Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 51-year-old man was hospitalized and operated on for gastric carcinoma with widespread metastases and died two months after the laparatomy and biopsy examination. Two years prior to the operation, he deveoped nephrotic syndrome. Anaplastic carcinoma, linitis plastica form, of the stomach was found in the tumor biopsy examination and at autopsy. Light and electron microscopical studies of the kidney biopsy specimen taken at laparatomy confirmed the presence of membranous glomerulopathy. An immunologic basis of the concomitant appearance of malignant neoplasms and nephrotic syndrome is possible, based on reported cases. There is also a possibility that renal damage occurs more commonly in malignant neoplasms, but is not recognized clinically.
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PMID:Membranous glomerulonephritis. An initial symptom of gastric carcinoma? 113 94

One hundred twenty-one cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid treated at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, were reviewed. Anaplastic carcinoma is a rapidly growing neoplasm with a dismal prognosis. The mean survival of our patients was 7.2 +/- 10 months. A significant percentage of our patients (35%) had areas of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma elsewhere, supporting the hypothesis that anaplastic thyroid carcinoma arises from preexisting well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Twenty-four of 30 tumors analyzed (84%) stained for keratin, 28 (93.3%) stained for vimentin, and ten (33%) stained for epithelial membrane antigen. Younger patients lived longer than older patients, and patients whose disease was earlier-stage at presentation responded better than patients with metastases at presentation. Radical surgery alone did not significantly increase survival duration over less radical surgery. The role of multimodality therapy needs further evaluation.
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PMID:Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study of 121 cases. 169 18

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is rare, making up 5% to 14% of primary malignant thyroid neoplasms. Lymphoma of the thyroid is even rarer, accounting for only 1% to 2% of thyroid malignancies. Other even rarer tumors of the thyroid, such as liposarcoma and angiosarcoma, have also been described. Although these thyroid tumors are rare, it is very important to recognize them because they may present as medical emergencies and constitute a challenge for endocrinologists, surgeons, radiotherapists, and oncologists. Anaplastic carcinoma grows rapidly and has a dismal prognosis. A significant number of patients with anaplastic carcinoma have areas of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma, which supports the hypothesis that anaplastic thyroid carcinoma arises from a pre-existing well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Younger patients do better than older patients, and those diagnosed at an earlier stage do better than those with metastases at presentation. Multimodality therapy with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy appears to be of value. Lymphoma of the thyroid may be a primary disease or may involve the gland as part of a systemic disease. It is not usually suspected before surgery or fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Radiotherapy alone, if the disease is limited to the neck, produces good results; however, in patients with mediastinal extension, chemotherapy is indicated.
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PMID:Uncommon types of thyroid cancer. 226 9

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is a tumour of advanced age, with a female/male ratio of 2/1. Its incidence is of 1-2 cases/million/year. The tumour is one of the most aggressive neoplasms affecting humans. It spreads very rapidly to the regional lymph nodes and causes distant metastases, in particular in the lungs and bone. Surgery, external radiation or chemotherapy are usually ineffective when used alone. Better results are obtained by combinations of these modalities, in particular by a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by surgery. In our Centre we have, since 1991, adopted a multimodal treatment based on radiotherapy preceded by Cisplatin administration, followed by surgery and then by adjuvant chemotherapy with Adriamycin and Bleomycin. The initial results on a limited number of cases seem encouraging.
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PMID:[Undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. 753 67

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is a highly aggressive neoplasm with quickly total course. It is characterized by an average survival of 4-12 months. It infiltrates precociously into the windpipe, oesophagus, vessels of the neck and gives distant metastases in 10-48% of cases. In 30.8 to 80% of cases, this carcinoma originates in an old multinodular goiter. The hypothesis has been also advanced that this neoplasm could derive from a pre-existent well-differentiated carcinoma. The improvement in diagnostic techniques (especially immunohistochemistry) allows a more correct definition of this neoplasm, permitting a differential diagnosis with other tumours (lymphoma, medullary carcinoma, hemangioblastoma) with which in the past it has been erroneously identified. The results reported in the literature are controversial as regards long-term survival, but usually it is less than one year. Longer survival must lead to the suspicion of wrong diagnosis. A relatively better prognosis is observable in intraglandular forms, "minimi" neoplastic focus and young patients. The presence of regional metastatic lymph nodes doesn't seem to modify the prognosis. Instead, a factor which can condition the prognosis is the type of therapy. Now a days the most efficacious curative treatment is the multinodal one (surgery, radio- and chemotherapy). The best results about survival and quality of life have been obtained using chemo-radiotherapy before operation and chemotherapy after it.
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PMID:[Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid: long-term survival]. 815 60

Single metastases of the brain treated from January 1989 do December 1992 at the Neurosurgical Clinic in Sarajevo have been presented. Our approach and selection of patients have also been showed. We have compared our work with current neurosurgical treatment of metastases of the brain. The lung have been the source of the single brain metastases in 67%. Anaplastic carcinoma have been the most common pathohistological diagnosis. Metastases have been found in the cerebrum in 80% cases. Percent of the males patients have been 67%. The most frequently, patients have been ages 40-59. The single brain metastases with good general condition of the patient have been operative treatment indication. Operative mortality have been 12%. All patients have been treated by radiotherapy after operating. Contrast-enhanced CT of the brain have used to make preoperative diagnosis.
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PMID:[Personal experience in the treatment of single brain metastases and comparison with current neurosurgical approaches]. 962 72

Rule and indications of lymph node dissection (LD) in thyroid carcinoma is still under debate because of the biological variety of different histological types and the difficulty to have an accurate preoperative diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes; moreover prognostic factors of metastatic lymph nodes are still unclear. The AA. have separately analyzed different thyroid carcinomas and different clinical situations requiring thyroid LD. Metastatic lymph nodes from differentiated carcinomas, including papillary and follicular type, range from 12 to 90% and apparently do not worsen the prognosis. Level II-VI LD is indicated in presence of metastatic lymph nodes or macroscopic nodal recurrence after a previous LD. No prognostic advantages have been demonstrated when LD is performed without clinical or instrumental evidence of metastatic disease, including suspected recurrence characterised only by plasma Thyreoglobulin increased values. Lymph node metastases from medullary carcinoma range from 25 to 63%. Level II-VI LD is indicated if node metastases are present, whereas prophylactic LD, confined to level VI, is always recommended. Controversies still remain about: 1) LD extension whether it is prophylactic (level VI vs. II- VI) or in case of nodal involvement (levels II- VI monolateral or bilateral), 2) LD indications in case of an increased plasma Calcitonin levels during the follow-up after total thyroidectomy, without clinical or instrumental evidence of nodes involvement. Anaplastic carcinoma represents 5% of all thyroid carcinomas; it is the most aggressive type with an early tendency to invade surrounding organs and to give metastases; prognosis is very poor. LD is indicated only for a palliation in cases with compression syndromes.
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PMID:[The lymph node dissection in thyroid carcinoma]. 1713 33

Primary Thyroid Lymphoma (PTL) is lymphomatous process involving the thyroid gland without contiguous spread or distant metastases from other areas of involvement at diagnosis. It is a rare tumor usually presenting in 60s with rapidly enlarging thyroid mass. Proper evaluation of FNAC specimens is essential in diagnosis as they may be confused with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis or Anaplastic Carcinomas. With the advent of rituximab (monoclonal antibodies binding B-lymphocytes), chemotherapy is the mainstay therapy- CHOP + rituximab. However, there may still be some role of local therapies. We present here two cases which had presented at our OPD in last year. Both our patients had presented with rapidly enlarging neck masses with compressive features. Both were reported as Hashimoto's Thyroiditis on initial FNAC. Both underwent thyroidectomy followed by chemotherapy with CHOP + rituximab and are now doing well with no recurrence till date.
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PMID:Primary thyroid lymphoma: a series of two cases and review of literature. 2477 59

We describe a case of a 52-year-old man who presented with a neck tumor. Ultrasonography and a neck computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large, 6-cm mass in the left thyroid lobe. Analysis of cytological specimens obtained from the mass indicated the tumor was classIV (indicative of anaplastic carcinoma). In addition, chest CT revealed multiple small nodules in the lung, which we suspected were metastases from the primary thyroid carcinoma. To relieve pressure symptoms in the neck, we performed left hemithyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Six months after surgery, a chest CT scan revealed enlargement of a nodule in the left lung. CT-guided biopsy of the left lung mass indicated a histopathological diagnosis of metastasis from anaplastic carcinoma. Four cycles of paclitaxel chemotherapy suppressed enlargement of the lung tumor. The patient's general condition gradually deteriorated; however, and he died 15 months after surgery. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is generally considered to be one of the most aggressive cancers encountered in humans. In this case, surgical intervention led to improved clinical symptoms and prognosis.
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PMID:[A case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with surgical treatment]. 2573 74

Anaplastic carcinoma thyroid is an aggressive malignancy with very poor survival rate. In this study, we reviewed the records of 34 patients with anaplastic carcinoma thyroid in our centre and we divided them into groups T4a, T4b, and T4c. The case records were reviewed for presentation, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up and we analysed the data using statistical methods. The median age group was 65 years with 22 women and 12 men. There were 16 patients (47%) with a history of thyroid swelling of more than 2 years duration. Of these 16 patients 6 were found to be in T4a group. There were 6 patients in T4a, 14 each in T4b and T4c. All the patients in T4a group were operated and completed multimodal management. The group with T4a had the best prognosis with a mean survival of 1 year. The patients with extracapsular disease (T4b) completed chemotherapy along with radiotherapy. These patients had a mean survival of 6 months. Only 2 patients in metastatic group completed the course of chemotherapy with radiotherapy. The other 12 patients died during the course of treatment due to respiratory failure. The mean survival in this group was a dismal 15 days. On univariate analysis metastatic disease, extracapsular disease, size more than 5 cm and involvement of lymph nodes were the reasons for incomplete treatment and hence markers of worst prognosis. There are 47% of the patients with prior history of thyroid swelling which gives us time to identify and manage thyroid swellings with propensity to undergo anaplastic transformation.
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PMID:Anaplastic Carcinoma Thyroid - A Review on the Management of this Aggressive Cancer. 3034 32


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