Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this case, the authors describe the appearance of hemangioma, the most common benign tumor of the liver, on early and delayed in-111 CP antibody images. The early immunoscintigraphic images show intense blood pool activity comparable in appearance to labeled RBC imaging, the current procedure of choice for confirming the diagnosis of hemangioma. In combination with disappearance of blood pool activity on the late scintigraphic images, these findings are pathognomonic for hemangioma and sufficiently distinct from the appearance of hepatic metastases on in-111 labeled antibody images to obviate the need for further confirmatory diagnostic studies.
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PMID:Appearance of a hepatic hemangioma on prostate immunoscintigraphy. Value of early images. 881 67

Schwannomas (neurilemmomas) are neurogenic tumors that arise from the Schwann cells of the neural sheath. They are most often benign and solitary. Extracranial schwannomas are rare, and can be mistaken for metastatic disease or other non-neurogenic tumors. Ancient schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma with a course typical of a slow-growing benign tumor. Histologically, it can be confused with a malignant mesenchymal tumor. An unusual case of an ancient schwannoma of the submandibular gland is reported. The clinical, histological and surgical aspects of this tumor are discussed, and the literature regarding this rare entity is reviewed.
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PMID:Ancient schwannoma of the submandibular gland: a case report. 899 Dec 27

Two case reports of hepatic angiomyolipoma, both originating in the caudate lobe, are reported with a review of the literature. The liver is the second most common site of angiomyolipoma, an uncommon benign tumor of mixed mesenchymal origin. It is commonly diagnosed following abdominal pain or as an asymptomatic mass discovered on abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography scan. Of 74 cases reported, the lesions ranged from 0.3 to 36 cm in diameter and are noted between the first and eighth decade, with predominant female predilection. The right lobe is the most common site, with lesions arising in the caudate lobe comprising only five cases. The natural history of the hepatic lesion is unknown. Malignant invasion or metastatic disease has not been documented. Hepatic and renal angiomyolipoma can occur concurrently (13 of 60 cases), although the majority are not biopsy proven. Multicentric hepatic disease occurs. The correlation between tuberous sclerosis and hepatic angiomyolipoma is not confirmed histologically and occurs rarely. These lesions have a characteristic radiographic appearance due to high fat content. Histologically, angiomyolipoma are characterized by an admixture of adipose tissue, blood vessels, and smooth muscle cells. These lesions cannot reliably be differentiated from a malignant lesion based on clinical history, radiologic examination, and/or pathologic interpretation. If clinical suspicion for malignancy is low, then careful observation with serial radiologic follow-up is performed. The treatment for a symptomatic or suspicious lesion is resection, if feasible. Liver transplantation may be considered for large or centrally located lesions not amenable to resection.
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PMID:Hepatic angiomyolipoma: two case reports of caudate-based lesions and review of the literature. 937 58

Ganglioneuroma is generally considered to be a benign tumor and potentially surgically curable. The authors present a case of a 21-year-old woman who underwent resection of a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma and developed spinal neuroblastoma 11 years later. She has survived 10 more years with only recent development of metastases. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of malignant transformation of a ganglioneuroma into a neuroblastoma. Also, such long-term survival in an adult with spinal neuroblastoma has not been reported previously. This case raises the possibility of a dedifferentiating potential for ganglion cells in a ganglioneuroma or the presence of a long-term, quiescent form of neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Malignant transformation of ganglioneuroma into spinal neuroblastoma in an adult. Case report. 945 44

Beta-glucuronidase (beta-GD) activity in serum and upper respiratory tract (URT) secretion in patients with head and neck malignant tumors (HNMT) was studied. Subjects included 40 HNMT patients, 40 healthy volunteers and 40 patients with benign tumors of the head and neck region. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference of serum beta-GD level among the three groups. The same was true for URT secretion between the normal control and benign tumor groups. beta-GD level in URT secretion was higher in HNMT group than in other groups (P < 0.001). Using healthy subjects' average beta-GD level plus two standard difference as positive standard, the sensitivity, reliability and specificity of the test were 85.0%, 92.5% and 100% respectively. beta-GD levels were higher in patients with advanced tumors and metastases. One year follow-ups of six patients showed that beta-GD level change in URT secretion was in accordance with clinical manifestations. These results suggest that assay of beta-GD level in URT secretion can be used as a valuable supplimental parameter in early diagnosis of HNMTs, their clinical staging, evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness and detection of recurrence and metastases. In addition, this method has the advantage of easy, prompt, result specificity, sensitivity and reliability.
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PMID:[A study on activity of beta-glucuronidase in serum and secretion from upper respiratory tract in patients with head and neck malignant tumors]. 963 22

The morbidity in most cancer patients is not due to their primary cancers; it is due to metastatic disease. Thus understanding the progression of tumors to the metastatic state and the changes that take place in highly malignant cells are important in the development of new therapeutic approaches to diagnose, prognostically assess and treat highly progressive malignancies. Changes in the expression of certain genes or alterations of gene structures and encoded products can result in benign tumor cells progressing to the invasive and metastatic states. This has been shown in the laboratory by transferring dominantly acting oncogenes into susceptible cells and then testing the malignant properties of these cells in vivo. Usually such rapid qualitative changes in malignant state occur only rarely; the natural progression of tumor cells to the invasive or metastatic state occurs through a slow stepwise process of change. Tumor progression, in some instances, can be reversible, involving changes in dominantly acting oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The natural progression of tumors to highly malignant states also involves their ability to circumvent host microenvironmental controls that regulate cellular growth and diversity. Quantitative changes in gene expression rather than qualitative changes in gene structure are important in microenvironmental effects on progression. One of the important mechanisms of cellular regulation in epithelial tissues, such as breast epithelium, appears to be mediated by intercellular junctional communication. Changes in gene expression can result in loss of junctional communication, followed by cellular diversification and progression. Highly malignant tumor cells that have slowly evolved in vivo with only a few qualitative changes in gene structure have probably undergone extensive cycles of diversification and have multiple quantitative differences in gene expression. Some of these genes are related to metastasis. For example, we have identified a novel gene called mta1 (rat) or MTA1 (human) that appears to be involved in mammary cell motility and growth regulation. This may be an example of a gene that regulates highly malignant cellular phenotypes. When coupled with other cellular changes, such as loss of intercellular communication, specific changes in gene expression may result in cellular diversification and tumor progression.
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PMID:Metastasis-Associated genes and metastatic tumor progression. 989 Dec 20

A 56-year-old male with a history of lung cancer presented with isolated metastases of adenocarcinoma in the bilateral internal auditory meatuses (IAMs), mimicking the bilateral acoustic schwannomas of neurofibromatosis type 2, and manifesting as rapidly worsening tinnitus and bilateral hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed small tumors in both IAMs with no sign of leptomeningeal metastasis. The preoperative diagnosis was neurofibromatosis type 2. Both tumors were removed and the histological diagnoses were adenocarcinoma. Neuroimaging differentiation of a solitary metastatic IAM tumor from a benign tumor is difficult, although rapidly progressive eighth cranial nerve dysfunction suggests a malignant process. Metastases should be considered as a rare diagnostic possibility in a patient with small tumors in both IAMs.
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PMID:Isolated metastases of adenocarcinoma in the bilateral internal auditory meatuses mimicking neurofibromatosis type 2--case report. 1059 43

Intraductal papilloma is an extremely rare benign salivary gland tumor that occurs most commonly in the minor salivary glands. To our knowledge, a malignant counterpart of intraductal papilloma has not been described previously. We report one case each of benign and malignant intraductal papillary tumors. The benign tumor occurred in the sublingual gland and was a typical example of intraductal papilloma, with the exception that we found no previously published reports of this type of tumor in this location. The other patient had a left parotid gland tumor that was architecturally similar to the intraductal papilloma, with the addition of cytologic atypia, intraductal extension, microinvasion, and lymph node metastases. This tumor was diagnosed as intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma with an invasive component. Both patients were alive and well without evidence of recurrence 2 years and 6 months (case 1) and 6 years (case 2) after surgery. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the tumor cells resembled duct luminal cells in both cases. The 2 tumors had different immunoreactivities for carcinoembryonic antigen, p53, and Ki-67. The malignant counterpart of intraductal papilloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors with a predominantly papillary structure, even though this tumor is extremely rare.
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PMID:Intraductal papillary tumors of the major salivary glands: case reports of benign and malignant variants. 1065 42

Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare cancer representing a low grade malignancy. The recurrence of a tumor is sometimes encountered, usually within 5 years of initial operation. We describe an unusual recurrence after a long interval following primary surgery. In 1987, a 60-year-old woman underwent excision of a mass in the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland under the preoperative diagnosis of a benign tumor. A histologic diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma was made by examining sections from the resected mass. The patient noted several small nodules in the right parotid region in 1995, but she did not visit our clinic until 1998 when tenderness developed. A locally recurrent tumor and cervical lymph nodes containing metastases were resected and postoperative radiotherapy was given 11 years after the first operation. At least 10 years of follow-up may be necessary for patients with acinic cell carcinoma because of slow-tumor growth.
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PMID:Late recurrence of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. 1068 18

Primary giant cell tumors (GCTs) of soft tissue resembling osseous GCTs are uncommon but distinct entities. Malignant GCTs of soft tissue have been designated giant cell malignant fibrous histiocytomas; however, there is scant data regarding benign GCTs of soft tissue. Eleven benign and seven malignant GCTs of soft tissue were identified from the authors' consultation files and the surgical pathology files of the Vancouver General Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital. The tumors occurred in adults (eight men, 10 women; age range, 25-89 years; mean age, 54 years) in the extremities (n = 14) and in the trunk, abdomen, and pelvis (n = 4). In each patient the skeleton was normal and there was no history of prior osseous GCT. Tumors ranged in size from 0.8 to 9.0 cm. Eleven occurred in the superficial soft tissue and seven occurred in deep soft tissue. Grossly they were circumscribed and frequently hemorrhagic. Cystic change was present in seven tumors. Nine tumors were partially surrounded by a shell of reactive bone. In all tumors, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells were distributed uniformly and evenly among mononuclear cells. The histologically benign GCTs of soft tissue were identical to typical osseous GCTs. The mononuclear cells in these tumors lacked nuclear atypia or pleomorphism, and the mitotic rate within this population was low (mean, three mitoses per 10 high-power fields [HPF]). In the malignant GCTs of soft tissue, the mononuclear cells exhibited anisocytosis, nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, and readily detectable mitoses including atypical forms (mean, 25 mitoses per 10 HPF). None of the benign or malignant tumors exhibited neoplastic bone production. The benign and malignant GCTs of soft tissue demonstrated a similar immunohistochemical staining profile to GCT of bone ( 12 tumors examined), exhibiting strong positive staining for CD68 within multinucleated osteoclastlike cells, and focal staining of mononuclear cells for CD68, Ham 56, and smooth muscle actin. All tumors were treated by surgical resection. Follow-up information is available for 15 patients (range, 0-108 months). No benign tumor has recurred or metastasized. Of the four patients with malignant tumors for whom follow-up information is available, one died of metastatic disease at 13 months and one developed a local recurrence at 84 months but is alive, apparently free of disease after additional excisional surgery. Primary GCTs of soft tissue are distinctive neoplasms that, like osseous GCTs, exhibit a wide clinicopathologic spectrum. These neoplasms should be distinguished from other giant cell-rich soft-tissue tumors with which they may be confused.
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PMID:Giant cell tumors of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study of 18 benign and malignant tumors. 1071 52


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