Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abdominal operations induce immunosuppression during the time when tumors are manipulated and tumor cells are released into the circulation. The authors tested the hypothesis that the combined effect of these factors may promote the development of metastatic tumor implants and that perioperative treatment with Human Recombinant Interleukin-2 (RIL-2), a known immunostimulant of t, natural killer (NK), and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells may reduce the incidence of liver metastases from transplantable rat colon cancers. Hepatic metastases were induced in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats by injecting 10(7) rat colon tumor cells into the portal venous system during laparotomy. Control rats developed tumors by four weeks and were dead by ten weeks. Eleven groups of rats underwent celiotomy with portal vein injection of tumor on day three. Rats received either no RIL-2, RIL-2, or excipient buffer at varying doses on days 1 through 5 or 3 through 7 of these experiments. Animals were assessed for the presence of tumor and the incidence of liver metastases at autopsy (sacrifice and autopsy performed at seven weeks). Eighty-five percent of the rats in the untreated group developed tumor. This compared with only 50 percent of animals receiving 10(3) u/dose (P less than .025) and 42 percent of animals receiving 10(4) u/dose (P less than .01) of Interleukin-2 on days 1 through 5. Animals receiving very high doses of RIL-2 (10(5) or 4 X 10(5) units per dose) had a greater chance of developing tumors than did control rats, or rats receiving lower doses of RIL-2 (P less than .05). It is concluded that the perioperative period may be critical for the implantation and growth of metastatic disease and that perioperative immunostimulation with RIL-2 can decrease the incidence of tumors in these animals. This model may have relevance to the treatment of human colon cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Jul
PMID:Reduced incidence of hepatic metastases by perioperative treatment with recombinant human interleukin-2. 349 96

Ultrasonic examinations conducted in order to diagnose the depth of invasion and local lymph node metastases of rectal cancer. The intrarectal approach was performed preoperatively in 99 patients with rectal cancer, using either an Olympus-Aloka ultrasonic endoscopeTM (7.5 MHz) or other probes (Aloka, 7.5 MHz, 5 MHz). Through this method, intrapelvic organs were detected clearly, and hypoechoic findings due to tumors were detected in all patients. The normal rectal wall was echogenically divided into five layers, the third layer being the submucosal and the fourth layer being the proper muscle layer. In some cases, the proper muscle layer was divided into three layers in the echogram. In 79 of 88 patients, the diagnosis of depth of invasion, classified into three groups, was possible. Metastatic lymph nodes were shown as a hypoechoic round mass. In 52 of 71 patients proven to have local lymph node metastases in surgical specimens, lymph node metastases were diagnosed preoperatively. Thus, intrarectal ultrasonography provides valuable information concerning the choice of operating methods for rectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1986 Apr
PMID:Evaluation of echographic diagnosis of rectal cancer using intrarectal ultrasonic examination. 351 99

Controversies exist regarding the surgical treatment of the ovaries in women with primary colorectal cancer. A review of the authors' experience and the surgical literature reveals an incidence of ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer of approximately 6 percent. This problem may occur somewhat more frequently in premenopausal women. Resection of the ovaries at the time of colectomy is unlikely to affect survival. Removal of the ovaries at the time of bowel resection will prevent repeat laparotomy to resect an ovarian mass in approximately 2 percent of women with large bowel cancer. Oophorectomy should be performed in all postmenopausal females at the time of primary resection. Oophorectomy should be performed in premenopausal women if any gross abnormality of the ovary is detected or if peritoneal implants are seen at the time of primary resection.
Dis Colon Rectum 1986 Nov
PMID:Ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer. 353 72

The induction of colonic adenocarcinoma using two different regimens of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in Fischer F344 rats is described. Rats receiving 20 mg/kg of DMH per week for 20 weeks developed primary tumors with metastases, whereas rats receiving the same weekly dose for 15 weeks developed primary tumors only. The most common route of metastases was transcelomic which often was associated with ascites. The epithelial origin of malignant ascites cells was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining with antidesmosomal antibodies and demonstration of desmosomes by electron microscopy. When transplanted into syngeneic rats, the cells of the malignant ascites resulted in the development of adenocarcinomatous metastases.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Apr
PMID:Transplantable colonic adenocarcinomas in rats. 354 99

The authors report their experience with the staging laparotomy as a means of identifying and preparing patients for high-dose preoperative radiotherapy. Twelve patients had clinically unresectable cancers of the rectum. The goal of the staging laparotomy is to assess mobility and tumor size by means of bimanual palpation, to stage the abdominal cavity, and to fashion an end colostomy at the level of the descending colon. Eight patients ultimately underwent radical resection. Three died during follow-up due to hematogenic metastases without recurrent pelvic disease. Five patients are alive with no evidence of disease and have been followed for an average of 34 months (range, 20 to 64 months).
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 May
PMID:Staging laparotomy for inoperable or borderline operable cancer of the rectum. 356 25

A total of 1578 patients were treated with potentially curative surgical resection for colon and rectal cancer by one surgeon from 1950 to 1982. Follow-up revealed that 117 (11.5 percent) of 1013 patients with rectal carcinoma eventually presented with clinical evidence of pulmonary recurrence, with or without evidence of spread elsewhere; the corresponding figures for the colon were 20 (3.5 percent) of 565 (P less than 0.001). An analysis of the times to recurrence revealed that half of the lung recurrences were clinically obvious within 32 months for rectal tumors and 34 months for colonic, compared to 22 and 21 months, respectively, for liver recurrences, excluding those with other distant metastases. The slower recurrence rate and the longer survival in patients with recurrences in the lung compared to the liver were statistically significant only for rectal primaries (P less than 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively). Sixteen patients underwent surgery with curative intention for lung recurrences; four of these remain alive at two, six, 11, and 15 years, and one patient was free of recurrence when he died from other causes 15 months after surgery. The conditional probability survival rate for the 16 patients was 38 +/- 13 percent at five years after recurrence operation.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Jun
PMID:Lung recurrence after curative surgery for colorectal cancer. 359 58

Following 630 potentially curative resections, three patients had reoperations for metachronous tumors and 36 for local recurrences. Twenty-four of the latter were identified at follow-up clinic, but 12 presented as emergencies with obstruction. At reoperation only five patients had obvious hepatic metastases. Further colon resections were performed in ten patients. Nine of the 36 survived more than 12 months and three are alive and well over five years after reoperation.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Jun
PMID:Clinical follow-up and treatment of locally recurrent colorectal cancer. 359 60

Twenty-two patients with pulmonary metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum had sputum samples examined for cytology. All patients had lesions demonstrated on chest roentgenography and eight patients also underwent bronchoscopy. Three or more sputum samples were examined for eight patients, two samples for seven patients, and seven patients had one sample only examined. In five of 22 patients, the sputum samples were reported to be unsatisfactory for cytodiagnosis. Of the remaining 17, nine patients had at least one positive result for metastatic adenocarcinoma and in two additional cases the sample showed atypical cells. The result was therefore positive or atypical in 11 of 17 patients (65 percent). The positive cytology rate reported (79 percent for multiple pulmonary metastases) represents an improvement compared with previously published work. In this study 14 patients had either one or two samples collected for cytology and it is likely that the positivity rate would have been higher if three samples had been collected.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Sep
PMID:Sputum cytology for the detection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma. 362 75

In a retrospective review, 62 patients treated for rectal cancer by contact (endocavitary) irradiation at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation were analyzed. This treatment modality delivers high dose, low penetration irradiation to a rectal cancer by direct contact of a 50 KV x-ray source through a special proctoscope. Cancers selected for this treatment include small (3 cm or less), mobile tumors without presacral lymphadenopathy that are within reach of digital examination and are well- or moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Between 1973 and 1984, 62 patients (37 males, 25 females) were treated--46 by contact irradiation alone and 16 by contact irradiation after excisional biopsy. The median tumor dose was 12,000 rads administered in four fractions at monthly intervals. Mean follow-up was 31 months. Fifty-six patients (90 percent) were disease-free at the time of review or death (ten died from unrelated causes). Eleven patients (18 percent) developed local recurrence but eight of these without distant metastases were rendered disease-free by other treatment--six by surgical resection and two by further radiotherapy. Mean time since secondary treatment is 20 months. Three patients are alive with incurable disease and three have died from cancer--in three of these six patients there was no evidence of local disease. Ulcerated tumors developed local recurrence in five of 17 cases (29 percent) while polypoid tumors recurred locally in six cases (14 percent). Morbidity from the treatment was minor in nature. It is suggested that contact (endocavitary) irradiation is effective treatment for carefully selected cases of rectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Nov
PMID:Definitive management of rectal cancer by contact (endocavitary) irradiation. 367 56

Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats received weekly injections of dimethylhydrazine for three months. They were subsequently laparotomized and tumors were palpated in 21 rats. The colonic tumor was removed and a fraction was autotransplanted into the wall of the transverse colon and a second fraction into the subcapsular space of the left kidney. The results demonstrated successful autotransplantation of colonic tumors in 13 of 21 rats (i.e., 62 percent). In 11 of the 21 rats (52 percent) the tumor grew in the left kidney. Of the various experimental methods proposed for the study of tumor metastases, the one described herein appears to be the first in which primary and secondary tumors were studied in the same individual, since dimethylhydrazine-treated rats usually develop more than one colonic tumor per individual. The model may be useful to monitor the effect of various drugs known to affect tumor growth, not only at the primary site, but also at the site of metastasis.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Nov
PMID:A model for the study of metastases from colonic tumors by autotransplantation. 367 65


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