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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An essential part of the classification of prostate carcinoma is the diagnosis of bone metastases. This was done with 70 patients using x-ray analysis, scintography, determination of the acid and alkaline phosphatase, and pelvic crest biopsy, as well as aspiration of the pelvic and sternal bone marrow. In addition, the hydroxyproline concentration was determined in the 24-hour-urine. The study, which was initially undertaken on a sample group (n = 145), yielded a high correlation between age and sex and hydroxyproline values. Women before menopause show significantly lower values than do men of the same age. The data on patients with prostata cancer (n = 70) showed that patients with and without bone metastases, who had been treated with estrogens, had a significantly lower quantity of hydroxyproline than did patients who had not received estrogen therapy. Patients with skeletal metastases (n = 24) showed significantly higher hydroxyproline excretion in the urine than did those with prostate cancer without metastases, or healthy men of the same age (n = 35). Comparison of the results of hydroxyproline determination with the other diagnostic methods for demonstrating bone metastases showed that hydroxyproline determination was diagnostically on par with the scintigram. Pelvic crest biopsy, pelvic and sternal marrow aspiration can be considered valuable supplementary diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Urinary hydroxyproline in healthy patients and in prostate patients with and without bone metastases. 44 76

Pulmonary metastases were found in 123 out of 840 patients with thyroid cancer between 1955-1977, 87 patients with pulmonary metastases of differentiated cancer were studied in detail, including an evaluation of prognostically important factors. In 66 of them, the induction of 131I uptake in metastases was attempted, in half of them successfully. Uptake was achieved more frequently in younger subjects, in papillary cancers and in patients with fine pulmonary metastases on chest films. Survival (not corrected for age) was evaluated 10 and 15 years following the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and was found to be 29,1% and 12,2%, respectively. Significantly higher survival rates were seen in younger patients, in patients with the fine type of pulmonary metastases, in the absence of bone metastases and, particularly, in patients with induced 131I uptake in metastases. Papillary cancers were found to have higher survival rates in males and in young subjects only, in the whole group the survival rates were independent of either microscopic type or sex. It is believed that biologic behaviour of distant (pulmonary) metastases may be influenced by radiodide therapy.
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PMID:Radioiodide treatment of pulmonary metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Results and prognostic factors. 47 78

An uncommon manifestation of breast cancer is ureteral obstruction secondary to metastatic disease. Five patients who recently developed this complication from two to 20 years after the diagnosis of breast cancer are described. Only two of the five patients had urinary symptoms. All of the patients were older, postmenopausal females who had bone metastases and all had responded to previous hormonal manipulation. Bone scanning was useful in detecting unsuspected hydronephrosis in two patients. Retroperitoneal disease appears to be a complication of long standing breast cancer which is usually hormonally dependent. Routine examination of the bone scan for renal asymmetry may aid in the diagnosis, especially in asymptomatic patients.
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PMID:Ureteral obstruction secondary to metastatic breast carcinoma. 47 93

One hundred ninety patients with breast cancer were prospectively evaluated for bone pain and had technetium Tc 99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy for bone metastases. Of the 66 patients showing evidence for bone metastases, 21 (32%) did not have bone pain. There were 155 sites of skeletal metastases, but pain was found only in 50 sites. The age of the patient or involvement of weight-bearing bones did not seem to affect the association between bone metastases and pain. We discuss the need for periodic bone scintigraphy, even when the clinical state does not seem to warrant it.
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PMID:Bone metastases and bone pain in breast cancer. Are they closely associated? 48 Jun

Metastatic dissemination of differentiated cancer was studied in a personal group with the following results. Invasion of cancer to adjacent structures can be encountered even in children with typical increase with age. The lymphatic spread to regional lymph nodes is typical of papillary cancers and in young patients. The same type of spread without the age-dependent decrease can also be proved, with lower incidence, in follicular cancers. Pulmonary metastases are frequently the only type of distant metastases and may originate from previous spread to lymph nodes. The isolated bone metastases a;e probably brought about through the vertebral venous system. Patients having multiple bone metastases or both bone and lung lesions are probably the only typical examples of metastasizing through the systemic blood flow. As the above types of distant metastases carry different prognosis they should also be recognized by the TNM system.
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PMID:Mode of spread of thyroid cancer. 48 44

Gallium-67 scanning was evaluated in 100 patients with proved carcinoma of the lung. It was valuable in separating primary from secondary lung tumors, determining the extent of contralateral hilar or mediastinal lymph node involvement, and detecting distant organ metastases. In addition to multiplane whole-body Ga-67 tomographic scanning, colloid liver scans, bone scans, and computerized axial tomography scans of the brain were obtained to determine the presence of distant metastasis. The gallium scan detected 11 of 12 occult metastases and identified 7 of 7 liver, 9 of 14 brain, 4 of 4 soft tissues, 1 of 4 contralateral lung, and 9 of 11 bone metastases. The whole-body gallium scan accurately detected or excluded extrathoracic metastatic disease in 11 of 12 patients examined postmortem within three months of a gallium scan. An approach is recommended using gallium scanning along with chest roentgenograms for clinical staging and preoperative evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the lung. Specific organ scans should be reserved for the occasional symptomatic patient with a negative gallium scan or for clarification of an indeterminate gallium scan.
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PMID:The role of gallium-67 scanning in the clinical staging and preoperative evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the lung. 49 98

The presence or absence of distant metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is critical in making rational therapeutic decisions. Radionucleotide bone and liver scans are frequently utilized in the initial evaluation of these patients for possible distant metastases. The true value of routine bone and liver scans in the initial staging of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is unknown. One hundred eighteen patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, evaluated during a five-year period, were retrospectively reviewed. Eight percent were stage I, 18% stage II, 21% stage III, 53% stage IV. Because metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck is primarily regional or pulmonary, the low prevalence of liver and bone metastases limits the usefulness limits the usefulness of these radionucleotide scans. We conclude that routine bone and liver scanning is not a valuable diagnostic technique in the initial staging of head and neck carcinoma when clinical or biochemical evidence of distant metastases is not present.
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PMID:Value of radionucleotide scanning in the staging of head and neck carcinoma. 51 28

In a group of 840 patients with thyroid carcinoma the authors found pulmonary metastases in 123 patients, i. e. in 14.6%. In 78 pulmonary metastases were the only remote ones, in the remainder they were combined also with other remote metastates, almost always bone metastases. Cases of "pure" pulmonary metastases were found in the whole group without a proved relationship to age and histology, with a slight prdominance of men, while in patients with a combination of pulmonary and bone metastases follicular carcinoma predominates and it is found mainly in patients of more advanced age. The biological behaviour of these two groups differs completely, and this should be taken into account in the international TNM classification. When investigating the biological properties of thyroid carcinoma, we evaluated in detail in a recent publication (15) bone metastases. As all remote metastases of thyroid carcinoma are included according to the classification of WHO under the common sign M1 (9), we wanted to compare some factors in the incidence of pulmonary and bone metastases.
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PMID:Pulmonary metastases of thyroid carcinoma. 52 23

Seventy-four patients with carcinoma of the prostate were studied annually by combined radiological and 18F scintigraphy over a 5-year period. Of the patients who have no radiological evidence of bone metastases, 25% have a positive 18F bone scan. Follow-up of these patients has shown that scan abnormalities perceded x-ray changes from between 1 to 4 years. False negative scans were not seen with 18F which allows for greater accuracy in the detection of skeletal metastases. Teh accurate staging of carcinoma of the prostate cannot be made without bone scanning. Preliminary results with 111In bleomycin as an adjunct to 18F have shown this to be a useful radio-pharmaceutical to distinguish metastases from benign lesions, and further studies are warranted.
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PMID:Follow-up of prostate carcinoma with serial bone scanning using cyclotron-produced 18-fluorine. 55 27

24-hour urinary hydroxyproline excretion (THP), a marker of bone collagen metabolism, has been measured in 35 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. 21 patients had bone metastases diagnosed by bone scanning (99mTc MDP). All 9 patients with metastases studied before hormonal treatment and the majority of those on treatment had elevated levels. Patients with negative bone scans invariably had normal THP levels. Furthermore, THP reflected the presence of bone metastases more accurately than plasma alkaline or acid phosphatase. Serial THP levels altered predictably with symptomatic response to treatment. These results suggest that THP is more reliable than other markers of the presence and activity of bone metastases in response to treatment and may have been neglected in favour of more elaborate and costly X-ray and isotope investigations.
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PMID:Urine hydroxyproline excretion--a marker of bone metastases in prostatic carcinoma. 59 12


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