Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the last few years evidence has emerged to indicate the involvement of herpes viruses in several infectious complications observed in patients undergoing antiblastic chemotherapy. We present a case of bilateral parotiditis due to EBV reactivation in a patient who had received chemotherapy because of an invasive thymoma. In October 2006, a 53-year-old man with pulmonary and pleural metastases owing to an invasive thymoma, was started on chemotherapy with cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. In January 2007, after consultation with an infectious disease specialist, the patient was admitted to the oncology department because of bilateral swelling of the parotid glands which was most likely of infectious or mycotic origin and attributed to immunosuppression by chemotherapy (the last cycle was completed on 28th December 2006). During his hospital stay, the patient underwent routine blood tests, serological tests (EBV-VCA IgM/IgG: positive/positive, EBV-EBNA IgG: positive), cultural and instrumental tests. Due to the serological results, we decided to search for EBV in blood by using PCR (23,000 copies/100,000 cells). We hypothesize that EBV infection could have caused both thymoma and bilateral parotiditis. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary approach, including consultation with an oncologist, infectious disease and microbiology specialists, is the best way to manage infectious complications in patients with a deficit of cells-mediated immunity.
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PMID:[EBV reactivation in a patient undergoing chemotherapy for invasive thymoma]. 1794 Apr 5

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been causally associated with occurrence of many malignant neoplasms. EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) have been detected from about 10% of gastric carcinoma tissue cells, suggesting that EBV infection is associated with the development of gastric carcinoma. The present study pooled the data from the papers concerning EBV-related gastric cancers and performed a meta-analysis of 22 research papers. Among these papers, a total of 5475 cases with gastric cancer were enrolled, of whom 411 cases were found EBV-positive, with the EBV-positive rate being 7.5%. Among the EBV-positive gastric cancer cases, the detection rate was 11.1% in males and 3.0% in females. Compared with EBV-negative gastric cancer, EBV-positive gastric cancer had less lymph node metastasis. Based on the histological typing, of the EBV-positive gastric cancers, the diffuse type was 8.1%, and intestinal type was 8.0%. The examined specimen types included stored paraffin blocks and fresh surgically removed specimens, their EBV positive rates were 7.9% and 6.5% respectively. In terms of geographical distribution, the detection rate of EBV-positive gastric cancer was 9.4% in America, 6.1% in Asia and 9.1% in Europe. Meta-analysis showed that EBV infection occurred only in gastric cancer tissue cells and was significantly associated with the patients' gender, lymph node metastases, and the location where tumor tissue generated and geographical distribution (P<0.05), but was not significantly associated with the patients' histological types of tumor and the types of specimens (P>0.05). These results suggested that EBV-positive gastric cancer has distinct clinicopathological features.
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PMID:Meta-analysis of the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection and clinicopathological features of patients with gastric carcinoma. 2059 21

Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic disease that is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this study, we have investigated the contribution of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling to the pathogenesis of NPC. Here we demonstrate two distinct functional roles for LPA in NPC. First, we show that LPA enhances the migration of NPC cells and second, that it can inhibit the activity of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells. Focusing on the first of these phenotypes, we show that one of the LPA receptors, LPA receptor 5 (LPAR5), is down-regulated in primary NPC tissues and that this down-regulation promotes the LPA-induced migration of NPC cell lines. Furthermore, we found that EBV infection or ectopic expression of the EBV-encoded LMP2A was sufficient to down-regulate LPAR5 in NPC cell lines. Our data point to a central role for EBV in mediating the oncogenic effects of LPA in NPC and identify LPA signalling as a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
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PMID:Down-regulation of LPA receptor 5 contributes to aberrant LPA signalling in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 2529 70

Mutations in genes involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway and amplifications of the PIK3CA gene in gastric cancer and their associations with clinicopathological characteristics and EBV infection were analyzed in this study. A total of 431 patients with gastric adenocarcinomas were enrolled, and 39 mutation hotspots were evaluated in these patients using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were analyzed. PIK3CA amplifications were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. Regarding patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer, those with mutations in PI3K/AKT pathway genes were also more likely to have tumors located in the lower-third of the stomach than were those without mutations. Regarding patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer, those with PI3K/AKT pathway mutations were more likely to have tumors located in the upper-third of the stomach and to have more hematogenous metastases, particularly in the liver and lungs, than were patients without such mutations (22.2% vs. 4.5%). No significant survival difference was observed between patients with vs. without PI3K/AKT pathway mutations. Mutations in PI3K/AKT pathway genes were associated with hematogenous metastasis in patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer. Only when the tumors were located in the middle-third of stomach, tumor with mutations of the PIK3CA gene or mutations of the PI3K/AKT pathway genes were associated with more EBV infection than those without mutations. Patients with PIK3CA amplifications were more likely to have diffuse-type and poorly differentiated gastric cancers and were more likely to experience peritoneal recurrence compared with those without PIK3CA amplifications. Even upon subgroup analysis, PI3KCA amplifications were found to not affect the patients' outcomes.
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PMID:Mutations in PI3K/AKT pathway genes and amplifications of PIK3CA are associated with patterns of recurrence in gastric cancers. 2670 47

Here we report a case of aggressive neuroendocrine tumor (NET), which is an extremely rare secondary solid tumor that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). A patient with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection received allo-HSCT from an HLA-DR two allele-mismatched unrelated donor. Four years later, he developed NET with multiple metastases. He received thoraco-abdominal irradiation as a conditioning regimen, and developed repeated episodes of intestinal graft-versus-host disease, for which he received long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Although these factors may be potential contributing factors to the development of secondary NET, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear.
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PMID:Secondary neuroendocrine tumor after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 2671 19

Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT)-like follicular dendritic cell (FDC) tumor is a rare neoplasm. We herein report the case of 19-year-old female patient with an IPT-like FDC tumor and summarize 24 cases of hepatic FDC tumors previously reported in the English literature. The patient presented with complaints of abdominal discomfort, without significant laboratory abnormalities, and underwent surgical removal of a hepatic tumor. The resected tumor was 6 cm in the longest diameter and the tumor cells were positive for CD21, CD35 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The postoperative course was uneventful and there have been no metastases or recurrence during 1 year of follow-up. The majority of the cases of hepatic IPT-like FDC tumors have a female predominance and exhibit an association with EBV infection. Their clinical manifestations and image findings are usually non-specific and the diagnosis of this disease mainly relies on pathology.
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PMID:Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumour-like follicular dendritic cell tumor: A case report. 2841 65

Since the beginning of 2017, Chinese Journal of Cancer has published a series of important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology, which sparkle diverse thoughts, interesting communications, and potential collaborations among researchers all over the world. In this article, 10 more questions are presented as followed. Question 40. Why do mice being used as tumorigenesis models raised in different places or different conditions possess different tumor formation rate? Question 41. How could we generate more effective anti-metastasis drugs? Question 42. What is the molecular mechanism underlying heterogeneity of cancer cachexia in patients with the same pathologic type? Question 43. Will patients with oligo-metastatic disease be curable by immunotherapy plus stereotactic body radiotherapy? Question 44. Can the Warburg effect regulation be targeted for cancer treatment? Question 45. Why do adenocarcinomas seldom occur in the small intestine? Question 46. Is Epstein-Barr virus infection a causal factor for nasal natural killer/T cell lymphoma formation? Question 47. Why will not all but very few human papillomavirus-infected patients eventually develop cervical cancer? Question 48. Why do cervical carcinomas induced by human papilloma virus have a low mutation rate in tumor suppressor genes? Question 49. Can viral infection trigger lung cancer relapse?
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PMID:The 150 most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology series: questions 40-49. 2870 Dec 24

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of head and neck cancer with a distinctive regional and racial prevalence. It is associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and has a high propensity for regional and distant metastases, while it is very sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. A common feature of Epstein-Barr virus-positive NPC is the dense infiltration of lymphocytes in the tumor stroma and positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression in tumor cells, making it an attractive target for immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors. As new immunotherapeutic agents are being rapidly adopted in many cancers, including head and neck cancer, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a clinical trial planning meeting to identify opportunities for developing phase II and III trials testing immunotherapy in different stages of NPC. The meeting started with the summary of the biology of the disease, current standards of care, and evidence of immunotherapy in this cancer. Three subcommittees were tasked to develop clinical trials: loco regionally advanced, nonmetastatic NPC; widely metastatic NPC; and either local recurrence after initial treatment or presenting with oligometastatic disease. This article summarizes the proceedings of this clinical trial planning meeting and provides a road map for future trials incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors for therapeutic management of NPC. This road map, though specific for NPC, may also be applicable to other virally driven cancers that have similar ability to evade the host's immune system.
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PMID:Current Treatment Landscape of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Potential Trials Evaluating the Value of Immunotherapy. 3091 8

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic cancer that is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this study, we identify for the first time a role for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in NPC. MAOA is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Depending on the cancer type, MAOA can either have a tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressive role. We show that MAOA is down-regulated in primary NPC tissues and its down-regulation enhances the migration of NPC cells. In addition, we found that EBV infection can down-regulate MAOA expression in both pre-malignant and malignant nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) cells. We further demonstrate that MAOA is down-regulated as a result of IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signalling and epigenetic mechanisms, effects that might be attributed to EBV infection in NPE cells. Taken together, our data point to a central role for EBV in mediating the tumour suppressive effects of MAOA and that loss of MAOA could be an important step in the pathogenesis of NPC.
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PMID:Monoamine oxidase A is down-regulated in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 3227 50


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