Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases. 0 19

Forty-eight patients with advanced squamous-cell lung cancer were treated with radical radiotherapy. Thereafter twenty-five received B.C.G. regularly and twenty-three did not. Differences in survival during the first year of observation and absence of peripheral metastases were significantly in favour of the patients treated with B.C.G. There was no response to B.C.G. in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy or cyclophosphamide nor in those with undifferentiated carcinoma.
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PMID:A 5-year controlled study of B.C.G. and radiotherapy inoperable lung cancer. 5 47

Only patients with localized lung cancer benefit from curative resection. Curative radiotherapy is recommended in patients with a resectable tumor in whom surgery is precluded for medical reasons. Adjuvant preoperative or postoperative therapy of any type does not improve the results of surgery except in patients with Pancoast tumor. Therapy for nonlocalized tumors does not affect survival. Radiotherapy has a palliative effect in 50 to 75 per cent of patients presenting with symptoms from either a primary lesion or metastases and should therefore be recommended in symptomatic patients. The palliative effect of chemotherapy is limited in lung cancers other than small cell carcinomas. However, chemotherapy alone or in association with radiotherapy produces remarkable tumor regression and some improvement of survival in small cell carcinoma. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer is still under evaluation.
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PMID:Lung cancer. 7 94

Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ferritin and alpha 2-pregency associated glycoprotein (alpha-2-PAG) were determined in patients with confirmed lung cancer at the time of diagnosis and in serial determinations during and after radio- or chemotherapy. Whereas AFP levels were not elevated in patients with lung cancer, increased levels of CEA, ferritin and alpha-2-PAG were found in more than 50% of the patients. The results suggest that determination of CEA, ferritin and alpha-2-PAG in the serum of patients with lung cancer may be useful to detect metastases or recurrences and to monitor the results of treatment. Furthermore, in this study CEA and ferritin could be demonstrated in extracts of lung tumor tissues by specific antisera.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha 1-fetoprotein, ferritin, and alpha 2-pregnancy associated glycoprotein in the serum of lung cancer patients and its demonstration in lung tumor tissues. 7 56

104 patients with various cancer, excluding malignant lymphoma and leukemia, underwent bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi needle, regular type. In 100 patients an adequate pice of bone marrow was obtained. In 24 patients metastases were detected in the bone marrow. Metastases were found in 10 of 38 (26.3%) patients with breast cancer, in 5 of 17 (29.4%) patients with lung cancer, in 5 of 10 (50%) patients with cancer of the prostate, in 1 patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 with chordoma and in 2 of 14 patients who underwent biopsy in search of unknown cancer. 71% of the patients with positive findings in the bone marrow had clinical signs of bone involvement, 80% had positive X-ray film and 78.9% had positive skeletal isotope survey. Hemogram, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level and sedimentation rate were of no value in predicting whether the marrow was involved or not. No complications were documented following biopsy. The use of the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle for staging and early detection of metastases in a select group cancer patients is suggested.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsy in patients with malignant neoplasms other than lymphomas or leukemia. 11 9

The authors report the data on lung cancer metastases in abdominal and retroperitoneal space organs in 174 patients died due to postoperative complications during 2 months following resection of the lung. Distant metastases were recognized in 32 cases (18.3%). 29 of 49 metastases (58%) were detected in abdominal organs. In stages I-II remote metastases were found in 2 of 32 cases, in stage III--in 29 of 142 cases, i.e. 35 times as frequently. Laparoscopy and laparotomy, performed if indicated, are conclusive surgical methods of establishing the precise diagnosis of the tumor spread, and these allow the elaboration of a rational plan of treatment in lung cancer patients.
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PMID:[Detection of late lung cancer metastases]. 13 11

An associated simultaneous mediastino- and laparoscopy allows the detection of lung cancer metastases in lymph nodes of the anterior mediastinum and liver and thereby the precise determination of the tumor process stage. The procedure is tolerated by patients well. 100 examinations showed metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes in 27 cases, in the liver- in 7. No complications were noted. Metastases were most frequently found in patients with undifferentiated lung cancer. Hepatic scanning by means of radioactive gold was performed in 30 patients. Laparoscopic data correlated well with scannographic findings.
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PMID:[Endoscopic studies in determining the stage of lung cancer]. 14 31

A series of cases of lung cancer were analyzed, with particular attention to the relationship between the presence of lymph node metastases and the prognosis for surgical intervention. The cases are classified into four clinical stages and a detailed classification of histologically proved lymph node metastasis and pleural involvement is presented. Results indicate that the presence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis, especially in cases with squamous-cell carcinoma and negative subcarinal lymph node, does not contraindicate surgical treatment.
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PMID:Surgical treatment for lung cancer with metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes. 17 33

One hundred and seven patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent immunologic testing, and 62 of these patients were randomized to an immunotherapy protocol comparing the effects of Pasteur strain BCG, either alone or combined with allogeneic tumor cells, to the effects of no immunotherapy. Patients with residual disease left at the time of surgery or with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis showed no increase in survival as a result of this form of immunotherapy. An insufficient number of patients with less advanced disease, in whom we would expect the most beneficial effect, have been entered in this study. In general, we were unable to document substantial effects of immunotherapy on the immunologic parameters tested. Only in recall antigen skin testing was there a statistically significant increase in reactivity in the immunotherapy groups. Tests of general immune status appeared to have a predictive value in monitoring lung cancer patients. Anergic patients had a poorer prognosis than did patients who demonstrated skin test reactivity. Patients with normal percentages of lymphocytes (T cells) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 29 degrees C were generally normal in other tests of immune competence. In serial studies of rosette formation, all patients who developed recurrent disease had a pattern of depressed or falling rosette values, and these abnormalities occurred an average of 3.1 months prior to clinical detection of recurrence. Patients with large-cell anaplastic carcinoma were found to have a significantly higher incidence of depressed rosette levels than the other histologic types. Both large and small-cell anaplastic patients had significantly depressed lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and allogeneic cells. Although lung cancer patients have been described as immunologically depressed, they are capable of recognizing tumor-associated antigens. When tested in leukocyte migration inhibition assays with tumor-associated antigens, the majority of the patients in our study were found to be reactive. The use of a 3 M KCl extract of pleural effusion cells from a patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma has given good reactivity and specificity in lung cancer patients of all histologic types. In addition, these patients have been shown to respond in a mixed lymphocyte/tumor interaction to tumor-associated antigens (Dean, 1976b).
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PMID:Immunological monitoring and immunotherapy in carcinoma of the lung. 18 17

In the course of a complete diagnostic work up ("staging") of 404 patients with solid tumors and malignant lymphomas, the bone marrow (BM) was analyzed cytologically (smears) as well as histologically (needle biopsy). 1. In this study both smear and needle biopsy showed an equal percentage of tumor metastases in the BM (14.6% and 16.1% respectively). Considerable differences exist between the various kinds of tumors, and therefore, each type must be viewed separately. 2. BM smear and BM needle biopsy complement each other. Combination of the two shows approximately 20--30% more positive BM finding as compared to each of the methods alone (19.6% positive findings), execpt in Hodgkin's disease.3. In Hodgkin's disease BM biopsy is superior to the smear in detecting BM infiltration. The biopsy yield is not improved on by smear. 4. In patients with oat cell tumors of the lung, the BM smears appear to be superior to biopsy for diagnosis of marrow invasion. The diagnostic yield of BM smears is, however, supplemented by the histology of simultaneous BM needle biopsy. 5. Direct BM examination (smear and needle biopsy) effectively supplements diagnostic radiological and isotope scanning procedures of the skeleton in searching for disseminated BM metastases in lung cancer of the oat-cell type, in non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and in prostatic cancer, but does not do so in patients with other solid tumors and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:[Demonstration of osseous tumor micrometastases: comparison of the value of bone marrow cytology and histology]. 20 27


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