Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A significant higher incidence of some cancers, especially lung cancer, has been found in women with previous HPV-related (human papillomavirus) urogenital and anal neoplasias than in individuals without this particular clinical history. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV is present in both CIN III (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) lesions and bronchopulmonary second primary cancers in women with a clinical history of both diseases. Paraffin-embedded tumour tissue from 75 patients with bronchopulmonary carcinomas was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and in situ hybridization for the presence of human HPV. In total, 51 primary tumours without metastases, 11 primary tumours with metastases and 13 lymph node metastases without available tissue from primary tumours were analysed. In our study 37/75 primary bronchopulmonary tumours (49%) were identified as HPV positive by the PCR method: 18 cases were purely HPV 16 positive (49%), 12 were purely HPV 6 positive (32%), 5 cases were HPV 16/6 positive (14%), 1 case was HPV 16/11 positive (2%) and 1 case was HPV 16/18 positive (2%). Fourteen metastases were HPV positive, and HPV 16, 11 and 6 were detected in both regional and distant metastases. Two of the HPV 16-positive metastases were brain metastases from two separate HPV 16-positive primary tumours; 35% of the HPV-positive cases were adenocarcinomas, 30% squamous cell carcinomas, 22% oat cell carcinomas, 5% large cell carcinomas, 3% anaplastic carcinoma, 3% low-differentiated carcinoma, and 3% malignant cylindroma. The CIN III lesions from 34 of the 37 HPV-positive bronchopulmonary carcinomas were analysed by PCR. The overall HPV positivity in the CIN III lesions was 74% (25/34 cases): 48% were purely HPV 16 positive, 24% purely HPV 6 positive, 24% HPV 16/6 positive and 4% were HPV 18 positive. Our results indicate that HPV is also involved in the development of bronchopulmonary cancers in women with a history of CIN III lesions.
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PMID:HPV positive bronchopulmonary carcinomas in women with previous high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III). 1042 55

Sixty-four malignant lung tumours and 12 of their regional lymph node metastases were analysed for expression of the laminin gamma2 chain by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Expression of the laminin gamma2 chain was strongest in squamous cell carcinomas, followed by adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas. Positive cells, except for large cell carcinomas, were located at the epithelial-stromal interface of tumour clusters. An important exception was small cell lung carcinoma, with only a low level of laminin gamma2 chain expression. Apart from tumour type, this may reflect the relatively scanty fibrous stroma in these tumours and supports previous observations that small cell lung carcinoma cells, contrary to other types, lack surface expression of alpha(6)beta(4) integrin, the specific laminin-5 binding receptor. In frozen sections, immunohistochemistry showed linear basement membranes around tumour clusters in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. This shows that carcinoma cells are capable of heavy deposition of the laminin gamma2 chain around tumour clusters and suggests that a laminin gamma2 chain-containing substrate may be of significance for the spread and growth of malignant tumours.
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PMID:Expression of the laminin gamma2 chain in different histological types of lung carcinoma. A study by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. 1044 Jul 45

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 was studied in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by gelatin zymography and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 mRNAs were examined in 11 lung cancer cell lines which included six small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Localization of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 43 resected NSCLC (22 adenocarcinomas, 17 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 large cell carcinomas) using specific anti-human monoclonal antibodies. Expression of MMP-2 mRNA was detected in 5 (100%), MMP-9 in 1 (20%), TIMP-1 in 4 (80%), and TIMP-2 in 5 (100%) of 5 NSCLC cell lines examined. MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity also was detected in all five NSCLC cell lines, whereas MMP-9 activity was detected in only one cell line. In 43 patients, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was demonstrated in 19 (44%), 9 (21%), 15 (35%), and 29 (67%) excised tumors, respectively. All stromal fibroblasts in tumor samples stained positive for MMP-2. There was a correlation between TIMP-2 immunoreactivity and disease stage (42% stage I versus 88% stages II, III, and IV) (p = 0.0024). Both cancer cell lines and NSCLC tumor samples frequently expressed MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2; MMP-2 in particular was highly expressed in malignant cells and surrounding fibroblasts. These findings suggest that MMP-2 plays a more important role in invasion of NSCLC than MMP-9 and that TIMP-2 may have clinical relevance in NSCLC.
Invasion Metastasis
PMID:Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases in non-small-cell lung cancer. 1047 26

A 54-year-old man who underwent Miles operation for primary rectal cancer, had undergone right upper lobectomy for large cell carcinoma of the right lung 2 years before. In the Miles operation, the large lymph node was palpable in the mesenterium near the small intestine. Small bowel resection with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histological examination showed lymph node metastatic large cell carcinoma of the lung. The patient has survived for 8 years after the second operation without recurrence. Large cell carcinoma of the lung tends to metastasize to digestive organs, so careful follow-up is necessary after surgery. Surgical treatment for a solitary metastatic lesion of lung cancer is considered to be effective and to have a satisfactory prognosis.
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PMID:[A case of lung large cell carcinoma that survived for 8 years after resection of a solitary metastatic lymph node]. 1051 67

Large cell carcinoma is defined as an undifferentiated carcinoma without the characteristic features of squamous cell, small cell, or adeno-carcinomas. Diagnosis is largely based on exclusion of the other cell types of lung cancer by light microscopy. Large cell carcinoma grows rapidly and is usually quite large by the time it is diagnosed. Most of colony stimulating factor-producing lung cancers previously reported are large cell carcinomas. These colony stimulating factors are considered to contribute to the progressive nature of large cell carcinoma. The radiographic appearance of large cell carcinoma is often larger than 4 cm in diameter. The margins of the mass are poorly defined and lobulated while cavitation remains infrequent. Giant cell carcinoma, which is a variant of large cell carcinoma, is a particularly aggressive subtype with a poor prognosis. Metastases occur fairly late in the course of large cell carcinoma. The sites of metastases (brain, bone, adrenal glands, and liver) are similar to those involved with adenocarcinoma, although the gastrointestinal tract metastases are more commonly involved in large cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[Large cell carcinoma]. 1082 61

Due to more efficient chemotherapy protocols, the number of second and even third primary carcinomas is steadily increasing. To denominate the possible origin of a carcinoma, different markers are available as an aid, e.g. hormones, proteins and lipoproteins, secretion products and cytoskeletal proteins. Cytokeratins (CKs) have gained new popularity; however, they have not been extensively evaluated in lung tumours. In our study we evaluated the staining patterns of CK polypeptides 4-8, 10, 13, 14, and 17-20 and high molecular weight (HMW) CK polypeptides in routinely processed primary lung carcinomas and lung metastases of diverse origin. As expected, immunohistochemical investigation gave no clear-cut results, but, with statistical analysis, lung adenocarcinomas could be separated from metastatic adenocarcinomas using CK 5 and 18 and HMW CK (specificity 92.5%, sensitivity 62.5%). The different origin of the metastases could often be detected using CK 18 and CK 20. Lung clear cell carcinomas and large cell carcinomas with clear cell areas could be distinguished from metastatic renal clear cell carcinomas by the CK 7 staining reaction. Squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx, pharynx and oesophagus could not reliably be separated in part due to the few number of cases available. CK polypeptide typing is thus an additional aid in the differential diagnosis of lung carcinomas versus carcinomas metastatic to the lung.
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PMID:Cytokeratin typing as an aid in the differential diagnosis of primary versus metastatic lung carcinomas, and comparison with normal lung. 1194 79

Fascin-1, the most expressed form of fascin in vertebrate tissues, is an actin-bundling protein that induces cell membrane protrusions and increases motility of normal and transformed epithelial cells. Very few data are available on the role of this protein in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two hundred and twenty patients with stage I NSCLC and long-term follow-up were evaluated immunocytochemically for fascin expression. Overall, variable fascin immunoreactivity was detected in 98% of 116 squamous cell carcinomas, in 78% of 96 adenocarcinomas, in 83% of six large cell carcinomas, and in the two adenosquamous carcinomas under study. Neoplastic emboli were commonly decorated by the antifascin antibody (P<0.001), also when the surrounding invasive carcinoma was unreactive. Fascin immunoreactivity correlated with high tumour grade (P=0.017) and, in adenocarcinomas, with high Ki-67 labelling index (P=0.021). Adenocarcinomas with a prevalent bronchiolo-alveolar in situ component were less commonly immunoreactive for fascin than invasive tumours (P=0.005). Contralateral thoracic or distant metastases were associated significantly with diffuse (>60% immunoreactive tumour cells) fascin expression in adenocarcinomas (P=0.043), and marginally with strong fascin immunostaining in squamous cell carcinomas (P=0.13). No associations were noted with any other clinicopathological variables tested. Patients with tumours showing diffuse (>60% immunoreactive neoplastic cells) and/or strong immunoreactivity for fascin had a shorter survival (P=0.006 for adenocarcinomas and P=0.026 for squamous cell carcinomas), even after multivariate analysis (P=0.014 and 0.050, respectively). The current study documents for the first time that fascin is upregulated in invasive and more aggressive NSCLC, being an independent prognostic predictor of unfavourable clinical course of the disease. Targetting the fascin pathway could be a novel therapeutic strategy of NSCLC.
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PMID:Independent prognostic value of fascin immunoreactivity in stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer. 1259 67

Napsin A is an aspartic proteinase expressed in lung and kidney. We have reported that napsin A is expressed in type II pneumocytes and in adenocarcinomas of the lung. The expression of napsin was examined in 118 lung tissues including 16 metastases by in situ hybridisation. Napsin was expressed in the tumour cell compartment in 33 of 39 adenocarcinomas (84.6%), in two of 11 large cell carcinomas and in one lung metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma. Expression of napsin was found to be associated with a high degree of differentiation in adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed for three proteins currently used as markers for lung adenocarcinoma : surfactant protein-A, surfactant protein-B and thyroid transcription factor-1. Thyroid transcription factor-1 showed the same sensitivity (84.6%) as napsin for adenocarcinoma, whereas surfactant protein-A and surfactant protein-B showed lower sensitivities. Among these markers, napsin showed the highest specificity (94.3%) for adenocarcinoma in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. We conclude that napsin is a promising marker for the diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Aspartic proteinase napsin is a useful marker for diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma. 1269 89

An immunohistochemical analysis for E(epithelial)-cadherin and N(neural)-cadherin expression in relation to tumour angiogenesis was performed in 150 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In all, 71 carcinomas (47.3%) were E-cadherin-negative. Epithelial-cadherin-negative tumours had lymph node metastases significantly more frequently than E-cadherin-positive tumours (P=0.0100). On the other hand, 46 carcinomas (30.7%) were N-cadherin-positive. Regarding tumour vascularity, there was no significant correlation between E-cadherin expression and tumour vascular. In contrast, the frequency of hypervascular tumours was significantly higher for N-cadherin-positive carcinomas than for N-cadherin-negative carcinomas (P=0.0373). Regarding prognosis, the 5-year survival rate of patients with E-cadherin-negative NSCLCs was significantly lower than that of patients with E-cadherin-positive NSCLCs (P=0.0146). In contrast, of the patients with large cell carcinomas, the 5-year survival rate of patients with N-cadherin-positive tumours was significantly lower than that of patients with N-cadherin-negative tumours (P=0.0013). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that E-cadherin status (P=0.0339) and tumour vascularity (P=0.0295) were significant indicators for survival. In conclusion, E-cadherin expression and tumour vascularity are significant prognostic factors of NSCLC patients. Furthermore, N-cadherin expression is associated with tumour angiogenesis, and its expression is one of prognostic factors of patients with large cell carcinomas. Thus, N-cadherin also might play a specific role in undifferentiated large cell carcinomas.
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PMID:Neural-cadherin expression associated with angiogenesis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. 1277 88

Metastasis to thyroid gland are rare. The primary sites which metastasize to thyroid gland include the breast, lung, kidney and stomach. Among lung cancer metastasizing to the thyroid, adenocarcinomas are the commonest followed by squamous, small cell and large cell carcinomas. The bronchioloalveolar carcinoma has not been reported to metastasize to the thyroid. In this case report we document this rare occurrence.
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PMID:Metastasis to thyroid from lung carcinoma. 1286 39


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