Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma usually presents with symptoms related to local invasion and compression of structures in the neck. We report a patient with intra-abdominal metastases presenting with symptoms suggestive of local gastrointestinal disease. Abdominal CT scan and initial laparotomy findings were suggestive of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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PMID:A presentation of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid with symptomatic intra-abdominal metastases. 145 6

Nineteen patients, 12 females and 7 males, with mean age of 66 years, with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid, were treated between 1976 and 1990. At diagnosis, in 4 patients disease presented as intraglandular mass, in 11 as infiltration of the adjacent structures and as distant metastases in 4 cases. A preceding history of goiter was found in 7 patients. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 9 patients, subtotal thyroidectomy in 1 and a diagnostic biopsy only in 4 cases. All patients received external radiotherapy (4000-6000 rads). Median global survival was 6 months with no difference between patients receiving thyroidectomy plus RT or biopsy plus RT. All patients died of tumor except 1 who is alive and free of disease at 120 months. Combination modality treatment of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid represent, at times, a rational palliative therapeutic approach, even if, in selected patients with early intraglandular disease, total surgery may represent a curative therapy.
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PMID:[Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. Our experience]. 150 69

One hundred twenty-one cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid treated at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, were reviewed. Anaplastic carcinoma is a rapidly growing neoplasm with a dismal prognosis. The mean survival of our patients was 7.2 +/- 10 months. A significant percentage of our patients (35%) had areas of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma elsewhere, supporting the hypothesis that anaplastic thyroid carcinoma arises from preexisting well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Twenty-four of 30 tumors analyzed (84%) stained for keratin, 28 (93.3%) stained for vimentin, and ten (33%) stained for epithelial membrane antigen. Younger patients lived longer than older patients, and patients whose disease was earlier-stage at presentation responded better than patients with metastases at presentation. Radical surgery alone did not significantly increase survival duration over less radical surgery. The role of multimodality therapy needs further evaluation.
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PMID:Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study of 121 cases. 169 18

This report presents a very rare case of a malignant "Triton" tumor developing in the thyroid. Although malignant "Triton" tumors have often been known to develop in cases of neurofibromatosis, Von Recklinghausen's disease, this patient showed no clinical evidence of that disease. Total thyroidectomy including left standard radical neck dissection was followed by postoperative irradiation to the neck. Despite this, local and distant metastases developed four months after treatment and the recurrent foci did not respond to chemotherapy or irradiation. The clinical course of this case mimicked that of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid and interestingly, a minimal lesion of papillary adenocarcinoma was found to exist concurrently in the thyroid gland of this patient.
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PMID:Malignant "triton" tumor in the thyroid--a case report. 196 Sep 8

We investigated the usefulness and limits of serum thyroglobulin, serum calcitonin, and serum tissue polypeptide antigen as humoral markers for thyroid carcinoma in 364 patients with papillary, follicular, medullary, and undifferentiated types of thyroid cancer. In agreement with other studies we found that serum thyroglobulin was a specific and sensitive marker for well-differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. Lymph node, lung, and bone metastases were associated with high serum thyroglobulin concentrations, both during and after thyroid-suppressive therapy with L-thyroxine. Serum thyroglobulin determination was superior to whole body scanning in predicting the presence of differentiated metastases, because patients with nonfunctioning metastases and negative whole body scan also had high levels of serum thyroglobulin. Serum calcitonin levels were increased in all patients with active medullary thyroid cancer, confirming the specificity of this marker in detecting tumors arising from parafollicular C-cells. Furthermore, in medullary thyroid cancer serum tissue polypeptide antigen levels were also increased in most patients. This last substance was found to be increased also in undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Of particular interest was the finding of increased serum tissue polypeptide antigen levels in 15 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer, whose metastases underwent a progressive process of "dedifferentiation."
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PMID:Humoral markers for thyroid carcinoma. 406 37

It is now well accepted that serum thyroglobulin (Tg) determination is a specific marker of disease activity in well-differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. In this study we examined 15 thyroidectomized patients with metastases from medullary thyroid cancer and 10 patients with metastases from undifferentiated thyroid cancer, to determine whether serum Tg measurement could be useful also in these types of thyroid tumors. In contrast with differentiated thyroid cancer, which had high levels of circulating serum Tg, patients with medullary and undifferentiated thyroid cancer had undetectable or low levels of serum Tg. Thus, serum Tg measurements are not useful in the diagnosis of metastatic disease in these patients.
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PMID:Metastatic medullary and undifferentiated thyroid cancers are not associated with elevated levels of serum thyroglobulin. 650 26

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen, (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin (CT) and thyroglobulin (Tg) have been measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 174 patients with various types of thyroid cancer previously submitted to thyroidectomy. Elevated serum TPA concentrations were found in 12 of 13 patients with local invasion or distant metastases from undifferentiated thyroid cancer or thyroid lymphosarcoma, while serum Tg and CEA values were normal or undetectable. In 123 patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer serum TPA was usually normal regardless of the presence or absence of functioning metastases. On the contrary, 14 of 15 patients with "dedifferentiated" metastases from previously differentiated thyroid cancer had elevated serum TPA values, while serum CEA was normal and serum Tg variable. Serum CT was confirmed as the most sensitive marker of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma, but elevated serum TPA values were also found in most of these cases. The present data indicate that serum TPA provides a new humoral marker in the follow-up of undifferentiated and "dedifferentiated" thyroid carcinoma and may also be usefully employed as an additional marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in thyroid cancer. 654 69

Although thyroid cancer tends to metastasize early in children, it is generally associated with a good prognosis. In this study, the expression of p53, mutations of which are found in many cancers, including anaplastic thyroid cancer, was examined to determine the relationship between cell proliferation and the clinical course of thyroid cancer. The clinicopathological findings and clinical courses of 15 children who underwent surgery before the age of 18 years at our hospital between 1972 and 1992 were examined, and the expression of p53 was studied using immunohistochemical techniques and an RNase protection assay. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 1 to 20 years, with a median of 12 years. No abnormal expression of p53 was detected in the thyroid cancer of any of the children tested, and none of them have died. The findings of this study therefore strongly suggest that p53 may play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, and in this capacity slow the growth of and be related to the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer in children.
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PMID:Clinicopathological findings and p53 expression of thyroid cancer in children. 764 Apr 49

An unusual osteogenic anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid developed in a 68-year-old man and showed follicular and osteosarcomatous components. Seven months after surgery and 70 mCi 131I treatment, a local tumor recurrence was found and showed an intense uptake of 99mTc-MDP on the bone scan. After a second operation, pathologic and immunostaining analysis revealed no more thyroid carcinoma but only osteosarcomatous cells. Chemotherapy was ineffective and the patient died with diffuse pulmonary metastases 26 months after the diagnosis. The importance of osteogenic sarcomatous differentiation is proven by the bone scan. Osteosarcoma of the thyroid is a rare but well known tumor. Usually these tumors do not contain any cells originating from the thyroid epithelium and only comprise sarcomatous components. Ten cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of thyroid origin with osteogenic component have been reported. These tumors have been recently included in undifferentiated carcinomas in the second edition of the WHO classification. The evolution and pathologic findings favor the hypothesis of a transdifferentiation of the thyroid cell into osteogenic cells.
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PMID:Osteogenic anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. 811 26

8 patients with papillary cancer (4 with metastases, 4 in remission), 7 follicular cancer patients (6 with metastases), 2 patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer and 4 other non-medullary thyroid cancer patients all received an intravenous bolus injection of 220 MBq [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]octreotide. Planar anterior and posterior gamma camera images of head-neck, chest and abdomen were obtained 24 and 48 h after injection. All primary cancers showed [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1] octreotide uptake; none occurred in patients in remission. The results were compared with conventional radio-iodine scintigraphy in patients with metastasised, differentiated thyroid cancer.
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PMID:Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in non-medullary thyroid cancer. 881 65


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