Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-two patients underwent hepatic resection for isolated colorectal metastases from 1963 to 1988. The numbers of hepatic resections were: lobectomy, 24 (39 percent); wedge resection, 23 (37 percent); and segmentectomy, 15 (24 percent). The median number of intraoperative blood transfusions was 3.0 units (range, 0-16 units). The median number of days in the hospital following hepatic resection was 13 (range, 4-51 days). There were 19 patients (30 percent), who developed a total of 23 complications. Surgery was required for complications in nine patients. Surgical mortality occurred in 5 of 62 (8 percent) patients. The estimated median survival in 56 patients with one to three metastases was 26 months, with a 28 percent estimated 5-year survival. The median size of the metastases was 4.0 cm (range, 0.7-13 cm). The estimated median survival in 27 patients with metastases less than 4 cm in diameter was 26 months, with a 24 percent estimated 5-year survival. The estimated median overall survival from the time of hepatic resection was 25 months.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Oct
PMID:Morbidity and survival of liver resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma. 174 79

The predictive value of a negative computed tomographic (CT) scan was assessed in a group of 100 patients with rectal carcinoma by correlating operative findings and pathologic stages in the patients who had no evidence of extrapelvic metastases on a preoperative CT scan. Sixty-four patients (64 percent) had stage T3 or T4 tumors. Ten patients had unsuspected distant metastases for an overall negative predictive value of 90 percent. Seven patients had small liver metastases, and three had periaortic nodal metastases. Six of the patients with liver metastases had them completely resected at the original laparotomy. The predictive value of the CT scan diminished in the patients who were selected to receive full-dose preoperative radiation therapy and had a mean delay of 12 weeks between CT scan and laparotomy. The preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels were of no value in predicting the presence of distant metastases. These results show that a negative CT scan will fail to detect 10 percent of patients with small liver metastases or positive periaortic nodes.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:Predictive value of a negative computed tomographic scan in 100 patients with rectal carcinoma. 191 37

Overexpression of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and their involvement in the detoxification of anticancer agents has prompted numerous investigations of the enzyme activity of human tumor tissue. This study represents an in-depth evaluation of the contribution of patient history and pathological status to the GST activity of various human tissues. GST activity was elevated significantly in tumors of the lung, breast and colon as compared to unmatched and matched normal tissue from the same organ. The GST activity of primary breast tumors varied significantly with the stage of the tumor. Breast tumors previously treated with both radiation and chemotherapy had significantly lower levels of GST activity than untreated tumors. Neither progesterone nor estrogen receptor content was associated with the GST activity in primary breast tumors. Colon metastases possessed higher levels of GST activity than primary colon tumors but enzyme activity was independent of the Duke's classification of the tumor. Only tumors of the left colon had levels of GST activity that were higher than those of adjacent normal mucosa. No relationship was evident between either age or sex and the GST activity of any of the tissues examined. GST activity levels may reflect the site-specific ability of tissues to provide cellular protection against xenobiotics.
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PMID:Contribution of patient history to the glutathione S-transferase activity of human lung, breast and colon tissue. 193 78

The lymphatic system is an important route of spread of hepatic metastatic disease to extrahepatic sites. Although portal and celiac nodes are commonly evaluated both pre- and intraoperatively in patients considered for resection, cephalad sites of drainage of the liver represent a more occult pitfall. We report a case of colon cancer metastatic to the right lobe with an isolated extrahepatic deposit in a mediastinal lymph node. This preoperative diagnosis was confirmed at a subsequent operation, leading to a change in treatment plan. We believe that such occurrences may be unrecognized rather than rare. Careful evaluation of the mediastinum prior to proceeding with hepatic resection may improve patient selection, and hence the outcome, of this procedure.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Dec
PMID:Isolated spread of hepatic metastatic disease to a mediastinal lymph node. Report of a case and review of pertinent anatomy and literature. 195 65

Colonic adenocarcinomas measuring less than 10 mm are rare. Herein, we report a carcinoma measuring 8 mm in diameter associated with subserosal extension through a "locus minoris resistentiae" and metastases to lymph nodes, an association not previously reported. No residual adenomatous tissue was found, suggesting a de novo carcinoma.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Mar
PMID:Primary de novo adenocarcinoma of the colon measuring 8 mm in diameter with lymph node metastases. Report of a case. 199 37

We investigated the effect of beta-cyclodextrin-benzaldehyde (CDBA) on lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity of spleen cells from normal or RCT(+)H-2(+)-sarcoma-bearing C3H/He mice. CDBA augmented the induction of LAK cytotoxicity in vitro against RCT(+)H-2+ tumor cells by IL-2, whereas the culture with CDBA alone did not. In a LAK cytotoxicity assay in vitro, the augmentative effect of CDBA was strongly exerted against spleen cells originating from 2-week-tumor-bearing mice, rather than those from normal mice or mice that had born tumors for 5 weeks. Such an augmentative effect was not observed against other tumor cells (YAC-1, D-6, Colon-26 and EL-4 cells) non-specifically. When the intravenous adoptive transfer of LAK cells was carried out in the mice, LAK cells from tumor-bearing mice induced by combined culture with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CDBA markedly inhibited the pulmonary metastases of RCT(+)H-2+ tumor, while neither LAK cells from the same tumor-bearing mice induced by only IL-2 nor those from normal mice inhibited the pulmonary metastasis. The majority of LAK cells induced either by IL-2 plus CDBA or by IL-2 alone were found to be Thy1.2+ and asialoGM1+ cells by flow-cytometric analysis, but no obvious phenotypical difference was observed between them. However, the most significant effect of CDBA might be the maintenance of the Lyt-2+ cell level in the spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that the costimulation of spleen cells with IL-2 and CDBA might induce cytotoxic T cells specific for syngeneic tumor cells.
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PMID:Augmentation of murine lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity by beta-cyclodextrin-benzaldehyde. 200 9

We have developed an animal model for colon cancer metastasis and produced a metastasizing tumor after using a microinjection technique to inject SW480 cells into the cecal wall of athymic nude mice during "minilaparotomy." After the metastatic foci formed in murine lung, an in vitro primary culture was performed and a new metastatic cancer cell line, which was designated as CC-ML3, was established. The studies included: 1) the comparison between SW 480 and CC-ML3 in morphology, growth kinetics, seeding and plating efficiency, and karyotype; and 2) carcino-embryonic antigen determination, origination, and metastatic ability of CC-ML3. The results showed that CC-ML3 was significantly different from SW480 in vitro and possessed a high metastatic potential in vivo. This newly developed animal model may thus be useful for studying the biology and pathogenesis of metastasis of human colonic cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Jun
PMID:An animal model for colon cancer metastatic cell line with enhanced metastasizing ability. Establishment and characterization. 203 25

Hepatic resection is the only curative therapy currently available for colorectal cancer metastases to the liver. However, concern over high morbidity and mortality of the procedure has limited referral of patients for resection. The authors report on 58 patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal metastases at the National Cancer Institute between the years 1976 and 1985. Thirty-two patients underwent a major hepatic resection, and 26 patients underwent one or more wedge resections. Mean anesthesia time was 448 minutes, mean estimated blood loss was 3663 ml, and mean hospital stay was 17.5 days. Operative mortality was 3 percent, and morbidity was 62 percent. Using a grading scale for complications, 24 percent of patients had inconsequential complications, 16 percent had moderate complications, and 19 percent had severe complications. Complications were clearly related to extent of procedure. Factors that correlated best with morbidity were high blood loss and trisegmentectomy. The authors conclude that while hepatic resection can carry a high morbidity, much of this morbidity is minor and operative mortality is low. Recent improvements in anesthesia, improved resection technique, and a better understanding of hepatic anatomy have made possible correspondingly lower morbidity and mortality rates. Careful selection of patients can make hepatic resection a safe procedure.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 May
PMID:Morbidity and mortality of hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. 215 18

Fewer than 100 cases of Paget's disease located in the perianal skin have been reported since the extramammary location was first described in 1893. Two patients seen and treated in the authors' institutions with disease limited to the epidermis and its adnexae are described to illustrate the usual presentation and pathobiology of the disease. A staging classification based on the disease pathology has been developed from the cases reported in the literature and correlated with appropriate surgical treatment. Stage I disease treated with wide local excision promises unlimited survival, whereas the prognosis worsens for Stage II, with synchronous localized malignancies, and for Stages III and IV, with regional and distant metastatic disease, respectively.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Jun
PMID:Perianal Paget's disease. Classification and review of management: report of two cases. 216 27

The management of patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma is controversial. While a "no treatment" attitude still persists, other patients undergo systemic chemotherapy with very limited results. Other possible options are hepatic resection and locoregional treatments. One hundred twenty-three patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer were treated at the authors' institution over a period of 15 years. Thirty-nine patients underwent hepatic resection while 84 underwent various forms of locoregional treatment. Several patients in the latter group were registered in one national (RNSI) Phase 2 study and one international (EORTC) Phase 3 trial. The authors' experience confirms the opinion that hepatic resection can be performed with the aim of curing in patients with isolated metastases. A five-year survival rate can be achieved in 25 to 30 percent of the resectable patients. Patients with unresectable extrahepatic disease or multiple bilateral metastases are usually excluded from resection. In other cases, hepatic resection should be carried out when technically possible. The value of adjuvant chemotherapy to the remaining liver has to be tested in prospective randomized trials. Patients with diffuse metastases can benefit from locoregional infusion of chemotherapeutic agents. Symptoms improve in most patients; objective responses vary from 53 to 83 percent of the cases, which is a higher rate than that reported for systemic chemotherapy. Survival may be prolonged in respect to untreated patients but this has not been demonstrated yet by prospective randomized studies. Current trends are continuous infusion of chemotherapeutic agents and experimentation of new drugs or drug combinations. Future improvements may be achieved by adding hepatic arterial ischemia, hyperthermia, or radiation therapy. As these kinds of treatments are still experimental, they should be applied to the patients only in the context of prospective clinical trials.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Aug
PMID:Colorectal metastases to the liver: present status of management. 216 54


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