounded nuclei with small distinct nucleoli and a scanty cytoplasm. Small cell carcinoma was diagnosed from these histological features and the clinical course associated with hypercalcemia. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and keratin. Genetic analysis using DNA extracted from paraffin sections of metastatic lesions revealed mutation of K-ras codon 12. Loss of heterozygosity of the p53 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes was not informative. Previous reports have shown that ras gene mutations occur in 30% of epithelial ovarian tumors and significantly more frequently in mucinous than in other types of ovarian tumors. These results suggest that small cell carcinoma is of epithelial origin and may have a genetic alteration similar to that of mucinous tumors.
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PMID:Ovarian small cell carcinoma with K-ras mutation: a case report with genetic analysis. 854 15

Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma has been reported from multiple sites, including the gallbladder. Small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is a very rare tumor, found usually in elderly women and associated with cholelithiasis. It carries a grave prognosis, metastasizing early and causing death shortly after diagnosis. Treatment of metastatic disease with two different chemotherapeutic regimens has been shown to improve survival. To the best of our knowledge, this tumor has not been previously reported in a black individual, or in any subject less than 49 yr or more than 79 yr old. We report two cases: one is the first black and youngest reported case. The second is the oldest person reported with this rare malignancy. Radiological studies such as ultrasound and CT scan were useful in evaluating tumor spread and follow-up.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of gallbladder: report of two cases. 867 53

Small cell carcinoma of the large intestine is a rare, extremely aggressive malignancy often associated with an overlying adenoma. We report three cases of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the colon diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Two of the patients were women (ages 33 and 46 yr old) and one was a man (69 yr old). FNA biopsy established the diagnosis of metastatic small cell carcinoma involving the liver (2 cases) and soft tissue of the scapular region (1 case). In one patient, the FNA diagnosis of hepatic metastases preceded identification of the primary site. Subsequently, the patient was found to have a small cell carcinoma subadjacent to a colonic villous adenoma, illustrating the importance of investigating villous lesions of the colon in patients with metastatic small cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin (especially in non-smokers). All three cases showed the characteristic cytologic features of small cell carcinoma. Ancillary studies performed on aspirated material confirmed the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma in one case. Immunocytochemical studies revealed punctate cytokeratin and diffuse neuron-specific enolase (NSE) positivity of the malignant cells. Ultrastructurally neurosecretory granules were evident. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FNA cytologic report of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the large intestine. This FNA report also demonstrates when a small cell carcinoma is detected in a metastatic site in a patient lacking a lung primary, a likely primary site could be adjacent or beneath a polypoid lesion of the colon.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the colon: a report of three cases. 880 53

Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (oat cell carcinoma) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm with neuroendocrine features. It can appear as a primary tumor in many organs besides the lung, including the colon. We report a case of primary small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the left colon with omental metastases in a 23-year-old man with a history of X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. The patient had a simultaneous primary hepatocellular carcinoma. A literature review of this rare colonic malignancy is presented together with a discussion of the possible relationship of this tumor with hepatic malignancy and immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the colon associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in an immunodeficient patient. 881

The clinical significance of a tumor classification rests in its usefulness to predict the natural history and response to therapeutic intervention of given tumor types. In this context, the importance of distinguishing between SCNC and neoplasms with which it has been confused is evident. In 1990, we re-evaluated a series of 50 patients who underwent a complete resection for tumors in which the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma was thought to have been established. Adjuvant therapy was given to nearly all patients, either pre- or postoperatively. We re-evaluated the histology of these tumors in light of the differential diagnosis described previously and correlated the diagnosis with the survival curves. We found that WDNC of any subtype has a much better prognosis than SCNC. Even locally advanced WDNC has a better prognosis than stage I completely resected SCNC (Fig. 9). Others have reported similar observations based on their own retrospective studies. Preliminary observations on completely resected chest wall PNETs suggest that these tumors also have a more favorable prognosis than SCNC. Given the difficulty in distinguishing SCNC from other tumors described previously, and the fact that most SCNC are treated without resection, the clinician should be familiar with certain features that are unusual for SCNC, and, therefore, suggest reconsideration of the diagnosis. In our patient population, SCNC is rarely seen in a lifetime nonsmoker and is distinctly unusual in an ex-smoker of 15 years of longer. T with chest wall invasion is a very unusual clinical stage for true SCNC. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma can invade the chest wall, but this is almost always in the presence of extensive mediastinal or distant metastases. Clinicians should also be wary of accepting the diagnosis of SCNC when serial radiographs suggest that the lesion is not growing or growing very slowly. Untreated SCNC usually demonstrates some growth over a 3-month period of observation. Finally, SCNC tends to be a chemosensitive neoplasm, at least initially. The occasional tumors that do not respond tend to enlarge and disseminate rapidly. If a tumor neither decreases nor increases in diameter over a 3-month period of presumably appropriate chemo- or radiotherapy, the diagnosis of SCNC should be questioned. Over the last 15 years, several reports have suggested a role for resection in the management of SCNC, especially for tumors diagnosed at an early stage. Other reports may have unwittingly exaggerated the long-term survival of SCNC treated by currently available chemo- and radiotherapy protocols. A careful re-evaluation of the diagnostic material in such cases may lead to more consistent results and the development of more rational therapeutic protocols.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. 900 55

A case of small cell carcinoma of the stomach is reported. A 53-year-old male was referred to our hospital for elective surgery for gastric cancer. Pre-operative examinations revealed no metastases. Gastrectomy was performed curatively, and there were no gross findings of metastases. Histologically, the tumor was composed of intermediate-sized cells with hyper-chromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. These cells were argyrophilic and positive for chromogranin A. A small portion of the tumor consisted of conventional adenocarcinoma (signet ring cell carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma). No lymph node metastasis was observed microscopically. However, 7 months after the operation, splenic and hepatic metastases were detected, and the patient died very soon thereafter. Small cell carcinoma of the stomach is a very rare disease. In literature, only 15 cases have been cured surgically. Among them, only one case had been diagnosed as small cell carcinoma before the operation, which suggests the difficulty of pre-operative diagnosis. The prognosis of this disease is very poor compared with the common type of gastric carcinoma. Considering the poor prognosis of this particular disease, adjuvant chemotherapy might be mandatory in all cases even if surgically curative resection is performed.
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PMID:A case of small cell carcinoma of the stomach. 905 36


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