Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytohistologic correlation is reported for 112 of the 128 consecutive sterotactic aspiration biopsies performed on patients with clinical and neuroradiologic evidence of brain tumors investigated at the Neurosurgery Department, Karolinska Hospital, from 1976 to 1979. The cytodiagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant tumors was 87% when adequate cell material was obtained. In 17 benign tumors of the sellar region, the diagnostic rate was 88%; cytologic examination independent of histologic biopsy is feasible in this area. The cytodiagnostic accuracy for 95 malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors was 87% after adjusting for the appreciable sampling error inherent in the use of a stereotactic procedure during the early phase of the study. Two histopathologically proven infectious lesions were reported cytologically as benign. The main microscopic problems were the recognition of highly differentiated astroglial neoplasms and the differential diagnosis between poorly differentiated brain neoplasms and metastases to the CNS. Cytodiagnostic accuracy of CNS tumors can be increased by technical improvements in the stereotactic device, diagnostic experience and immunochemical staining.
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PMID:Accuracy of cytologic diagnosis of central nervous system neoplasms in sterotactic biopsies. 637 25

When a malignant tumor spreads to the brain, its concurrent growth outside of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the devastating effects of cerebral metastases offset often all therapeutic attempts. The disappointing results commonly achieved in the management of intracranial metastases are only partly explained by the low efficacy of available therapeutic modalities. Support therapy plays the major role in the management of patients harboring cerebral metastases. Corticosteroids and osmotic agents can rapidly improve neurological symptoms, allowing a rapid, even if frequently brief, amelioration of the quality of life. Immunotherapy cannot be considered as an effective therapeutic tool for metastatic brain tumors. For many years chemotherapy has been thought inadequate treatment for both controlling the growth of metastases and improving neurological impairment . However the new concepts of multimodality therapy of primary CNS tumors seem to be applicable even to intracranial metastases. In combination with corticosteroids and radiation therapy, nitrosourea compounds (BCNU and CCNU) proved to be effective in more than 1/3 of patients in prolonging survival. New possibilities of improving available results are expected from new antiproliferative drugs (cisplatin) and from new modalities of administering conventional cytotoxic agents (intra-arterial route).
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PMID:[Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and supportive therapy in cerebral metastases]. 642 1

The hormone sensitivity of some tumors seems to be mediated by the presence of specific receptor proteins, and a correlation seems to exist between the amount of receptor molecules and the behavior of the tumor evolution. Epidemiological data suggest a relation between the steroid sexual hormones and the development of some tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The authors determine the amount of receptors specific to 17-beta-estradiol and progesterone in several cases of meningioma, glioma, neurinoma and intracerebral metastases. 17-beta-estradiol receptors were always detected, although in very variable amount (3 to 74 fm/mg protein). Progesterone receptors were found in all the studied CNS in women, and only in a few male gliomas, in amounts varying between 3 and 17 fm/mg protein. The significance of hormone receptors in the CNS tumors need further studies to know if they can be applied to prognosis and suggest the assay of a complementary endocrine therapy of CNS tumors.
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PMID:[Specific receptors for sex hormones in tumors of the central nervous system]. 654 9

Primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) very rarely metastasize to other parts of the body, both in animals and in man, irrespective of survival time. The only exception to this rule is observed in meningiomas in man with a metastasis incidence of 18.7%. Experimental studies have provided strong evidence for an important modulating role of the extracellular matrix upon the invasion capacity of tumors. Malignant progression of tumors depends upon accumulation of somatic mutations which impart a selective advantage for invasion into the surrounding connective stroma. Such mutations seem to result from an active confrontation and interaction between tumor cells and components of the stroma. As the parenchyma of the CNS is largely free of connective tissue no such selection interplay occurs in genuine CNS tumors, in contrast to tumors of the other parts of the body with an abundance of connective tissue surrounding them. This explains the rarity of extracranial metastases of CNS tumors. In contrast, other tumors of the body metastasize more frequently into the CNS. Obviously, this potency is correlated with the frequency of mutations at the CD44 gene locus.
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PMID:[Pathobiologic aspects of the limited extracranial metastasis capability of tumors of the central nervous system]. 754 Mar 90

Tumor cells are characterized by abnormalities in growth and metabolism, including the autocrine secretion of certain growth factors. On the basis of our previous demonstration of the production of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins by central nervous system (CNS) tumors, we asked whether the levels of IGFs in the CSF may be altered in patients with pituitary and other CNS tumors and may reflect autocrine secretion. We used specific radioimmuoassays for IGF-I and -II and measured these growth factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 26 patients with tumors located adjacent to the ventricular system. The tumors included were eight pituitary tumors (five nonsecreting, three growth hormone secreting), five gliomas, two meningiomas, five medulloblastomas, three metastases, and three other tumors. CSF from patients without tumors served as controls. For radioimmunoassay, CSF was treated with acetic acid overnight and IGF-binding proteins were separated from IGFs by C-2 solid phase cartridge extraction. The pituitary tumors were characterized by significantly elevated levels of IGFs in the CSF. In nonseceting pituitary tumors, the levels of IGF-I in the CSF were similar to normal levels, whereas IGF-II levels were significantly elevated. In acromegalic patients, levels of both IGF-I and -II in the CSF were significantly elevated compared with normal levels and compared with levels in patients with nonsecreting tumors. In contrast, the levels of IGFs in the CSF from most of the primary and metastatic CNS CNS tumors did not significantly differ from normal values. In summary, although IGFs may contribute to the regulation of cell growth in primary CNS tumors, CSF levels are not elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of insulin-like growth factors I and II in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with pituitary and other central nervous system tumors. 775 56

This case report refers to two patients with the rare entity of an extraneural metastasizing central nervous system tumor. The first patient presented with ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastases 4 years after a diagnostic biopsy and 2 years after removal of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma, respectively. The origin of the metastases was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The second case described was found in a 26-year-old female who had suffered from a spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma in infancy and been treated by surgery and radiotherapy. On postmortem examination, transformation to a primitive neuroectodermal tumor was found. Morphological and immunohistochemical features of the metastases were exactly identical with those of the primary tumors in both cases. The pathomechanisms of metastasizing CNS tumors are discussed with reference to the reasons why such cases are so rarely observed. The incidence of remote metastases and differences depending on tumor type are estimated. No relation to malignancy grade can be detected.
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PMID:[Extraneural metastasis of brain and spinal cord tumors. Report of 2 cases]. 779 75

Key growth factor-receptor interactions involved in angiogenesis are possible targets for therapy of CNS tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly specific endothelial cell mitogen that has been shown to stimulate angiogenesis, a requirement for solid tumor growth. The expression of VEGF, the closely related placental growth factor (PIGF), the newly cloned endothelial high affinity VEGF receptors KDR and FLT1, and the endothelial orphan receptors FLT4 and Tie were analyzed by in situ hybridization in normal human brain tissue and in the following CNS tumors: gliomas, grades II, III, IV; meningiomas, grades I and II; and melanoma metastases to the cerebrum. VEGF mRNA was up-regulated in the majority of low grade tumors studied and was highly expressed in cells of malignant gliomas. Significantly elevated levels of Tie, KDR, and FLT1 mRNAs, but not FLT4 mRNA, were observed in malignant tumor endothelia, as well as in endothelia of tissues directly adjacent to the tumor margin. In comparison, there was little or no receptor expression in normal brain vasculature. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that these endothelial receptors are induced during tumor progression and may play a role in tumor angiogenesis.
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PMID:Expression of endothelial cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinases and growth factors in human brain tumors. 785 49

Reports of cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are important for collection and comparison of large numbers of karyotypes of primary CNS neoplasms to produce statistically significant correlations. We report cytogenetic results of 119 samples of pediatric CNS tumors from 109 patients. Tumors included 33 low-grade astrocytomas, 18 high-grade astrocytomas, 14 gangliogliomas, 13 ependymomas, 17 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), three choroid plexus papillomas and carcinomas, and a miscellaneous group of 20 rare primary CNS tumors and metastases. In each group, cytogenetic results were correlated with histologic subtype and survival. The study indicated specific chromosome abnormalities in different groups of tumors. Low-grade astrocytomas showed mostly numeric abnormalities with gains of chromosome 7, high-grade astrocytomas showed differences from karyotypic changes observed in adults in lacking double minutes (dmin) and monosomy 10. The ependymoma group showed the largest proportion of abnormal karyotypes with frequent involvement of chromosome 6 and 16. Chromosome 6 was the single most common abnormal chromosome in this study, closely followed by chromosomes 1 and 11. Pediatric CNS neoplasms differ from adult tumors cytogenetically as well as histologically and biologically.
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PMID:Cytogenetic analysis of 109 pediatric central nervous system tumors. 827 51

Expression of the vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGPF) gene was investigated in human central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms and normal brain. Adsorption of capillary permeability activity from human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell conditioned medium and GBM cyst fluids by anti-VEGPF antibodies demonstrated that VEGPF is secreted by GBM cells and is present in sufficient quantities in vivo to induce vascular permeability. Cloning and sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified GBM and normal brain cDNA demonstrated three forms of the VEGPF coding region (567, 495, and 363 nucleotides), corresponding to mature polypeptides of 189, 165, and 121 amino acids, respectively. VEGPF mRNA levels in CNS tumors vs. normal brain were investigated by the RNase protection assay. Significant elevation of VEGPF gene expression was observed in 81% (22/27) of the highly vascular and edema-associated CNS neoplasms (6/8 GBM, 8/8 capillary hemangioblastomas, 6/7 meningiomas, and 2/4 cerebral metastases). In contrast, only 13% (2/15) of those CNS tumors that are not commonly associated with significant neovascularity or cerebral edema (2/10 pituitary adenomas and 0/5 nonastrocytic gliomas) had significantly increased levels of VEGPF mRNA. The relative abundance of the forms of VEGPF mRNA was consistent in tumor and normal brain: VEGPF495 > VEGPF363 > VEGPF567. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of VEGPF mRNA in tumor cells and its increased abundance in capillary hemangioblastomas. Our results suggest a significant role for VEGPF in the development of CNS tumor neovascularity and peritumoral edema.
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PMID:Expression of the vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor gene in central nervous system neoplasms. 838 Aug 10

Sarcomatous metastasis to the central nervous is generally considered uncommon and rarely shows evidence of hemorrhage. Consequently, patients with fibrosarcoma are rarely screened for metastatic disease in the central nervous system. We present a case of fibrosarcoma with metastasis to brain accompanied by overt hemorrhage into the tumor. It is suggested that patients with fibrosarcoma be routinely screened for metastasis to the central nervous system and that sarcomatous metastasis be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic CNS tumors.
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PMID:Fibrosarcomatous metastasis the central nervous system with overt hemorrhage: case report and review of the literature. 874 68


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