Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Only 24 cases of breast cancer metastases to the uterine cervix have been reported to date. The present case present secondary cervical involvement in the absence of concomitant extragenital metastases. The patient did not present with abnormal vaginal discharge and the cervical lesion responded to conventional combination chemotherapy for breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Endocervical metastases secondary to breast carcinoma. A case report. 205 23

Transmissible venereal tumor was diagnosed in the vagina of a bitch. The tumor spread to the oral mucosa in the tonsilar area of a female offspring which was frequently observed licking the vaginal discharge from the bitch. Metastasis to the ovary occurred in the bitch and wide-spread metastasis, especially to the skin, lymph nodes and spleen was recorded in the offspring. Both animals were euthanased due to poor response to treatment. The diagnoses were confirmed by histopathological examination.
 ...
PMID:Extragenital malignant transmissible venereal tumour in a bitch. 726 91

A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the uterine tube occurring over a 12-year period is presented. The mean age of the patients was 54.8 years. Predominant symptoms were abnormal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain. Abnormal vaginal cytology was noted in two instances (13%). A pelvis mass was detected in two thirds of patients. The neoplasm was bilateral in three instances (20%). Lymph nodes were involved in eight cases (53%), and metastatic spread to the para-aortic nodes was present in five (33%). The most common primary treatment was total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Various combinations of adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy were also employed. Six patients (40%) are alive without evidence of recurrent cancer. It is concluded that lymphatic spread, especially to the para-aortic nodes, is a major pattern of disseminaton for adenocarcinoma of the uterine tube. The presence of tumor in capillary-like spaces bears a strong relationship to lymph node metastases, and the para-aortic nodes are a frequent site of involvement even when the disease is apparently limited to the tube.
 ...
PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the uterine tube: potential for lymph node metastases. 728 87

Toremifene is a chlorinated tamoxifen analogue that is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal hormone-dependent breast cancer. It competes with estradiol for estrogen receptors and has growth-inhibitory effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. At concentrations < 10(-6) mol/L, this growth inhibition can be reversed by estradiol, but at higher concentrations toremifene is cytotoxic. In dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer in rats, toremifene has been shown to decrease the number of new tumours and to inhibit the growth of existing tumours. Toremifene causes growth inhibition by suppressing mitosis and inducing apoptosis. The mechanism by which these events occur may involve the induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 (mecasermin). Toremifene is primarily an antiestrogen, but it has some estrogen agonist properties in postmenopausal women. The latter are reflected by the fall in luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and the rise in sex hormone-binding globulin levels that are associated with its use in most women. After estrogen priming, toremifene 68mg administered orally has been found to exert a similar antiestrogenic effect on the vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal women as tamoxifen 60mg. The half-life of toremifene in plasma is 5 days, and the drug is > 99% bound to plasma proteins. The main metabolites of toremifene are N-demethyl-toremifene and deaminohydroxy-toremifene. Altered liver, but not kidney, function affects the pharmacokinetics of toremifene. Toremifene 60mg daily is as effective as tamoxifen 20mg daily in the treatment of postmenopausal hormone-dependent breast cancer, producing a response in about 50% of patients. Soft tissue and visceral metastases respond better to toremifene than bone metastases. Most of the adverse effects of toremifene are related to its activity at estrogen receptors and include hot flashes, vaginal discharge and nausea. Although toremifene decreases antithrombin III levels slightly, the incidence of thromboembolic complications is low. Thus far, no carcinogenic effects have been noted in humans, and preclinical data are mostly reassuring. Toremifene has favourable effects on serum lipids, and thus has potential in preventing coronary heart disease. Although toremifene is somewhat more expensive to use than tamoxifen, toremifene is an effective and well tolerated alternative to tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-dependent breast cancer. No formal pharmacoeconomic comparisons of toremifene and tamoxifen have yet been published. Toremifene is potentially safer than tamoxifen in relation to carcinogenic effects and effects on serum lipids.
 ...
PMID:Toremifene in postmenopausal breast cancer. Efficacy, safety and cost. 934 56

The clinical and pathologic features of 17 cases of papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the cervix (PSCC) were studied in women who ranged in age from 26 to 70 years. There was a bimodal age distribution, with one peak occurring before the age of 40 years and the second peak after the age of 65. The presenting symptoms were abnormal vaginal bleeding (11 patients), abnormal exfoliative cervical cytology (four patients), or watery vaginal discharge (two patients). On pelvic examination, eight patients had a polypoid or exophytic cervical mass and two patients had an ulcerated or indurated cervix; no abnormality was detected in seven patients. Two tumors were stage Ia, 12 were stage Ib, two were stage II, and one was stage III. Nine patients were treated by radical hysterectomy and one by simple hysterectomy; six of these patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The other patients received primary radiotherapy. On microscopic examination, all of the tumors had a complex papillary architecture with epithelial stratification and tufting. Six tumors were grade 2/3 and 11 were grade 3/3. All of the tumors had >10 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields. An intense acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate was typically present within the cores of the papillae and in areas of stromal invasion. Occasional psammoma bodies were present in three cases. Five of 12 tumors stained positively for p53, with six and nine of 12 tumors, respectively, immunoreactive for carcinoembryonic antigen and CA-125. Seven tumors were mixed with another histologic subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma, most commonly low-grade villoglandular adenocarcinoma. Fifteen patients were followed from 6 months to 11 years (mean 56 months). Six patients died of extensive metastases within 5 years of diagnosis; an additional patient experienced tumor recurrence with malignant ascites 2 years after diagnosis. The most common metastatic sites were pelvic and periaortic lymph nodes; other sites included cervical lymph nodes, lung, peritoneum, liver, and skin. Eight patients were alive without evidence of tumor at last follow-up. Age <65 years, stage >I, tumor size >2 cm, tumor invasion >10 mm, the presence of lymph node metastases, and elevation of serum CA-125 were associated with a poor prognosis. Tumor grade or composition (pure or mixed) did not correlate with patient outcome. Papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the cervix resembles microscopically its counterparts elsewhere in the female genital tract and peritoneum. The tumors can behave aggressively with supradiaphragmatic metastases and a rapidly fatal course when diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the outcome for patients with stage I tumors is similar to that of patients with cervical adenocarcinomas of the usual type.
 ...
PMID:Papillary serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. 942 24

Endometrial carcinoma, the fourth most common cancer in women, is primarily a disease afflicting postmenopausal women and usually presents with vaginal bleeding or vaginal discharge. A slender, athletic 44-year-old woman was diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma after presenting with an isolated, solitary femoral bone metastasis. She had no symptoms except for progressive left knee pain. An open biopsy of the lesion in the proximal left femur revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma compatible with an endometrial primary. An endometrial biopsy subsequently revealed moderately differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. An aggressive metastatic workup revealed no other sites of metastatic disease. The femoral metastasis was treated with radiation. On chronic progestin therapy, the patient is clinically free of disease 2 years following diagnosis. Patients with endometrial carcinoma (with otherwise early stage disease) who present with an isolated skeletal lesion may represent an unusual group with perhaps a better prognosis. This patient received aggressive multi-disciplinary therapy and has had a two year progression-free interval.
 ...
PMID:Endometrial carcinoma presenting with an isolated osseous metastasis: a case report and review of the literature. 944 18

A general practitioner was consulted by a 15-year-old girl, virgo, suffering from foetid vaginal discharge. The girl was seen by a gynaecologist after antimicrobial treatment had failed. Further investigations revealed that a embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was present, a sarcoma botryoides. The tumour originating from the cervix uteri was resected completely after which chemotherapy was started. One year later there were no sequelae or indications of metastases. Sarcoma botryoides has a better prognosis than other types of rhabdomyosarcoma. The prognosis is also influenced by the site of origin, which is favourable for the cervix.
 ...
PMID:[An rare cause of vaginal discharge: sarcoma botryoides]. 976 70

True vaginal metastases from colonic cancer are exceedingly rare. This often signals an ominous prognosis. More frequently the vagina is synchronously involved by direct contiguous spread from the colonic lesion. We present a case of sigmoid carcinoma with true metastasis to the vagina that was discovered after an interval of 3 weeks when vaginal discharge became evident. To our knowledge, there are only two other papers in the English language previously documenting this phenomenon.
 ...
PMID:Vaginal metastasis of colon cancer. 1124 44

In primates, little has been reported about malignant mesenchymal uterine tumours. A case of a spontaneous metastasising uterine sarcoma in a 17-year-old rhesus monkey is presented. Clinically, transient abdominal pain, spasms, nausea, anaemia, a firm uterus and bloody vaginal discharge were noted. In a diagnostic laparoscopy, both massive adhesions in the lesser pelvis and 10 ml of ascites fluid were detected. In necropsy, in addition to peritonitis with massive adhesions, a cauliflower-shaped, irregular, tough, greyish-white uterine tumour was seen. Two cherry-sized tumour metastases were noticed in the greater omentum. In histology, both in the uterus and the metastases, a sarcoma with a low amount of connective tissue and well-differentiated cell nuclei was identified.
 ...
PMID:A spontaneous uterine sarcoma in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). 1245 Jan 92

Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a rare neoplasm that arises from intermediate trophoblasts and shows diversity of biological behaviors, resulting in the absence of consistency in treatment modalities. A case of placental site trophoblastic tumor that extended to the cervix, with primary manifestation of amenorrhea and yellow foul-smelling vaginal discharge, is presented. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed initially, and serial measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin levels were obtained. She was admitted with metastases to brain and lung 1.5 years after surgery. Combination chemotherapy (etoposide-methotrexate-dactinomycin/cyclophosphamide-vincristine) and radiotherapy were administered. There was no significant response to chemoradiotherapy. Despite changing chemotherapy regimen, she is still alive with progressive disease.
 ...
PMID:Placental site trophoblastic tumor in a patient with brain and lung metastases. 1522 35


1 2 Next >>