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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tongue metastases are exceptional, with a frequency of 0.1% to 0.2% in autopsy series of patients with disseminated cancer. A case of secondary papillary endometrial carcinoma of the tongue is reported as the first sign of metastasis in a 78-year-old white woman treated 7 years before by complete hysterectomy and radiotherapy. The lesion presented as a 3 x 3-cm submucosal mass of the dorsum of the tongue. Fine-needle aspiration and excisional biopsy established the diagnosis. Metastases to the lungs, liver, and bone developed 3 months later, and she died 6.5 months after initial diagnosis. A review of reports of 77 lingual metastases showed that the mean age was 57 years, with a male predominance. The lung, kidney, and skin were the most common primary sites. The tongue was the first site of metastases in 61% and the first sign of the primary malignant neoplasm in 15% of the cases. Average survival was 10 months.
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PMID:Metastatic papillary endometrial carcinoma of the tongue. Case report and review of the literature. 152 64

A new model of lymph node metastasis was successfully established by serial transplantation of a metastatic tumor to the submandibular lymph node from a chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue into the buccal pouch in hamsters. Tongue carcinomas were induced by application of a 0.5% solution of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in acetone. The tongue tumors and metastatic tumors to the submandibular lymph nodes were transplanted to the buccal pouch of recipient hamsters. In the first generation, lymph node metastases were found only in hamsters that received a metastatic tumor. The metastatic tumors to the lymph nodes were maintained by serial transplantation into the buccal pouch from metastatic sites until the eleventh generation. The incidence of lymph node metastasis exceeded 90% in animals after the ninth generation.
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PMID:A model for the study of lymph node metastasis from oral carcinoma by serial transplantation of metastatic tumor in hamsters. 211 32

A retrospective review of the records of 501 previously untreated patients from January 1, 1965 through December 31, 1986 with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of ipsilateral neck node metastases (NM) by neck level. The 501 patients underwent 516 radical neck dissections. Patients were grouped by clinical neck status at the time of neck dissection: elective dissection (ED) in the N0 neck, immediate therapeutic dissection (ITD) in the N+ neck, and subsequent therapeutic dissection (STD) in the neck observed which converted clinically to N+. Pathologically identified NM occurred 34% of the time in ED, 69% in ITD and 90% in STD. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the clinical exam was 70%, 65%, and 68%, respectively. Detailed analysis was performed for each group based on the primary site. This revealed a prevalence of NM in level IV of 3% (five of 167) for ED versus 17% (49/296) for ITD + STD (P less than 0.001). Tongue, retromolar trigone, and cheek did not have NM in level V in any group. The prevalence of NM in level V for floor of mouth or gum primaries was less than 1% (one of 109) in ED versus 6% (ten of 167) in ITD + STD (P less than 0.03). These data support the trend toward selective limited neck dissection in both N0 and N+ patients. Further, they provide the foundation for planning of future prospective trials to assess the efficacy of modifications in the extent of neck dissection.
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PMID:The patterns of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. 235 99

Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue has been found to have a greater frequency of cervical metastases on initial examination than lesions affecting other oral sites. This study analyzes a sample of 21 pathological specimens of oral carcinoma and block neck dissections relating the confirmed histological presence of cervical metastasis to the depth of invasion of the primary lesion. Tongue carcinomas were compared with lesions affecting other oral sites. An arbitrary anatomical levelling system was devised to assess the depth of invasion. Tongue carcinomas show a propensity to infiltrate more deeply than lesions affecting other oral sites. For the entire sample, carcinomas infiltrating the superficial lamina propria occurred much less frequently than lesions showing a deeper infiltration pattern. Overall, lesions infiltrating the deep lamina propria do not exhibit a reduced frequency of occurrence compared to lesions infiltrating the skeletal muscle; however, carcinomas affecting other oral sites showed a reduced frequency of deeply infiltrating lesions in comparison to more superficial lesions. Carcinomas confined to the superficial lamina propria seem to have a better prognosis in relation to developing cervical metastases, and this does not appear to be influenced by age, sex, site, size, or degree of differentiation.
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PMID:Cervical lymph node metastases of oral carcinoma related to the depth of invasion of the primary lesion. 371 87

Tongue swellings and growths are traditionally evaluated by surgical biopsy. Most of them, however, are easily accessible by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). We reviewed 75 lesions presenting as tongue swellings, which were examined by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in our institutions over a period of 11 yr. The lesions included 17 malignant tumors: 12 cases of squamous carcinoma (SQC), 2 metastases, and 3 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In addition, 15 benign tumors and 43 nonneoplastic benign conditions were found. Thirteen of the 17 malignant lesions were diagnosed cytologically as malignant, 3 as suspicious for malignancy, and 1 as atypical, with biopsy recommended. There were no false-positive diagnoses. There were no clinical complications resulting from FNA. We conclude that FNAC of the tongue permits rapid and reliable diagnosis, and we recommend this method as the first diagnostic step in the evaluation of tongue swellings.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of tongue swellings: a study of 75 cases. 984 Nov 39

Tongue swellings and growths are traditionally evaluated by surgical biopsy. Most of them, however, are easily accessible by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). We reviewed 75 lesions presenting as tongue swellings, which were examined by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in our institutions over a period of 11 yr. The lesions included 17 malignant tumors: 12 cases of squamous carcinoma (SQC), 2 metastases, and 3 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In addition, 15 benign tumors and 43 nonneoplastic benign conditions were found. Thirteen of the 17 malignant lesions were diagnosed cytologically as malignant, 3 as suspicious for malignancy, and 1 as atypical, with biopsy recommended. There were no false-positive diagnoses. There were no clinical complications resulting from FNA. We conclude that FNAC of the tongue permits rapid and reliable diagnosis, and we recommend this method as the first diagnostic step in the evaluation of tongue swellings.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of tongue swellings: a study of 75 cases. 962 8

Metastasis within the buccal cavity is a relatively uncommon finding observed in about 1% of malignant tumors in this region. Mandibular or maxillary bones are usually involved as well as soft tissues. Tongue involvement is rare. Secondary localizations arising from the esophagus are exceptional. These metastatic disseminations occur at advances stages. We report a case of tongue metastasis from an esophageal adenocarcinoma in a 73-year-old man who had undergone surgery for lower esophageal adenocarcinoma a few months earlier. The clinical presentation in this context was suggestive of a metastatic process confirmed at histology. Careful pathology examination is required to distinguish primary from secondary localizations and establish the diagnosis of metastasis.
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PMID:[Tongue metastasis from esophageal adenocarcinoma. A case report]. 1246 68

Primary tumours metastasizing to the tongue are very unusual and only anecdotal cases have been reported. An exhaustive literature review covering the period from 1970 onwards disclosed only 22 cases of renal adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the tongue. We report the case of an 87-year-old female patient with oral tongue, lung, liver, thyroid gland, pancreas and renal adenocarcinoma metastases. She had undergone contralateral nephrectomy for clear cell carcinoma 10 years before diagnosis of the metastases. The tongue lesion was surgically removed under local anaesthesia. Tongue metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma is usually a manifestation of widespread disease. The prognosis for patients with lingual metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma is poor, the mean interval from diagnosis of tongue metastasis to death being 5.8 months. In our patient, metastatic involvement of the tongue was detected approximately 5 months before death. Treatment of renal adenocarcinoma metastasis to the tongue is usually palliative and aims to provide patient comfort by means of pain relief and prevention of bleeding and infection. Surgical excision is recommended as the primary treatment, with emphasis on preservation of tongue structure and function. Recent data regarding immunotherapy or immunochemotherapy for metastatic renal adenocarcinoma are encouraging.
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PMID:Uncommon metastatic site of renal adenocarcinoma: the oral tongue. 1507 24

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in the oral cavity are associated with poor survival, mainly due to metastatic disease. In contrast, skin SCCs rarely metastasize and are usually curable. To study influence of tongue and skin stroma on cancer growth and induction of lymphangiogenesis, xenograft tumors of human carcinoma cells were established either in tongue or skin of BALB/c nude mice. Two oral and two skin SCC cell lines were used, as well as an endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line. Tongue tumors established from all cell lines were larger than corresponding skin tumors. Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density was up to five times higher in tongue than in corresponding skin tumors, and mRNA level of the lymphangiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C was twice as high in tongue tumors compared with corresponding skin tumors. Contrary to lymphatic vessel density, blood vessel density was higher in skin tumors than in tongue tumors. In a cohort of patient samples, lymphatic vessel density was found to be higher in tongue SCCs compared with skin SCCs, supporting a clinical relevance of our findings. Our results show that the tumor stroma has a profound impact on cancer growth and induction of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. The difference in lymphatic vessel density between tongue and skin tumors may be important in directing metastatic potential of tumors arising in these organs.
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PMID:Stromal impact on tumor growth and lymphangiogenesis in human carcinoma xenografts. 2089 Jul 64

Schwannomas (neurilemmomas) are benign nerve sheath tumor originating from Schwann cells. They are well circumscribed and rarely infiltrate and metastasize. Schwannomas of the head and neck commonly occur in the tongue followed by the palate, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, and mandible. Tongue base schwannomas could extend to the pharyngeal cavity or the floor of the mouse, and it is difficult to differentiate between tumors of the lingual, hypoglossal, and glossopharyngeal nerves.Surgical treatment of tongue base schwannomas is difficult because of limited operative exposure. Although mandibulotomy with lip splitting could obtain good exposure, surgeons might strike a balance between exposure obtaining and morbidity following because there are intricate neurovascular anatomical relationships in this region, and mandibulotomy with lip splitting would cause significant morbidity. Surgical approach options are important for tongue base schwannoma removal. From March 2008 to March 2010, 8 patients were clinically and pathologically diagnosed with tongue base schwannomas in our department, and all underwent surgical treatment. In our experience, transoral approach was used for tongue base schwannomas extending to the floor of the mouse and suprahyroid pharyngotomy approach for those extending to the pharyngeal cavity. Follow-up was made until now. One patient who experienced transoral excision still experienced numbness in the region of the lateral tongue tip, and the other 7 patients had no postoperative long-term complications.
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PMID:Surgical approaches for tongue base schwannoma. 2334 53


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