Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atypical fibroxanthoma is a rare skin tumor that arises particularly on sun-exposed skin. Although it is considered to be a benign tumor, rarely, metastases arise. The accurate classification of aggressive processes of atypical fibroxanthoma is currently still the subject of discussion. The case of an 81-year-old patient with relapsing atypical fibroxanthoma of the right auricle is presented. With the second relapse, a single metastasis in the right parotid gland was detected. A complete tumor excision was performed, and the patient declined the recommended postoperative radiotherapy. The patient has not show any signs of relapse for 60 months now. Atypical fibroxanthoma and the appropriate therapy for it are described, and the newest discoveries regarding this disease are discussed on the basis of the current literature.
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PMID:[Recurrent and metastasizing atypical fibroxanthoma]. 1821 6

We show that the times separating the birth of benign, invasive, and metastatic tumor cells can be determined by analysis of the mutations they have in common. When combined with prior clinical observations, these analyses suggest the following general conclusions about colorectal tumorigenesis: (i) It takes approximately 17 years for a large benign tumor to evolve into an advanced cancer but <2 years for cells within that cancer to acquire the ability to metastasize; (ii) it requires few, if any, selective events to transform a highly invasive cancer cell into one with the capacity to metastasize; (iii) the process of cell culture ex vivo does not introduce new clonal mutations into colorectal tumor cell populations; and (iv) the rates at which point mutations develop in advanced cancers are similar to those of normal cells. These results have important implications for understanding human tumor pathogenesis, particularly those associated with metastasis.
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PMID:Comparative lesion sequencing provides insights into tumor evolution. 1833 6

Carcinoids were first reported approximately 100 years ago and proposed to be neuroendocrine tumors of hormonal origin some 50 years later. The first edition of the WHO classification included neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive organs and pancreas, but thereafter it was pointed that neuroendocrine cells are distributed throughout the body and thus that carcinoids occur in various other organs. The most recent edition of the WHO classification takes into account the occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors throughout the body. In addition, carcinoids were originally thought to be variants of a benign tumor type with a low malignancy rate, but thereafter metastases were observed. The term "neuroendocrine tumors" is now preferred instead of "carcinoids," and the malignant potential of such tumors is recognized. This paper reviews the classification and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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PMID:[Trends in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors]. 1853 14

Metastatic disease, myeloma, and lymphoma are the most common malignant spinal tumors. Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the spine. Other primary osseous lesions of the spine are more unusual but may exhibit characteristic imaging features that can help the radiologist develop a differential diagnosis. Radiologic evaluation of a patient who presents with osseous vertebral lesions often includes radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Because of the complex anatomy of the vertebrae, CT is more useful than conventional radiography for evaluating lesion location and analyzing bone destruction and condensation. The diagnosis of spinal tumors is based on patient age, topographic features of the tumor, and lesion pattern as seen at CT and MR imaging. A systematic approach is useful for recognizing tumors of the spine with characteristic features such as bone island, osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma, vertebral angioma, and aneurysmal bone cyst. In the remaining cases, the differential diagnosis may include other primary spinal tumors, vertebral metastases and major nontumoral lesions simulating a vertebral tumor, Paget disease, spondylitis, echinococcal infection, and aseptic osteitis. In many cases, vertebral biopsy is warranted to guide treatment.
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PMID:Diagnostic imaging of solitary tumors of the spine: what to do and say. 1863 27

Radiosurgery has a long history dating back to the 1950s. Only in the last decade or so have advances in radiation delivery and visualization allowed export of this paradigm to extracranial sites. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of such ablative radiation courses using dose per fraction schedules of 10 Gy or above. Retrospective published experience in functional and benign tumor radiosurgery is reviewed. Prospective controlled clinical trials in ablative cancer therapy of early-stage lung cancer and metastatic disease in the brain, liver, and spine are reviewed.
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PMID:The implementation of ablative hypofractionated radiotherapy for stereotactic treatments in the brain and body: observations on efficacy and toxicity in clinical practice. 1872 14

In 1910, Darier and Civatte described in details an unusual melanocytic tumor characterized by rapid growth on the nose of a young child. They could not state whether the tumor was benign or malignant. In 1947, Sophie Spitz described the same lesion as juvenile melanoma in which prognosis was frequently excellent. Later, the study was revised and it was concluded that juvenile melanoma was a benign tumor and can affect adults. Although, the prognosis was mostly excellent, Spitz reported in one of 13 cases fatal metastases from nevus Spitz. In 1999, Barnhill et al described one fatal case of the patient for whom it was thought to have typical Spitz nevus. Nowadays, there is still a lack of consensus about histopathology and also a terminology of the tumors that are neither typical nevus Spitz, neither malignant melanoma. All histopathological, clinical and ancillary criteria must be weighed in the final interpretation of epitheloid/spindle cell lesion. At the present, the final diagnosis remains pathohistological, with important emphasis given to clinical impression. Persistently changing lesion indicates malignancy potential of the lesion. Barnhill recommends that all Spitz tumors are completely excised. Atypical tumors should be excised with wider margins up to 1 cm. Patient should be carefully monitored by regular examinations for recurrence and metastasis.
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PMID:Nevus Spitz--everlasting diagnostic difficulties--the review. 1914 Feb 79

Chondroblastomas typically affect the epiphysis of the long bones in young patients, and only rarely occur in the elderly >70 years. Approximately 10% to 20% of chondroblastomas are located in the small bones of the hands or feet, however, they are rare in the carpal bones. Chondroblastoma is a benign tumor, but it may show not only aggressive clinical course but also pulmonary metastases. We report a case of chondroblastoma in a 75-year-old woman that originated in the right trapezium, involving the proximal half of the first metacarpal. She had noticed a mass in her right wrist for approximately 1 year before presenting to the hospital. Radiologically, a large lytic tumor was observed in the right trapezium, with marked expansion of the cortex. On magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, the tumor extended from the trapezium into the proximal half of the first metacarpal. Resection of the trapezium and a half of the first metacarpal was performed. Histologically, typical chondroblastoma with small foci of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst was noted. This is an unusual case of chondroblastoma, originating in the carpal bones of an elderly individual, and involving adjacent bone. Benign chondroblastomas of unusual sites may show locally aggressive features, and benign chondroblastomas may occur in elderly persons.
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PMID:Chondroblastoma of trapezium with metacarpal involvement. 1929 73

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the lung is a rare tumor but it should be considered when dealing with primary lung tumors in children, adolescents, and nonsmoking adults. It is, from a pathologic point of view, a benign tumor composed of a spindle cell proliferation and inflammatory cells. Its clinical behavior, however, is variable with a benign evolution at one, and a malignant evolution with recurrent and metastatic disease at the other end of the spectrum. Diagnosis is very difficult and often only possible after resection of the tumor. We present a case of pulmonary IMT in a 15-year-old male with malignant features on radiographic and F-Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Pathogenesis, pathology findings, clinical behavior, and imaging of pulmonary IMT are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Invasive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung. 1955 Feb 47

Spinal tumors can be intramedullary, intradural (within the meninges), or extradural (between the meninges and the bones), or they may extend secondary to the spine from other locations. Vertebral hemangioma represents the most common benign tumor of the spine. Metastases, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma are the most frequent malignant spinal tumors. Primary osseous tumors of the spine, in contrast, are rare conditions but may demonstrate typical imaging findings. For the differential diagnosis, the patient's age, the topographic localization of the mass, and morphologic features of the lesion as depicted by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play important roles.
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PMID:[Spinal tumors]. 1966 25

A number of extensive reviews are available discussing the roles of MMPs in various aspects of cancer progression from benign tumor formation to overt cancer present with deadly metastases. This review will focus specifically on the evidence functionally linking the MMPs and tumor-induced angiogenesis in various in vivo models. Emphasis has been placed on the cellular origin of the MMPs in tumor tissue, the requirement of proMMP activation and the resulting proteolytic activity for the induction and progression of tumor angiogenesis, and the pleiotropic roles for some of the MMPs. The functional mechanisms of the angiogenic MMPs are discussed as well as their catalytic detection in complex biological systems. In addition, the contribution of active MMPs to metastatic spread and establishment of secondary metastasis will be discussed in view of the findings indicating that MMPs are involved in the preparation of pre-metastatic niches. Finally, the most recent evidence, indicating the pro-metastatic consequences of anti-angiogenic therapies employing MMP inhibitors will be presented as examples highlighting possible outcomes of interfering with the pleiotropic nature of the MMP functionality.
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PMID:Pleiotropic roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor angiogenesis: contrasting, overlapping and compensatory functions. 1980 Sep 30


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