Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study of 24 children suffering from nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) during the years 1974-1983 is reported. The diagnosis was delayed because of the primary tumor site and difficulty in examination. Cervical lymph node enlargement (83.3%) was the commonest presenting symptom. The diagnosis was usually confirmed by cervical lymph node biopsy. Boys were affected 1.6 times more frequently than girls. In all, 91% of our cases had an anaplastic carcinoma, and 70% were in stage T3 or T4. Supplementation of radiotherapy by intensive chemotherapy even for stages T1 and T2 improves the survival. Survival is decreased by cervical lymph node metastases.
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PMID:[Nasopharyngeal cancer in childhood]. 341 Jul 50

From 1959 through 1980, 139 MO adult patients (greater than 15 Y.) presenting with nasopharyngeal cancer were treated by definitive radiotherapy: 103 (74%) undifferentiated carcinomas and 36 (26%) squamous cell carcinomas. Chemotherapy was prescribed only in case of failure of treatment. Case distribution is the following according to UICC classification: stages I and II: 12%, stage III: 16%, stage IV: 72%. Survival rate is respectively 70%, 45%, 20%. The overall 3 and 5 year survival rate is 46% and 30%. Almost 80% of the failures occur by the end of the second year. Local control is 95% for T1-T2, 73% for T3 and around 50% for T4 cases. Isolated node failure occurs in 2% and distant metastases in 30%.
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PMID:[Carcinomas of the nasopharynx in adults]. 366 64

Bone marrow involvement was found in 21 of 56 patients with undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type UCNT whose nasopharyngeal and bone marrow biopsies were available. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy (cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and bleomycin) were given because of distant metastases. The microscopic aspects of bone invasion were investigated and were classified into three subtypes osteolytic, osteosclerotic and mixed type. The UCNT patients population was 10 years younger than that studied previously. Both the extent of the primary tumor (T) and cervical lymph node status (N) exerted an influence on the probability of metastases developing. Chemotherapy given to patients must be improved because UCNT with bone metastases is a disease with a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsies in patients with undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type. 366 29

The paper is concerned with the results of open field gamma-beam therapy and gamma-therapy using gamma-beam forming agents. Besides, a method of simultaneous chemo- and radiotherapy was used for 175 nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Of them 2 had Stage II tumors, 22 Stage III tumors, 151 (first admitted for treatment as well as those with recurrences and tumor metastases), by local spread and regional and distant metastatic spread, had Stage IV tumors. A single focal dose was 1.4-2.5 Gy, the summary dose 55-70 Gy. In simultaneous chemo- and radiotherapy using gamma-beam forming agents the values of a single and the summary focal dose did not lessen; a single and the summary dose of chemotherapeutic drugs got less and equaled 1/2-2/3 of standard dosages. The chemotherapeutic component of multimodality chemotherapy was indicated with regard to a tumor histological structure. The best results were achieved in the group of patients on multimodality chemo- and radiotherapy. Of 75 patients, a complete or partial tumor resorption was noted in 71. With the use of all the methods of radio- and multimodality therapy the 3-year survival was 41.1%, the 5-year survival 19.4% (34 patients out of the 175).
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PMID:[Results of radio- and chemoradiotherapy of malignant nasopharyngeal neoplasms]. 396 2

During 1969-1975, 212 new patients with Stage I nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with a tumor apparently confined to the nasopharynx were treated at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The initial histologies of 137 patients were available for review and further studies. The primary tumors were histologically classified into two major types--squamous cell carcinoma (35 patients) and undifferentiated carcinoma (102 patients). The latter was further divided into 4 sub-types: lymphoepithelioma of the Schmincke type, lymphoepithelioma of the Regaud type, spindle cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type. Such histological typing of the initial tumor was not of value in predicting the clinical outcome, whether in terms of 5-year crude or disease-free survival rate, or the tendency of the tumor to develop recurrence at the primary site, or distant metastases after a standardized course of radiation therapy. There is no significant correlation between the extent of mononuclear infiltration nor fibrosis in the tumor stroma and the survival or tumor control rates.
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PMID:Prognosis and histology in Stage I nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). 398 61

Lymphoepithelioma (World Health Organization type 3, undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type) is an extremely rare cancer in the laryngohypopharyngeal regions. We found reports of only 6 such tumors in the English language medical literature; 1 of the 6 was from our institution. We report four additional cases seen at the Mayo Clinic. Radiotherapy controlled disease at the primary site in three of the four cases. The neoplasm has a propensity for early, widespread dissemination. Three of our four patients died of extensive visceral and nodal metastases. One patient has survived eight years without a recurrence.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma) of the laryngohypopharynx. 403 31

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is difficult to diagnose in its early stages. It also has frequent recurrences and/or distant metastases after radiotherapy. Extensive clinical, serological and biochemical studies were done during 1980-1982 on 351 patients to aid in the diagnosis of the disease, especially with recurrence or metastasis. Seropositive rates of the antibody titers against viral capsid antigens (VCA) and early antigens (EA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in IgG and IgA classes were 41.7%-100%. They ranked, in order of frequency: anti-VCA/IgA, anti-VCA/IgG, anti-EA/IgG, and anti-EA/IgA. Mean total serum IgG and IgA levels were moderately increased in all patients. Serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and mucoprotein were elevated either alone or in combination in a few patients before treatment, in many patients with recurrence or metastases, and in all patients with liver metastasis.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-associated antibodies and serum biochemistry in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 609 4

An analysis of a group of 78 patients suffering from nasopharyngeal cancer treated during a period of 15 years is discussed. The ratio of males to females was 1.6 : 1, with a maximum incidence in the 4th and 5th decade. There was a predominance of carcinomas (60 patients) over malignant lymphomas (18 patients). With respect to the stage of the carcinomas, the largest group of patients (36 individuals) could be classified as Stage III. At the beginning of the treatment regional metastases were present in 68% of the carcinomas. Nasopharyngeal tumors were treated only by radiotherapy; in the earlier period by conventional roentgenotherapy, recently by telegammatherapy 60Co only. The 5-year survival rate of patients with carcinomas was 25%, of those with malignant lymphomas was 27.7%. Among carcinomas we found better results in lymphoepitheliomas, among the lymphomas in lymphocytic lymphomas. The present study also discusses the significance of some cofactors that may play a role in respect of prognosis, treatment and final clinical evaluation of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.
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PMID:Our experience with the treatment of nasopharyngeal tumors. 675 34

Platinum-based chemotherapy has been used to treat head and neck cancer for approximately 15 years. For patients with recurrent disease, cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin/5-FU combinations have proved superior to single agents in producing higher overall response rates. However, survival rates are not substantially affected, indicating a need to identify alternative new agents with activity. Newly diagnosed patients with advanced stages III and IV disease generally have a poor prognosis. The most common site of failure and cause of death is locoregional recurrence. To improve survival and alter patterns of failure in this population, platinum-based chemotherapy regimens have been combined with surgery or radiotherapy as initial curative treatment. Cisplatin/5-FU chemotherapy in this setting is effective in significantly reducing the incidence of distant metastases as shown in several randomized trials. The sole indication for induction chemotherapy in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer is as an alternative to laryngectomy. The Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group trial demonstrated no significant differences in survival in patients who received induction cisplatin/5-FU and radiotherapy or total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. An alternative approach utilizing cisplatin or carboplatin alone or combined with 5-FU, administered simultaneously with radiotherapy, is under investigation. Pilot data suggest that this approach may be more effective in improving locoregional control and hence survival. Three intergroup prospective, randomized trials currently are comparing sequential chemoradiotherapy, simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, and standard radiotherapy alone in advanced nasopharyngeal cancer, advanced resectable laryngeal cancer, and unresectable cancers from other sites in the head and neck. These trials are designed to definitively address questions of treatment modality sequence and its impact on pattern of failure and survival.
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PMID:Overview of platinum chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. 752 91

After time-consuming and costly investigations, patients with neck metastases from an occult primary often receive unnecessarily large radiation volumes to treat a possible origin in the nasopharynx. In this study a colorimetric antisense Epstein-Barr early ribonucleoprotein 1 (EBER1) oligonucleotide probe specific for Epstein-Barr virus RNA was hybridized in situ to metastatic tissue obtained from 18 nasopharyngeal, 54 oral and pharyngeal, and 12 occult carcinomas derived from an unselected population. All 16 nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) were positive for EBER1. Both cases of keratinizing NPC and all 54 other metastases were negative. A single positive case of occult carcinoma indicated its origin from NPC. In retrospect, 7 patients with occult carcinoma had received unnecessary treatment with irradiation to the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma appears to be a less common origin of occult carcinoma than previously considered. In the proper clinicopathologic context EBER1 in situ hybridization (EBER1-ISH) allows exclusion of NPC with a high degree of accuracy. Thus unnecessarily large radiation volumes and their adverse sequelae may be reduced in the treatment of occult carcinoma. Conversely, a positive result of ISH allows exclusion of further extensive diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Determination of nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma by in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus EBER1 RNA: sensitivity and specificity in cervical node metastases. 753 85


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