Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 1,612 fine needle aspirates (FNA) of breast lesions performed over a seven-year period, 25 cases (1.5%) were identified as breast masses associated with pregnancy. Patients ranged in age from 16 to 46 years, with a mean of 27. Gestational age at the time of FNA ranged from three months to three months postpartum or following breast-feeding. Cytologic diagnoses of these pregnancy-associated breast masses were: galactocele (5 cases, 20%), lactating adenoma (9 cases, 36%), fibroadenoma with lactational change (7 cases, 28%), juvenile fibroadenoma with lactational change (1 case, 4%), atypical reactive duct cells with lactational change (1 case, 4%) and infiltrating duct carcinoma (2 cases, 8%). The degree of lactational change varied proportionately with gestational age. None of the 22 patients with benign cytologic diagnoses of galactocele, lactating adenoma or fibroadenoma subsequently developed carcinoma. The mean clinical follow-up for these 22 patients was 27 months. Three cases of fibroadenoma and the case of juvenile fibroadenoma were confirmed by surgical excision. Biopsy of the lesion cytologically diagnosed as atypical reactive duct cells with lactational change revealed infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC). All three patients with IDC had involvement of multiple axillary lymph nodes, and 1 patient had widely metastatic disease. In two cases of IDC the background lactational breast epithelium exhibited marked cytologic atypia that closely resembled the IDC. Pregnancy-related cellular atypia potentially results in a false-positive diagnosis of breast carcinoma on FNA. FNA is useful in distinguishing benign breast masses of pregnancy from those with marked cytologic atypia requiring surgical biopsy and may minimize the delayed diagnosis of carcinoma associated with pregnancy.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration of benign and malignant breast masses associated with pregnancy. 165 95

Pathological data on 1000 breast lesions obtained from Jordanian females were analyzed and compared to data available from other countries or ethnic groups. Ductal carcinoma was the most frequently encountered lesion followed by fibrocystic disease (mammary dysplasia), fibroadenoma and mastitis. The mean age of Jordanian females with ductal carcinoma was 44.5 years, and many patients presented with advanced stage of the disease as evidenced by the high frequency (74.6%) of nodal metastases in the patients who had axillary lymphadenectomy. The frequencies of medullary and mucinous (colloid) carcinoma were not greatly different from those in other countries, but lobular carcinoma had a substantially low rate of occurrence. Many patients with lactation-associated lesions such as mastitis, galactocele and lactating adenomas were noted, which is attributed to the high fertility rate in Jordan.
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PMID:Breast diseases in Jordanian females: a study of 1000 cases. 299 34

Physicians caring for women with diseases of the breast are well aware of the time lost before many patients consult their physicians. Nowhere is this more apparent than when a breast mass is associated with gestation or lactation. Enlargement of the breast tends to obscure parenchymal masses. Those that are found are too readily attributed to normal hypertrophy, abscess, or resolving fibrocystic disease. In this review we have attempted to focus on the earlier diagnosis and treatment of breast masses in pregnancy. Prompt needle aspiration will elucidate the solid or cystic nature of a mass. A simple cyst or a galactocele can be diagnosed by the fluid obtained. Solid lesions can be further investigated by fine-needle aspiration for cytologic study. Cytologically equivocal lesions should be subjected to excisional biopsy using local anesthesia. Cancerous lesions occurring during pregnancy should be treated promptly by mastectomy. The outlook for these patients, if treated before metastases occur, is comparable to that for nonpregnant patients. Pregnancy need not be terminated unless disseminated cancer is present and chemotherapy is necessary on an urgent basis.
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PMID:Surgical diseases of the breast during pregnancy. 666 40

In an attempt to delineate the spectrum of breast diseases in Saudi Arab females, we carried out a retrospective study of all cases of breast biopsies and mastectomies accessioned in the files of surgical pathology in our laboratory for 26 years (1967-1992). A total of 915 cases were collected. Fibroadenoma was the most common lesion encountered (30.7%), followed by fibrocystic condition (21.1%), carcinoma (14.9%), acute mastitis (7.2%), duct ectasia (4.9%), lactational adenoma (4.8%), intraductal papilloma (2.6%), galactocele (2.4%) and several less frequent lesions. Pathological conditions associated with lactation such as acute mastitis, abscess, granulomatous mastitis, galactocele and lactational adenomas constituted 16.2% of the cases in this series. This high frequency is related to the high fertility rate among Saudi Arab females. The mean age of Saudi Arab females with ductal carcinoma was 47.1 years as compared to 54 years in Western countries. Many patients presented with a large size tumor, skin and/or nipple involvement, as well as a high frequency (61.7%) of axillary nodal metastases in those who underwent axillary nodal dissection. The high frequency of fibroadenoma could be related to the large number of young females in our population. A great increase in the number of cases in the last five years has been observed. This could be related to more awareness among Saudi Arab females of their health problems and the expansion of our medical services.
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PMID:The spectrum of breast diseases in Saudi Arab females: A 26 year pathological survey at Dhahran Health Center. 1758 21