Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seeking to identify melanoma-associated genes by comparing gene expression in uncultured primary melanoma specimens with those in nevi, from which melanomas often are known to arise, we applied subtractive suppression hybridization. Generating a subtracted library of candidate genes up-regulated in primary melanomas, this library contained cDNA fragments of the genes encoding heat shock cognate protein (HSP73) and major histocompatibility complex (HLA-DR) which were overexpressed in further 19 independent melanoma resection specimens on cDNA Southern blots when compared to 19 acquired melanocytic nevi. Upon immunohistochemistry, HSP73 protein expression was detected in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells in primary tumours and metastases. In primary melanomas, the proportion of HSP73 protein expressing cells correlated with tumour thickness according to Breslow which was statistically significant. HSP73 immunostaining was stronger in melanoma metastases when compared with acquired melanocytic nevi which was statistically significant. In addition to melanoma, gastric and uterus cancer tissues exhibited higher HSP73 mRNA expression on a matched tumour/normal cDNA array than their normal counterparts which was statistically significant. Participating in the regulation of folding, assembly and degradation of proteins and protecting cellular proteins from the damage caused by cellular stress like hypoxia or changes in cellular pH, elevated HSP73 expression possibly confers proliferative advantage on melanoma cells.
 ...
PMID:Expression of the heat shock cognate protein HSP73 correlates with tumour thickness of primary melanomas and is enhanced in melanoma metastases. 1525 21

Cervical uterine cancer (CUC) spreads locally (pelvis and paraortic lymphnodes) or distantly (lungs, liver and bones). Metastasis to central nervous system (CNS) are rare. There are about 80 cases reported in the literature. Outcome is poor and survival varies from 3 to 6 months. Three cases of CNS metastasis from CUC are reported, one infratentorial and two supratentorials in location. In one patient, the initial manifestation was due to the cerebral lesion, a feature reported for the first time. All cases were treated by surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Clinical findings and treatment options of these rare lesions are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral metastasis of cervical uterine cancer: report of three cases. 1679 73

To study whether lymph node size is a good predictor of lymph node metastasis in uterine cancer, we reviewed the pathologic sections of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node removed from uterine cancer patients who underwent surgical staging in our institution from January 1994 to December 2004. The long axis of each individual node was measured. Out of 4280 total nodes obtained (178 cases), 86 nodes (28 cases) were positive for metastatic cancer (2.0% of total nodes or 15.7% of cases). Among the positive nodes, 11 nodes (12.8%) had nodal long axis <5 mm, 34 nodes (39.5%) had long axis of 5-9 mm, and 32 (37.2%) and 9 nodes (10.5%) had long axes of 10-19 mm and >20 mm, respectively. More than half (52.3%) of these positive nodal long axes were less than 10 mm. At lymph node size of 10 mm that was the common point of reference for pathologic enlargement, the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of lymph node to predict metastatic cancer were 47.7%, 76.7%, 98.6%, and 4.0%, respectively. From these findings, we tended to conclude that lymph node size is not a good predictor of lymph node metastasis in uterine cancer.
 ...
PMID:Lymph node size in uterine cancer: A revisit. 1700 86

Uterine sarcomas are a rare form of uterine cancer. They occur in women from 40 to 60 years and are generally characterized by poor prognosis, a high rate of local recurrence, and distant metastases. Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) accounts for 0.2% of all gynecological malignancies. Forms of possible treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine treatment. Randomized trials analyzing these treatment options are limited due to the rarity of this disease; therefore, a standard therapy could not be established thus far. To present an overview of the current treatment options of ESS, a search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed and the results concluded. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with FIGO stage II ESS. Initial treatment with tamoxifen and local perfusion with cisplatin resulted in disease progression and were discontinued. A novel, therapeutic approach using two cycles of combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide followed by surgery was applied. Five years after surgery, the patient is still in complete remission. Thus, we conclude that although there is no data from randomized trials available, chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic ESS can provide an opportunity for surgical treatment and can lead to long-term remission.
 ...
PMID:Current treatment options in uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature. 1735 94

Uterine cancer is a common cause for cancer death in women and there is no effective therapy for metastatic disease. Thus, research is urgently needed to identify new therapeutic agents. We showed previously that all female HMGA1a transgenic mice develop malignant uterine tumors, indicating that HMGA1a causes uterine cancer in vivo. We also demonstrated that HMGA1a up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during tumorigenesis in this model. Similarly, we found that HMGA1a and COX-2 are overexpressed in human leiomyosarcomas, a highly malignant uterine cancer. Although epidemiologic studies indicate that individuals who take COX inhibitors have a lower incidence of some tumors, these inhibitors have not been evaluated in uterine cancer. Here, we show that HMGA1a mice on sulindac (a COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor) have significantly smaller uterine tumors than controls. To determine if COX inhibitors are active in human uterine cancers that overexpress HMGA1a, we treated cultured cells with sulindac sulfide or celecoxib (a specific COX-2 inhibitor). Both drugs block anchorage-independent growth in high-grade human uterine cancer cells that overexpress HMGA1a (MES-SA cells). In contrast, neither inhibitor blocked transformation in cells that do not overexpress HMGA1a. Moreover, xenograft tumors from MES-SA cells were significantly inhibited in mice on sulindac. More strikingly, no tumors formed in mice on celecoxib. These preclinical studies suggest that COX inhibitors could play a role in preventing tumor onset or progression in uterine cancers with dysregulation of the HMGA1a-COX-2 pathway. Importantly, these drugs have lower toxicity than chemotherapeutic agents used to treat advanced-stage uterine cancers.
 ...
PMID:Cyclooxygenase inhibitors block uterine tumorigenesis in HMGA1a transgenic mice and human xenografts. 1864 19

The purpose is to evaluate the accuracy of integrated (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography ((CT) with intravenous contrast medium in detecting pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis in patients with uterine cancer, with surgical and histopathological findings used as the reference standard. Forty-five patients with endometrial or uterine cervical cancer underwent radical hysterectomy, including pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without paraaortic lymphadenectomy, after PET/CT. PET/CT findings were interpreted by two experienced radiologists in consensus. The criterion for malignancy on PET/CT images was increased tracer uptake by the lymph node, independent of node size. The overall node-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of PET/CT for detecting nodal metastases were 51.1% (23/45), 99.8% (1,927/1,931), 85.2% (23/27), 98.9% (1,927/1,949) and 98.7% (1,950/1,976), respectively. The sensitivity for detecting metastatic lesions 4 mm or less in short-axis diameter was 12.5% (2/16), that for between 5 and 9 mm was 66.7% (16/24), and that for 10 mm or larger was 100.0% (5/5). The overall patient-based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ((PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 50% (6/12), 90.9% (30/33), 66.7% (6/9), 83.3% (30/36) and 80.0% (36/45), respectively. Integrated FDG-PET/contrast-enhanced CT is superior to conventional imaging, but only moderately sensitive in predicting lymph node metastasis preoperatively in patients with uterine cancer.
 ...
PMID:Accuracy of integrated FDG-PET/contrast-enhanced CT in detecting pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis in patients with uterine cancer. 1918 37

Uterine cancer can metastasize to both the pelvic and para-aortic levels. No one questions the diagnostic and prognostic value of lymphadenectomy, but its therapeutic value is still open to debate. In early cervical cancer (<4 cm.), pelvic lymphadenectomy is a routine part of radical hysterectomy. If pelvic lymph nodes show involvement, one can propose an extension of the lymphadenectomy to the para-aortic level. Studies of sentinel lymph node identification and biopsy at this level are currently under way. The standard treatment of cervical cancer>4 cm is radiotherapy. A pre-radiation laparoscopy to investigate lymph node involvement at the lumbo-aortic level may help to define the extent of the radiation field. For endometrial cancer, the role and benefit of lymphadenectomy are much less clear since these patients often have major co-morbidities which increase the risk of complications from an extended lymph node dissection.
 ...
PMID:[Lymphadenectomy for uterine cancer]. 1919 59

Novel imaging modalities continue to emerge in medicine, and the advent of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has had a significant impact in the imaging of gynecologic malignancies. In cervical cancer, FDG-PET has excellent sensitivity and specificity for evaluation of initial disease, as well as assessment of post-treatment response and long-term surveillance. In ovarian cancer, FDG-PET can be a useful tool in assessing recurrent disease, especially in the setting of a rising cancer antigen-125 with a negative or equivocal CT or MRI. In uterine cancer, FDG-PET has been investigated in evaluating the extent of disease including nodal metastases, and in assessing recurrence. This article reviews novel imaging modalities in gynecologic cancer, with a special focus on FDG-PET/CT.
 ...
PMID:Novel imaging modalities in gynecologic cancer. 1984 May 24

Endometrial cancer is the most common female genital tract malignancy in the United States. Type I endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage, and has a good prognosis. Type II is very aggressive, and is responsible for most uterine cancer relapses and deaths. Uterine serous adenocarcinomas (USC) constitute the majority of Type II variants. They have a higher propensity for lymph node and distant metastases. They are frequently aneuploid and associated with p53 mutations. erbB2 overexpression in USC has been described. The incidence, which is higher in African Americans, ranges from 18-80%. erbB2 overexpression was found to be associated with higher stage, chemoresistance, and worse survival. Trastuzumab a humanized mAb was approved by the FDA for treatment of breast cancers that overexpress erbB2 in combination with standard chemotherapy. Evidence of trastuzumab activity in USC has been reported in vitro, as well as in case reports of advanced and recurrent cases. Promising results were obtained in these heavily pretreated patients either with trastuzumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy. This supports the hypothesis that trastuzumab may very well be an attractive and viable treatment option for advanced stage USC tumors that overexpress the erbB2, and is worthy of further study.
 ...
PMID:erbB2 Overexpression in Uterine Serous Cancer: A Molecular Target for Trastuzumab Therapy. 2187 97

Controlling lymph node metastasis is currently a key issue in cancer therapy. Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in various types of cancers, including endometrial cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) plays a crucial role in lymphangiogenesis, and is implicated to play an important role in lymph node metastasis. To evaluate the role of VEGF-C in lymph node metastasis, we developed an animal model by using an endometrial cancer cell line, HEC1A. This cell line is not invasive by nature and secretes moderate amounts of VEGF-C; intrauterine injection of HEC1A cells into Balb/c nude mice resulted in uterine cancer with lymph node metastasis after 8 weeks. To analyze the contribution of VEGF-C to lymph node metastasis, its corresponding gene was stably introduced into HEC1A cells (HEC1A/VEGF-C), which then produced more than 10 times the amount of VEGF-C. The number of lymph node metastases was significantly higher in HEC1A/VEGF-C cells than in HEC1A cells (3.2 vs 1.1 nodes/animal, respectively). Augmented lymphangiogenesis was observed within tumors when HEC1A/VEGF-C cells were inoculated. These results indicate that VEGF-C plays a critical role in lymph node metastasis, in addition to serving as a platform to test the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities against lymph node metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Development of a mouse model for lymph node metastasis with endometrial cancer. 2191 Jul 84


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>