Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The synthetic non-steroidal antioestrogen nafoxidine (U-11, 100A) was given by mouth to 52 women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, in 85% of whom the disease had become resistant to, or relapsed after, previous endocrine treatment. The objective response rate (complete or partial regression of disease) among 48 cases treated for at least four weeks was 37%. Tumours in soft tissue seemed to respond better than skeletal metastases. The patients in all but one of the 52 cases were postmenopausal. Those who had had an objective response to previous hormone treatment had a greater chance of deriving benefit from nafoxidine than those who had been resistant to hormone treatment.Side effects of nafoxidine were dryness of skin, increased loss of scalp hair, and heightened sensitivity to sunlight. None were serious, and they could be lessened by protection from solar radiation or a decrease in dosage. No obvious depression of thyroid or adrenal function or obvious water retention or masculinization was seen. Cataract was a possible complication.This clinical trial was preceded by laboratory studies in which a transplantable oestrogen-dependent tumour in the Syrian hamster was notably inhibited by the administration of nafoxidine. This experimental model may prove useful in screening potentially useful antioestrogenic agents against breast cancer before a human trial.
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PMID:Antioestrogens in treatment of breast cancer: value of nafoxidine in 52 advanced cases. 436 55

Metastases in the choroid of the eye are frequent in patients with disseminated malignancy. We here report the results using the precision radiotherapy technique described by Schipper et al. to treat 14 of 17 consecutive patients (21 eyes) with symptoms from such metastases. A beam defining collimator was used and a lateral field was given with the treated eye individually fixed. Varying fractionations and doses were used. The biologically effective dose for early effects (BED3) was 47 to 90 Gy and for late effects (BED10) 28 to 59 Gy. In 14 eyes (82%) the metastases regressed completely. The visual acuity was stabilized or improved in all patients and none needed local surgery. Three patients developed signs of radiation retinopathy, but only in one case the visual function was compromised. With this standardized technique no individualized dose planning was needed, the risk of radiation cataract was minimized and a dry eye avoided.
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PMID:Standardized precision radiotherapy in choroidal metastases. 751 93

Two patients with epibulbar malignancies were treated by local excision and brachytherapy with ruthenium-106. One patient showed a large melanoma on the epibulbar conjunctiva, the other patient suffered from a recurrent squamous cell carcinoma at the limbus. After excision of the tumor including lamellar sclerectomy and keratectomy, a ruthenium-106 plaque was sutured to the sclera, and a total dose of 290 and 320 Gy, respectively, was delivered to the tumor bed. No severe radiogenic complications were observed except for a rarefaction of the sclera in the treatment area and a slow cataract increase. After a follow-up period of 50 and 22 months, respectively, both patients do not show any recurrence or metastatic disease.
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PMID:Combined local excision and brachytherapy with ruthenium-106 in the treatment of epibulbar malignancies. 827 79

Thirty-three infants ( < 1 year at diagnosis) were treated for retinoblastoma with primary irradiation at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) between 1963 and June 1992. Staging of the 44 treated eyes was as follows: Reese-Ellsworth (R-E) Groups I (n = 20), Group II (n = 9), Group III (n = 6), Group IV (n = 2), Group V (n = 7). Irradiation was delivered using either a single anterior field (31 eyes) or lens-sparing techniques (13 eyes). Total doses ranged from 21-45 Gy (median = 36 Gy) in fractions of 150-180 cGy (n = 34) or > 180 cGy (n = 10). One child died of metastatic disease at 42 months. Three patients have developed second malignant neoplasms; two have succumbed at 88 and 125 months post-RB diagnosis; the remaining patients are alive at 6-259 months postdiagnosis (median follow-up = 127 months). Local control with irradiation alone and supplemented cryotherapy given within 2 months (n = 2) was maintained in 29 eyes, with no statistical difference seen for total doses < or = 36 Gy (21/8 eyes) vs. > 36 Gy (8/16). Of 15 eyes that required salvage therapy, tumor control has been maintained in 13. Enucleation was required for four patients, two with recurrent retinoblastoma and one with a phthisical eye. Cataract formation was documented in 23 eyes (87.5%) treated with lens-sparing techniques developed cataract. At last follow-up, 23 of 30 patients tested (77%) had visual acuity of 20/100 or better. This experience confirms early observations in that doses > or = 36 Gy do not appear to improve local control with irradiation alone in infants ( < 365 days) with retinoblastoma.
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PMID:Treatment outcome and dose-response relationship in infants younger than 1 year treated for retinoblastoma with primary irradiation. 861 62

A 68-year-old man with lung carcinoma and no systemic metastasis presented with a blind, painful right eye. Examination showed no perception of light in the affected eye, elevated intraocular pressure, marked epibulbar hyperemia, and a white placoid mass in the conjunctiva nasally. Although a cataract precluded a clear view of the fundus, ultrasonography disclosed a total retinal detachment and a diffuse thickening of the choroid. Metastatic carcinoma was suspected clinically and the eye was enucleated because of severe, intractable pain. Pathologic examination demonstrated extensively necrotic metastatic adenocarcinoma involving the conjunctiva, peripheral cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, choroid, optic nerve, subarachnoid space, and orbit. Metastatic disease usually affects a singular ocular tissue, and it is highly unusual for such widespread ocular involvement to be the first sign of systemic metastasis from a primary neoplasm.
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PMID:Diffuse ocular metastases as an initial sign of metastatic lung cancer. 967 12

Renal failure in association with uveitis should raise the possibility of sarcoidosis even with a normal chest radiograph. Diode laser photocoagulation using the indirect ophthalmoscope delivery system is shown to be safe in the therapy of eyes with threshold retinopathy of prematurity and especially in eyes with tunica vasculosa lentis and is safer than argon laser, which is known to cause cataract formation. Eyes with retinopathy of prematurity stage 5 remain with a flat electroretinogram despite surgical reattachment, implying the existence of a severe irreversible dysfunction in these retinas. Choroidal metastases from prostate carcinoma can resolve after total androgen deprivation. Optic nerve metastases respond poorly to the radiation dose usually given for choroidal metastases and therefore require a higher dosage of radiation.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations of various systemic diseases. 1016 61

A 52-year-old-male patient was treated for a posterior choroid melanoma of the right eye. When it was diagnosed, it measured 6mm in thickness and 11.9mm for the largest diameter and had a typical mushroom shape. General investigations found no metastatic disease. It was treated with proton-beam irradiation. Seven years later, the patient experienced increased intraocular pressure associated with cataract and pain. The patient finally accepted enucleation, as the vision of this eye was completely lost and the eye had become painful. Histologic analysis of the eye showed changes affecting both the anterior and the posterior segments of the eye, mostly related to the tumor and the consequences of treatment. Neovascular glaucoma is a major complication that very often leads to enucleation.
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PMID:[Neovascular glaucoma following proton-beam therapy. Case report]. 1124 Apr 79

The results of 54 cases of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma treated between 1980 and 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. The T classification according to the 1997 UICC was as follows: 2 with stage T1, 29 with T3, and 23 with T4. Ten patients(18.5%) had lymph node metastases at diagnosis. All patients underwent combined therapy including radiotherapy, surgery, and regional or systemic chemotherapy. Fifteen patients received hyperfractionated twice-daily radiotherapy (1.2 Gy or 1.5 Gy/fraction), and the remaining 39 patients received a conventional once-daily regimen(1.5-2 Gy/fraction). The 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival for all patients were 56.0% and 46.7%, respectively. The N classification was the only significant prognostic factor for 5-year disease-free survival by univariate analysis (favoring N = 0, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in other prognostic factors including gender, T classification (T1-3 vs. T4), hyperfractionated radiotherapy (yes vs. no), total dose (BED: < 69 Gy10 vs. > or = 69 Gy10), and intra-arterial chemotherapy(yes vs. no). Although radiation-induced cataract was observed in 9 patients, no other severe late complications developed.
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PMID:[Results of combined therapy for maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma]. 1293 50

Occurrence of uveal metastases is higher, than the number of clinically diagnosed cases, furthermore all cases are not amenable to therapy. Treatment of primary cancer is permanently improving, as a result life prospective is better, with an increasing number of late distant metastases in an unusual location, as e.g. intraocular metastasis. As surgical approach is not suitable, and chemo/hormonal therapy often has a limited effect on intraocular dissemination, other treatment modalities are needed for the maintenance of visual acuity, and prevention of further deterioration of the quality of life. The study was made to evaluate the efficacy of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with lens-sparing techniques in the management of patients developing intraocular metastases (IOM). Between March 1994 and March 2002, 24 eyes of 17 patients with tumors metastatic to the eye were treated by EBRT. The female:male ratio was 8.5:1, age ranged between 37 and 74 years (mean: 56 years). The site of the primary tumor was: breast (11), lung (4) and others (2). The visual acuity at the beginning of irradiation was between 0.1-0.7 (mean 0.5) and a mean KPS of 60% was detected. The mean time elapsed from the diagnosis of primary tumor and recognition of metastasis was 38.9 months in case of breast, and 6.7 months in lung cancer. Eyes were treated by 6 MV photon beams, using a modified technique of Schipper's lens-sparing retinoblastoma treatment method. The following parameters were studied: visual acuity changes, local response rate, survival times from irradiation and ocular complications. Mean follow-up time was 24 months. Mean visual acuity improved two lines on the Snellen chart. The mean survival time after treatment of IOM was 21 months in breast and 4.9 months in lung cancer patients. Local response rate was 78%. No radiation cataract was observed. Only one patient developed radiation retinopathy 32 months after the treatment. External beam radiotherapy is recommended for the treatment of intraocular metastases to improve quality of life. In selected cases--especially breast cancer patients--lens-sparing technique is the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Lens-sparing external beam radiotherapy of intraocular metastases: our experiences with twenty four eyes. 1468 70

A 3-year-old cockatiel was presented for evaluation of a buphthalmic right eye (OD). The history included a traumatic event 5 months prior to presentation, and the referring veterinarian diagnosed cataract and secondary glaucoma. Computed tomography of the bird's orbital region revealed a large right orbital soft tissue mass that extended lateral to the orbital rim with obliteration of the globe without bone involvement. There was also no evidence of metastatic disease within the lungs or any abnormalities within the celomic cavity, therefore enucleation was recommended to achieve a histopathologic diagnosis and prognosis, and to palliate the clinical signs. Final diagnosis was malignant intraocular teratoid medulloepithelioma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of a malignant intraocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a cockatiel. 1564 2


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