Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare manifestation of metastatic lung cancers and described in advanced diseases or during cytotoxic chemotherapy which is manifested by sudden onset of dyspnea. The cause or mechanism of spontaneous pneumothorax has been unknown, as well as the association with site of metastases or type of cancers or side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs has been reported rarely. A 68-yr-old man underwent excision of angiosarcoma of the scalp. Chest radiography did not show any evidence of possible metastatic lung lesion at that time. Therefore, systemic doxorubicin and dacarbazine were given. After nineteen days of chemotherapy, he developed a bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax and palpable cervical lymph nodes. Both parietal and visceral pleura were intact and showed no evidence of metastatic and pathologic lesions on thoracoscopic evaluation. The patient managed with bilateral tube thoracostomy and both lungs were expanded. Lymph nodes became unpalpable during three cycles of the paclitaxel and doxorubicin, however, bilateral lung metastases were developed and progressed despite chemotherapy. The patient died due to respiratory failure after five months. This report underlines that spontaneous pneumothorax can occur as the first manifestation of metastatic angiosarcoma even if imaging studies do not show of a metastatic lesion.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax during cytotoxic chemotherapy for angiosarcoma of the scalp: a case report. 1269 29

The increase of utilization of sentinel lymph nodes concept for breast carcinoma has made intraoperative evaluation of immunohistochemistry using epithelial markers attractive. At present the optimal procedures for intraoperative detection of micrometastasis of axillary lymph nodes has not been established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemistry for intraoperative diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Lymph nodes from 170 patients(1048 lymph nodes) were examined immunohistochemistry using anti cytokeratin, compared with intraoperative frozen section of same lymph nodes with H & E staining. Tumor metastases were found in 50 patients(92 lymph nodes) in H & E staining section, compared with 64 patients(113 lymph nodes) stained with anti-cytokeratin. Of 14 patients whose metastases were detected by immunohistochemistry. Routine intraoperative frozen diagnosis using H & E stainings significantly underestimates lymph nodes metastases. The insufficient diagnosis may be overcome by immunohistochemistry using anti-cytokeratin and careful examination of routine sections with good qualities. The true clinical significance of these micrometastases will be determined by long term follow up studies.
 ...
PMID:[Intraoperative evaluation of axillary lymph nodes for micrometastases using immunohistochemistry--preliminary study]. 1288 38

This study investigated the role of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) dual-head gamma camera coincidence imaging (GCI) in the pretreatment evaluation of patients with oesophageal cancer. Twenty-two patients (20 men; mean age, 64 years) with untreated, biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus underwent positron emission tomography (PET) and GCI 1 and 3 h after a single injection of FDG, respectively. Computed tomography (CT) was performed within 2 weeks of the FDG imaging. The sensitivity of lesion detection was compared between GCI and PET. Regional (N) and distant (M) metastases detected by GCI were evaluated with reference to PET and CT. The staging obtained by each modality was also compared with pathological staging in nine patients who underwent surgery. FDG PET detected 22 primary tumours, 34 metastatic lymph nodes and four organ metastases. Of them, GCI detected all primary tumours, 24 (71%) metastatic lymph nodes, and none of the organ metastases. Lymph nodes missed by GCI were smaller in size and the majority of them were located in the thoracic region. GCI provided N and M staging identical to CT and PET in eight patients and improved staging over CT in four patients. On the other hand, GCI missed metastases detected by both PET and CT in five patients. The addition of GCI to CT could improve detection of patients with metastasis to 82% (18/22) compared with 64% (14/22) detected by CT alone. In patients with pathological staging (n = 9), GCI could influence management changes in two patients (22%). In conclusion, FDG GCI has a role that is complementary to CT in the initial staging of patients with oesophageal cancer, and due to the additional detection of nodal metastasis, GCI can provide staging information, which may influence changes in management.
 ...
PMID:Gamma camera coincidence imaging with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in the pretreatment evaluation of patients with oesophageal cancer. 1296 May 95

Melanocytic nevi occurring in lymph nodes create diagnostic difficulty by mimicking metastases. Few studies describe nodal nevi in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) excised for melanoma. We evaluated 72 cases in which patients had undergone SLN biopsy for melanoma. Lymph nodes and cutaneous melanomas were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Nodal nevi were identified in 8 patients (11%). Of these, 6 (75%) had an associated cutaneous nevus (P = .006). Of 21 patients with an associated nevus, 4 (19%) with nodal nevi had a cutaneous nevus with congenital features (P = .01). The incidence of nodal nevus correlated with a Breslow thickness greater than 2.5 mm (P = .02). Nevi were not seen in non-SLNs. Nodal nevi appear more frequently in patients with melanoma-associated cutaneous nevi, particularly if congenital features are present. The increased frequency of nodal nevi in SLNs relative to non-SLNs suggests an etiology of mechanical transport of nevus cells.
 ...
PMID:Nodal melanocytic nevi in sentinel lymph nodes. Correlation with melanoma-associated cutaneous nevi. 1475 Feb 41

We examined axillary lymph nodes from 26 patients with node-negative breast cancer managed by axillary node sampling and no further axillary treatment, but who subsequently developed axillary recurrence after a mean follow-up of 7 years to determine the incidence of micrometastatic disease in these patients. Twenty-six matched controls with an identical length of follow-up who were node-negative on an axillary node sample, but have not developed axillary recurrence, also underwent node examination and the incidence of metastases in the two groups were compared. Lymph nodes were sectioned at two additional levels 100 microm apart. Sections at each level were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and antibodies to PanCK and MUC1 protein. The original H&E section from each node was reviewed and additional sections from each lymph node were examined by a pathologist who was blinded to outcome. Review of the original H&E sections of the nodes revealed metastases that had been overlooked at the time of diagnosis in two (8%) patients from the recurrence group. A further two (8%) patients from the recurrence group and three (12%) from the control group had axillary nodes which contained micrometastases. Immunocytochemistry was important in identifying all micrometastases. There was no significant difference in the incidence of axillary node micrometastases between patients with and without axillary node recurrence. Although the number of cases was small, this study suggests that axillary recurrence following a negative sampling procedure is not commonly due to missed axillary node metastases.
 ...
PMID:Occult lymph node metastases in patients with 'node negative' breast carcinoma treated with conservation surgery and axillary node sample and who subsequently developed axillary recurrence. 1496 75

The purpose of this study was to describe an alternative lateral neck access to perform lymph nodes sampling and/or neck dissection via extra-thyroideal space (MRND vets) in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph nodes involvment. Twenty-four consecutive patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were included. Lymph nodes sampling and modified radical neck dissection, unilateral or bilateral, were performed acceding via a lateral dissection through a traditional Kocher incision, running along the medial fascia of the neck, posteriorly to the sterno-cleido-mastoideus muscle (SCM). Mean age was 39.04 +/- 13.69 years. Twenty patients were women, and 4 were men. Mean tumor size was 2.5 +/- 1 cm.. Total thyroidectomy with lymph nodes dissection of the central compartment associated to modified radical neck dissection was performed in 17 patients: among these, nine patients had a preoperative diagnosis of the latero-cervical lymph nodes metastases, and eight had a perioperative diagnosis of metastases of the extensive sampling of the lower third of the jugular chain. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 107 out of 615 lymph nodes dissected. The MNRD vets access for modified lateral neck dissection seems to carry a lower risk in terms of specific morbility and allows a quicker recovery and a better cosmetic result. This access has to be considered as a less invasive procedure compared to other surgical accesses for the radical modified lateral neck dissection.
 ...
PMID:Modified radical neck dissection via extra-thyroideal space (MRND vets) in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 1505 94

The purpose of our study was to develop specific, sensitive, objective assays for early detection of disseminated tumour cells in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) were chosen as markers because they are selectively expressed in epithelial cells with maintained expression in CRC. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays with RNA copy standards were constructed. Regional lymph nodes were collected from patients with CRC (n = 51) and benign intestinal disease (n = 10). Results were compared to routine histopathology and anti-CEA immunohistochemistry. Lymph node levels of CEA and CK20 mRNA correlated strongly (p < 0.0001, r = 0.8). Lymph nodes from non-CRC patients had <0.01 CEA and <0.001 CK20 mRNA copies/18S rRNA unit. Lymph nodes from 3/6 Dukes' A, 17/26 Dukes' B, 10/10 Dukes' C and 7/9 Dukes' D patients had CEA mRNA levels above cut-off. Corresponding figures for CK20 mRNA were 3/6, 10/26, 9/10 and 5/9, respectively. CEA mRNA levels varied from 0.001 to 100 copies/18S rRNA unit in Dukes' A and B, and 50% of the Dukes' B patients had CEA mRNA levels within the range of Dukes' C patients. Three Dukes' B patients have died from CRC or developed distant metastases. All 3 had high CEA and CK20 mRNA levels. Determination of mRNA was superior to immunohistochemistry in showing CEA expression in lymph nodes. The present qRT-PCR assay for CEA mRNA seems to be a superior tool to identify individuals with disseminated tumour cells. Future extended studies will establish the clinically most relevant cut-off level.
 ...
PMID:Detection of occult tumour cells in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients using real-time quantitative RT-PCR for CEA and CK20 mRNAS. 1518 50

Adoptive transfer of effector T cells has been used successfully to eliminate metastases in animal models. Because antitumor activity depends on the number of effector cells transferred, some human trials have used in vitro-repetitive activation and expansion techniques to increase cell number. We hypothesized that the prolonged culture period might contribute to the lack of human trial success by decreasing the potency of the effector T cells. Lymph nodes draining a progressively growing murine melanoma tumor transduced to secrete granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor were harvested and activated in vitro with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody followed by expansion in IL-2 for a total of 5 days in culture. Some lymphocytes were reactivated and further expanded for a total of 9 days in culture. In vivo activity of the effector T cells was measured by the reduction in lung metastases and is shown to be dose dependent. The prolonged culture period resulted in nearly 3-fold more T cells but at least 8-fold less antitumor activity. This was accompanied by decreased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN-gamma, and increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Thus, although increased cell number is important to maximize the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy, some culture conditions may actually be counterproductive in that decreases in cell potency can outweigh the benefits of increased cell numbers. The T-cell cytokine secretion pattern predicts decreased effector cell function and may explain the decreased antitumor effect.
 ...
PMID:Prolonged culture of vaccine-primed lymphocytes results in decreased antitumor killing and change in cytokine secretion. 1560 82

This study was undertaken to compare the performance of colour Doppler (CDS), power Doppler (PDS) and 3-D power Doppler sonography (3-D PDS) in the assessment of vascular pattern and vessel displacement of cervical lymph nodes. Colour Doppler (2-D CDS), power Doppler (2-D PDS) and 3-D power Doppler sonograms (3D PDS) of 145 cervical nodes were reviewed (metastases n=60, lymphoma n=30, tuberculosis n=23, reactive n=25, Kimura disease n=7). Sonograms of the three imaging modes were reviewed separately with an interval of 2 weeks. Lymph nodes were assessed for the vascular pattern (hilar, peripheral or mixed) and the presence or absence of displacement of hilar vascularity. For the assessment of displacement of hilar vascularity, only lymph nodes that showed hilar or mixed vascularity in the three imaging modes were included in the analysis. Results showed that there was a high level of agreement between CDS and PDS in assessment of vascular patterns (kappa=0.914), whereas the level of agreement between CDS and 3-D PDS (kappa=0.484) and between PDS and 3-D PDS (kappa=0.452) was low. There was a high level of agreement in the assessment of displacement of hilar vascularity among the three imaging modes (CDS and PDS, kappa=0.942; CDS and 3-D PDS, kappa=0.808; PDS and 3-D PDS, kappa=0.865). In the assessment of vascular patterns of cervical lymphadenopathy, CDS and PDS have a similar performance. However, accurate assessment of the vascular pattern of cervical nodes may be difficult using 3-D PDS. In the assessment of displacement of hilar vascularity, the performances of CDS, PDS and 3-D PDS are similar.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of cervical lymph node vascularity: a comparison of colour Doppler, power Doppler and 3-D power Doppler sonography. 1561 28

From a cohort of female breast cancer patients registered at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, in Lahore, Pakistan, during the time period extending from December 1994 to December 2002, 700 subjects who were followed up in time, were selected. Those who presented with benign tumors, carcinoma in situ, or metastases were excluded from the analyses. Age, tumor size, nodal status, menopause, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) status, at the time of presentation, were determined. Tumors were classified according to the TNM classification (American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC)-sixth edition), and subsequently, grouped into T1/T2 and T3/T4. Lymph nodes were categorized as N0 (node-negative) and N1, N2, and N3 combined (node-positive). The odds ratio (OR) for developing recurrence in T3/T4 versus T1/T2 was determined to be 2.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-3.05, p < 0.001); the OR for node-positive relative to node-negative was found to be 2.54 (95 % CI 1.61-4.0, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the association between the odds of developing recurrence in ER-positive compared to ER-negative was represented by an OR of 0.61, (95 % CI 0.40-0.94 (p= 0.02)). These findings are consistent with the observations that ER-positive, node-negative, and T1/T2 lesions have a decreased risk of recurrence. Also, ER-positive patients may have a better response to hormonal treatment than those who are ER-negative.
 ...
PMID:Variables associated with recurrence in breast cancer patients-the Shaukat Khanum Memorial experience. 1578 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>