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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study of 161 patients with carcinomas of the bladder was carried out to assess the value of CT (247 examinations), transurethral sonography (32 examinations), and the early results of MRT. For TA-T3a staging, according to the TNM classification of the IUCC, transurethral sonography was particularly valuable. CT is useful for demonstrating transmural tumour growth (T3b) and organ invasion (T4), involvement of regional lymph nodes and distant metastases. Tumours in the roof of the bladder and at its base are well shown by MR tomography, using multiplanar sections.
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PMID:[Value of imaging procedures in the diagnosis and staging of bladder tumors]. 283 83

Fifty patients with histologically proven bronchial carcinomas were examined by CT and MRT for preoperative T-staging and N-staging. CT and MRT provided the same classification in 87% of the T2 tumours, 78% of T3, 71% of N0, 74% of N1 and 100% of N2 tumours. MRT had advantages for demonstrating tumours at the apices, for central tumours and for demonstrating hilar and some mediastinal lymph node enlargement. CT was better at demonstrating small pulmonary metastases, small basal pleural effusions and also in showing pulmonary structure and bone lesions.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) and computed tomography (CT) of bronchial carcinoma. Comparison of the value of both study methods for preoperative staging]. 300 47

The value of MR tomography for examining vertebral infiltration by malignant disease and the use of various techniques was examined retrospectively in a material of 68 examinations in 62 patients suffering from metastases, plasmacytomas, primary vertebral tumours and vertebral infiltration from extra-osseous tumours. It was shown that the method is superior to all other imaging methods for demonstrating changes in the bone marrow. The extent of the disease and involvement of neighbouring structures is shown more completely in cases where the disease extends beyond the vertebrae. Improved soft tissue contrast and the availability of various planes are definite advantages, as compared with CT. Tissue diagnosis, however, is not improved by MRT.
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PMID:[Imaging of neoplastic changes in the spine using MR tomography]. 302 23

Thirty-eight MRT examinations were carried out in 35 patients who, between them, had 19 abnormalities in the adrenal glands. These included ten adenomas, three metastases, two carcinomas, two phaeochromocytomas, and two primary retroperitoneal tumours. MRT provides images of normal and abnormal adrenal glands which are equivalent to those of CT, with the exception that it cannot demonstrate calcification. Using a ratio of signal intensity from the adrenal tumours and the liver on T2-weighted images, it is usually possible to differentiate adenomas from metastases, carcinomas or phaeochromocytomas. The increased specificity of MRT is valuable in the investigation of patients with asymptomatic enlargement of the adrenal glands.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) of the adrenals]. 303 35

Comparative studies were made of 47 patients suffering from histologically and cytologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma, using CT and MRT respectively. CT examinations were performed before and after intravenous administration of contrast medium, whereas the MR examinations were conducted via EEG-triggered T1 and T2 marked SE sequences in the axial and coronary planes. Both methods were assessed in respect of tumour visualisation and documentation of tumour spread. Staging of tumour and lymph nodes yielded largely concurring results for CT and MRT. Exceptions were seen in 7 of 10 patients with malignant involvement of the pericardium and in 3 of 27 patients with lymph node metastases located mediastinally and subcarinally where only MRT showed a positive involvement of the pericardium or lymph nodes (with possible consequences for the staging of the tumour or lymph nodes). Decisive advantages of MRT compared with CT were seen in the identification of infiltration of the aortic-wall, in the differentiation of the poststenotic syndrome, in the visualisation of the thoracic wall infiltration and functional information on blood flow rate in upper venolus obstruction caused by a carcinoma.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in bronchial cancer]. 338 60

Results of MR imaging performed in 74 patients with diseases of the thyroid gland and in normal persons are compared with nuclear medicine (99mTc 04 and 131J scans) and sonography (5 and 7.5 MHz transducers, linear scans) results. The MR-signal intensity of hot nodules--Plummers' disease--is not specific. Therefore scintigraphy combined with sonography remain the methods of choice for the diagnosis of hyperfunctioning nodules. Morphologic alterations within the thyroid gland are detected by MRT as well as by ultrasound. But when lesions are not limited to the thyroid bed MRT will become the imaging examination of choice. Therefore MRT can be useful for scanning retrotracheal and superior mediastinal extent of thyroid lesions. Also clinically inapparent metastases to the cervical and mediastinal nodes may be detected.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of thyroid diseases using imaging procedures with reference to nuclear magnetic resonance tomography]. 355 75

The clinical and pathologic features of 14 children with rhabdoid tumors are presented. Eight patients had primary renal neoplasms and six had extrarenal tumors. The eight renal rhabdoid tumors were identified among 514 primary renal neoplasms collected at four pediatric institutions. Six patients were under 1 year of age; five children died of tumor-related causes, four of them within 4 months of diagnosis and one 17 months postnephrectomy. Another patient died of sepsis 12 days postnephrectomy. One is alive 13 months postnephrectomy, and one was lost to follow-up evaluation. The most common sites of metastasis were the lymph nodes (seven children) and the lungs (three patients). Three infants with renal rhabdoid tumors had, in addition, intracranial masses, two of which manifested clinically before the detection of the renal tumors, in one confirmed to be a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Five of the 6 extrarenal tumors were identified among 155,926 surgical pathology specimens examined in the same children's hospitals over the same period of time; the remaining extrarenal rhabdoid tumor was received in consultation from a community hospital. The extrarenal rhabdoid tumors occurred in the dorsum of the right foot, liver, soft tissue of the right chest wall, left temporal lobe, left leg, and left thoracic paraspinal region. The ages ranged from 6 weeks to 15 years and two months. Three patients died of tumor-related causes within 4 months of diagnosis; one was a term stillborn. Two are alive, 1 month and 70 months postdiagnosis. Common sites for metastases included the lungs (three patients), and liver and lymph nodes (two children each). Patients with renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumors are of similar age, have a similar clinical course, with early metastases and poor response to therapy. Primitive neuroectodermal intracranial tumors have been identified in several reported patients with renal rhabdoid tumors; similar brain tumors have not been documented in patients with extrarenal rhabdoid tumors. The histogenesis of this tumor remains unknown.
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PMID:Renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumors in children: a clinicopathologic study of 14 patients. 361 19

A 34-year-old female orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) developed renal failure and became uremic. At necropsy, large gastric masses were present around the cardia and in the corpus. Abdominal metastases occurred in the liver, pancreas, and right ovary. Light microscopic examination of the tumor revealed polygonal cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The growth pattern was predominantly solid. Focal areas contained excentric cytoplasmic intermediate filament inclusions, as identified by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical procedures demonstrated mainly the vimentin type of intermediate filaments. Except for occasional cytokeratin, other intermediate filament markers and neural, lymphocytic, and histiocytic markers stained negative. The morphologic and ultrastructural characteristics are typical for a malignant rhabdoid tumor, a term used in human pathology to describe a rare and extremely aggressive malignancy of uncertain histogenesis. Although usually located in the infant kidney, a few reports have documented the occurrence of similar lesions in extrarenal sites of adults. In human tumors, vimentin is often combined with the expression of cytokeratins. The sparsity of the cytokeratin filaments in this case might be due to species-specific variations and/or may reflect the hypothesis of a phenotypic concept encompassing a spectrum of histogenetic diversity.
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PMID:Malignant rhabdoid tumor in the gastric wall of an aged orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). 780 28

In this retrospective study plain radiographs, radionuclide bone scans, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRT) examinations of 115 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the spine were analyzed. In 32 patients metastases were proven histologically and in the remainder by follow-up studies. Altogether, 513 vertebrae were evaluated. Forty-one patients had histologically proven breast cancer, 14 renal cell carcinoma, 11 prostate cancer, 8 melanoma. 8 tumors of the gastrointestinal system and 7 bronchial carcinoma. Evaluation of the plain films showed that the initial site of metastasis (n = 463) was the vertebral body in 441 cases and the pedicles in 294 cases. In CT scans most of the lesions confined to one part of the vertebral body (36 of 98) were localized in the posterior part. Twelve percent of the metastases were diagnosed with conventional radiography and 17% of those diagnosed with CT were not detected in skeletal scintigraphy. MRI was rarely used in diagnosing occult vertebral metastases (n = 37); 22% of the metastases demonstrated by MRI were not detected in skeletal scintigraphy. We concluded that only in 63.8% was the pedicle sign the initial site of metastasis on plain films. Bone scans and plain films are the most important diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring vertebral metastases. CT and MRI are only needed in patients with neurological symptoms and persistent pain.
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PMID:[Spinal metastases. Value of diagnostic procedures in the initial diagnosis and follow-up]. 789 39

Distinct congenital, benign, probably hamartomatous, lesions of the upper dermis were noted in two children who subsequently developed malignant rhabdoid tumors. The dermal lesions, which we have named "neurovascular hamartomas" were characterized by a proliferation of capillaries in a background of bland spindle cells with possible neural features. In one child the malignant rhabdoid tumor was located in the kidney, and a synchronous primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the central nervous system was the cause of his death. The other infant had two neurovascular hamartomas, and a malignant rhabdoid tumor arose in contiguity with the deepest portion of the larger of the two hamartomas. An axillary lymph node metastasis rapidly developed in this child followed by widespread metastases and death 3 months later. Neuroectodermal differentiation was observed immunohistochemically or ultrastructurally in all rhabdoid tumors and in the tumor of the brain. This is the first report of a unique congenital benign dermal lesion that appears to be associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors in very young children. A genetic abnormality of neuroectodermal differentiation may underlie the development of these neoplasms.
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PMID:Congenital "neurovascular hamartoma" of the skin. A possible marker of malignant rhabdoid tumor. 809 94


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