Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The result of therapy of 67 cases of children with malignant testicular tumors is presented. The majority of these cases were embryonal carcinoma in which metastases had occurred in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lungs, and bones. Long-term survival was obtained in 89% of the cases treated by simple orchiectomy followed by retroperitoneal irradiation. Two cases with metastases benefitted from chemotherapy. The prognosis of embryonal carcinoma of the testis is correlated with the age of the patient and the histologic pattern of the carcinoma; early detection and appropriate treatment are most important for its cure.
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PMID:Management of malignant testicular tumors in children. 126 Jun 72

Serum levels of AFP, hCG and CEA were initially and serially measured in 59 patients with testicular germ cell tumors, and serially in 37 with ovarian and 3 with extragonadal germ cell tumors. Patients with seminoma/dysgerminoma or mature teratoma had normal serum AFP and sporadically slightly elevated hCG. Some patients with embryonal carcinoma, pure or with admixture of seminoma, had serum AFP elevated to maximum 100 U/ml, yet its use for monitoring therapy was limited. Patients with yolk sac tumors had elevated AFP and sometimes CEA levels, those with choriocarcinoma had elevated hCG, and those with compound tumors had one or more of the markers highly elevated. High AFP and/or hCG levels indicated the presence of the relevant tumor cells both in the primary and in residual tumor and/or metastases, also those missed in histological material, and thus were useful in restaging. Unfortunately, their absence in serum did not exclude the presence of marker-negative subpopulations of tumor cells. Changes in marker values paralleled the effects of treatment: the level increasing from any nadir heralded recurrence in patients in remission; elevated or increasing levels during therapy implied resistance to the therapy; decreasing levels indicated regression even though a return to the normal range did not mean eradication of all tumor cells.
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PMID:Serum AFP, hCG and CEA in the management of patients with testicular, ovarian and extragonadal germ cell tumors. 137 75

Detection of serum and cellular AFP and hCG has made a significant contribution in understanding and management of testicular cancer. It is essential to remember the following events in utilizing these markers: (1) Histologic diagnosis of seminoma, but AFP is elevated. There is usually an element of choriocarcinoma. (2) Histologic diagnosis of seminoma and highly elevated hCG greater than 100 ng/ml has usually an element of choriocarcinoma. (3) Histologic diagnosis of choriocarcinoma with an elevated serum AFP. There is usually an element of embryonal carcinoma. (4) Pathologic stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer with elevated serum markers is either stage II or stage III. (5) In a recent study of 23 patients undergoing resection of residual nonseminomatous testicular cancer after intensive chemotherapy, 21 had either teratoma in primary tumor or bulky metastatic disease. The markers were normalized after chemotherapy and prior to resection. (6) Although normalization of these markers after chemotherapy indicates effective therapeutic response, one should look of residual tumor utilizing radiologic investigations.
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PMID:Current status of tumor markers in testicular cancer. A practical review. 138 31

A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of right scrotal mass. Serum tumor markers, HCG, beta-HCG and AFP, were all elevated. After right high inguinal orchiectomy, a pathological report revealed a mixed-type germ cell tumor, which was composed of choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma and seminoma. Because of persistent elevation of these tumor markers, RPLND was performed. There were viable tumor cells in the dissected lymph node specimens. As pulmonary metastases developed after RPLND, the patient was treated with 3 courses of VAB-6 combination chemotherapy (vinblastine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin and cis-platinum). Pulmonary metastases disappeared and tumor markers returned to normal range except for moderate elevation of serum HCG. Two months later, pulmonary metastases developed again with re-elevation of tumor markers. Four courses of EP salvage chemotherapy (etoposide and cisplatinum) were given. After EP chemotherapy, the patient was given etoposide orally for about 7 months. During this period, no abnormality was found except for slight elevation of serum HCG. Five months after discontinuing chemotherapy, serum HCG returned to normal and complete remission was obtained.
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PMID:[A case of complete remission obtained with etoposide cis-platinum combination chemotherapy in advanced testicular cancer]. 168 34

We have examined the binding and functional activity of monoclonal antibody (MAb) SG-1 that was raised by immunization against embryonal carcinoma cells and screened using KHT fibrosarcoma cells. Quantitative absorption, binding and in situ immunochemical staining assays indicate that the MAb SG-1-defined epitopes are expressed preferentially by the highly metastatic KHT35-L1 cells relative to the weakly metastatic, parental KHTp cells. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between the expression of MAb SG-1-defined antigen on the cells, following trypsin treatment, and their metastatic ability. Binding of MAb SG-1 to antigen was inhibited by specific sulfated polysaccharides including cerebroside sulfate (brain sulfatide), fucoidan, and dextran sulfate (500 kD) but not by heparan, chondroitin, keratan or dextran (5 kD) sulfates. Initial characterization of antigen from KHT cells indicates that the epitope of MAb SG-1 is defined by sulfated glycoconjugates containing galactose and sulfate but not N-acetylglucosamine. In the total lipid extracts of KHT35-L1 cells the antigen was detected in the delipidated protein fraction as well as in the chloroform/methanol fraction. These results suggest that the sulfated glycoconjugate determinants identified by MAb SG-1 may be relevant to the metastatic process of KHT fibrosarcoma cells.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Sulfated glycoconjugate determinants recognized by monoclonal antibody, SG-1, correlate with the experimental metastatic ability of KHT fibrosarcoma cells. 169 55

Tumor-to-tumor metastases are uncommon. The most frequent donor tumors are the lung, whereas renal cell carcinoma is by far the most common recipient. In this report the authors describe a lung tumor that metastasized to a testicular seminoma. This is the first reported case of tumor-to-tumor metastases in which seminoma of the testis is the recipient. The authors performed mucin and immunohistochemical studies on this case and on ten cases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors containing embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor for comparison. Mucin positivity as well as immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane and carcinoembryonic antigens were confined to metastatic adenocarcinoma in this case, whereas Ki-1 and alpha-fetoprotein immunostaining were restricted to the ten control cases of germ cell tumors. Although the majority of second malignant components found in a seminoma are other nonseminomatous germ cell components, the rare possibility exists that a second malignant component is a metastasis from elsewhere in the body.
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PMID:Lung carcinoma with metastasis to testicular seminoma. 169 19

Unselected F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells preferentially colonize the liver upon injection into tail veins of syngeneic mice, while the lungs are only very rarely colonized. Here we show that F9 cells attach better to fibronectin than to laminin in an adhesion assay, like other liver-colonizing cell lines. Moreover, assays of adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) prepared from rat organs (liver, lung and kidney) demonstrate that, in the absence of serum, F9 cells adhere better to liver- than to kidney- or lung-derived ECM. Even in the presence of FCS, the adhesion to lung ECM remains very low. This very low adhesiveness of F9 cells to lung-derived ECM correlates well with the finding that, in an organ distribution assay, tail-vein-injected F9 cells are very rapidly released from the lungs, when compared to the retention times of the lung-specific murine melanoma cell line B16-F10. Yet another property appears to contribute to organ-specific colonization of these cells: extracts of liver promote the growth of F9 cells, in contrast to extracts of lung or kidney which have no effect. These data suggest that preferential formation of metastases in the liver following the intravenous injection of F9 cells is the result of both their adhesive abilities and their growth response to local microenvironment.
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PMID:The role of both specific cellular adhesion and growth promotion in liver colonization by F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. 204 May 39

A patient with a mixed testicular germ cell tumor (choriocarcinoma, teratocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma) that had metastasized to the lungs, cerebrum, and pineal gland is presented. The metastases had resulted in localized neurological signs and initially, on clinical grounds, a primary intracranial lesion could not be excluded. The occurrence of tumor metastases to the pineal gland is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
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PMID:Testicular germ cell tumor with pineal metastases. 233 94

Thirty-four children with malignant germ cell tumors of the testis were seen at the Institut Gustave-Roussy from 1970 through 1980, after orchiectomy alone. The tumor was classified according the WHO classification (immature teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor). Twenty-four of the 34 children had a stage I yolk sac tumor (YST) defined as a tumor completely removed by the inguinal approach, without clinical node involvement and/or metastases. No lymphadenectomy was performed. All the patients had an alphafetoprotein (AFP) determination before or after orchiectomy. For those (23/24) with an elevated level of AFP the clinical stage I was assigned if the AFP decreased regularly to normal values by 3 months after orchiectomy. Twelve patients received systemic chemotherapy every 3 months [methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]; 12 did not receive any treatment after orchiectomy. An AFP evaluation was assayed for all of these regularly. The 3-year survival rate was 96% and the 3-year relapse-free survival rate was 84%, with no difference found between the two groups receiving or not receiving systemic chemotherapy. This series confirms the advisability of a conservative approach for clinical stage I YST, employing orchiectomy and evaluation including AFP determinations. Ten percent to 20% of patients will suffer a relapse, which can be demonstrated by an increasing level of AFP, and these children can be treated at this time. With this approach, 80% of patients having clinical stage I YST can be treated by orchiectomy alone and will not suffer any sequelae or complication of either lymphadenectomy or chemotherapy. For the few who do relapse, treatment at the time of relapse is curative for the majority. This approach requires absolute adherence to a strict follow-up program.
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PMID:Optimal treatment of clinical stage I yolk sac tumor of the testis in children. 241 37

Fifty patients with clinical stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis (NSGCTT) were treated with primary chemotherapy followed by a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in selected patients. The study population included 34 patients with retroperitoneal masses and elevated levels of serum biomarkers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [BHCG] ), five with needle aspiration biopsy-proven retroperitoneal metastases but normal levels of biomarkers, and 11 in whom there were rising levels of serum biomarkers but no radiographic evidence of retroperitoneal metastases. Forty-eight patients (96%) achieved a complete response (CR), with a mean disease-free survival of 132 weeks (range, 55 to 273 weeks). Two patients developed recurrent disease. One died and one achieved a second CR with further therapy (48 + weeks). Postchemotherapy RPLND was required in 11 patients (22%). Patients with embryonal carcinoma had a lower frequency of RPLND (8%) than patients with teratomatous elements in their primary tumor [36%, P = .014]. To reduce the frequency of double therapy (surgery +/- chemotherapy), we propose individualized therapy. Patients presenting with clinical stage II embryonal carcinoma of the testis should receive primary chemotherapy. Patients with clinical stage II NSGCTT and teratomatous elements in their primary tumor continue to require an RPLND. Those patients with intermediate volume disease (greater than 2 cm less than or equal to 5 cm in maximum diameter) may be treated with an RPLND only. Patients with higher volume teratomatous elements (greater than 5 cm less than or equal to 10 cm in maximum diameter) are likely to require the combination of chemotherapy and surgery.
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PMID:Primary chemotherapy for clinical stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: a follow-up of 50 patients. 243 89


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