Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

About 15% of patients with cancer have cerebrovascular lesions, resulting from 4 kinds of disorders sometimes intermingled in advanced disseminated cancer: coagulation disorders, direct effects of the tumor, infections and therapeutic measures. Infarction, hardly less frequent than hemorrhage, mostly complicates lymphoma and carcinoma. Hypercoagulation states, such as chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, and nonmetastatic cerebral venous thrombosis account for about 50% of cases. Tumor emboli, as seen in intravascular malignant lymphomatosis, arteritis related to aspergillus, granulomatous angiitis with or without herpes zoster and radiation-induced atherosclerosis are rarer. Cerebral hemorrhages, excluding bleeding from the metastases of choriocarcinoma and melanoma are mainly associated with leukemia by acute disseminated intravascular coagulation as in promyelocytic leukemia, by leukostasis or by pancytopenia. Both infarction and hemorrhage rarely reveal the neoplasia. Lesions are often small and disseminated, and therefore produce a picture of diffuse acute or subacute encephalopathy rather than acute focal deficits. Finally, there may be no relationship between the cerebrovascular event and the neoplasia, and atherosclerosis or traumatic subdural hematoma may well be the causal factor.
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PMID:[Cerebrovascular complications of cancers]. 130 55

HIV-1-related neurological diseases, excluding opportunistic infections and HIV encephalitis, are considered here. Most occur in severely immunosuppressed patients, with CD4 counts of under 200 x 10(6) l-1. Primary brain lymphoma and metastases from systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the second commonest cause of cerebral mass lesions in AIDS, are usually aggressive B cell tumours. Their poor median survival after treatment, compared with that of lymphomas in non-AIDS patients, seems related to systemic complications, particularly opportunistic infections. Kaposi's sarcoma produces neurological symptoms exceptionally. Cerebral infarction is often unrecognized clinically but large vessel arteritic occlusions may occur. Intracranial haemorrhages occur mostly in thrombocytopenic patients. Seizures are frequently referred to the neurologist; investigation may lead to a diagnosis of AIDS. Nearly 50% of patients with seizures have cerebral toxoplasmosis or cryptococcal meningitis; HIV-1 encephalitis is presumed to be the cause in 30%. A subacute or chronic vacuolar myelopathy with pyramidal and posterior column signs is the commonest form of spinal cord involvement in AIDS; its cause remains unknown. Peripheral nerve syndromes occur at all stages of HIV-1 infection. Distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathies are the most frequent, particularly a painful form with axonal atrophy, associated with CMV infection, and seen during ARC or AIDS. Mononeuritis multiplex due to vasculitis, CMV, or lymphoma and a serious lumbosacral polyradiculopathy due to CMV are infrequent. The commonest myopathy is due to zidovudine (AZT); it usually responds to drug withdrawal. The nature, prognosis and optimal management of most other myopathies is yet to be determined.
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PMID:Other neurological diseases in HIV-1 infection: clinical aspects. 134 49

Chest CT from eight patients with pulmonary Wegener granulomatosis were reviewed. The CT features of parenchymal lung involvement included multiple nodules or masses (seven of eight; 88%), ranging in size from 0.3 to 5.0 cm. Lung nodules demonstrated distinct feeding vessels in seven of eight patients (88%); and lesions similar to pulmonary infarcts, i.e., peripheral wedge-shaped lesions abutting the pleura, were identified in seven cases (88%). Scarring, spiculation, and pleural tags emanating from pulmonary nodules were prominent features (seven of eight; 88%). Other findings included cavitation (four of eight; 50%), air bronchograms through nodules (two of eight; 25%), and pleural effusions (two of eight; 25%). One patient on immunosuppressant therapy also demonstrated scattered ground glass infiltrates due to complicating pneumocystis pneumonia. In comparison to corresponding conventional chest radiography, CT examinations revealed more parenchymal lesions in five of eight cases (63%) and bilateral disease instead of unilateral disease in one of eight cases (13%). Feeding vessels were only identified on CT. Wegener granulomatosis is a primary necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis, and when it affects the lung it demonstrates CT features that are similar to other vessel-related disorders of the lung such as septic emboli, pulmonary infarcts, and tumor emboli of hematogenous metastases. We believe that these CT features--nodules with feeding vessels and wedge-shaped lesions abutting the pleura--are related to the necrotizing angiitis that affects pulmonary arteries and veins in this disease.
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PMID:Wegener granulomatosis: CT features of parenchymal lung disease. 193 73

The important association of neoplasia and rheumatic disease was reviewed. The literature in the last year included case reports of neoplasia, particularly hematologic, causing arthritis by direct joint involvement. Immunocytologic techniques may help in the diagnosis. The evidence linking dermatomyositis and polymyositis to malignancy was reviewed, although analysis of the literature was hampered by poor documentation and lack of control subjects. HOA may occur secondary to mediastinal or pulmonary metastases from nonbronchogenic malignancies. The important association of hematologic malignancy with vasculitis was highlighted.
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PMID:Rheumatic manifestations of neoplasia. 270 59

It was the aim of this study to examine the probability of pathogenetical relations between extracerebral malignant tumors and lesions of CNS. The term paraneoplastic should be questioned. Among a running series of 2,000 brain autopsies, 456 patients (22.8%) showed such tumors, 362 of these combined with lesions in brain or spinal cord. Out of these cases, 100 had metastases, meningoses blastomatosae or leukotic hemorrhages, 218 other, non-tumoral lesions, and 44 both tumoral and non-tumoral lesions. The last-mentioned 262 cases were the target of the examination. We distinguished 6 groups: a) various well-definable impacts, diseases or genetical defects (n = 18), b) unspecific terminal resp. agonal changes (n = 49), c) vascular or circulatory disorders incl. embolizations (20 non-leukotic hemorrhages, 148 anemic infarctions or selective neuronal necroses), thromboses, angiitis or calcifications, d) infections and other inflammatory alterations (n = 37), e) metabolic and toxic lesions (9 Wernicke's disease, 12 central pontine myelinolyses, f) anomalies difficult to classify (51 cases with subacute cerebellar atrophy, diffuse leukoencephalopathy, focal spongious axonopathic lesions, myelomalacia and other). After analysing the various lesions and discussing the probable pathogenesis we grouped according to the following scheme: I) tumor-unrelated (casual coincidence) (43.2%), II) therapy-dependent (3.7%), III) agony-related (10.7%), IV) homoiogenic disorders (e.g. larynx carcinoma and Wernicke's disease) (2.0%), V) nosocomial disorders (12.9%), VI) tumor-dependent (local neighbourhood effects, primary or secondary remote effects). As the central group there remain the primary remote effects (17.3%), separable into specific functional anomalies by tumorous organ destruction, remote effects of tumor cell-born (ectopic) release of hormones or hormone-like substances (n = 2), tumor antigen-dependent immune reactions (n = 20), and pathogenetically still uncleared mechanisms (n = 51). One should apply the term paraneoplastic only for the three last-mentioned conditions.
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PMID:Encephalomyelopathies associated with extracerebral malignant tumors. 331 23

Cutaneous metastatic disease which clinically mimics a cutaneous vasculitis developed in a 53-year-old postmenopausal women with Stage II adenocarcinoma of the breast. This unusual presentation is contrasted with the more common variants of cutaneous metastatic breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma of the breast. An unusual presentation mimicking cutaneous vasculitis. 381 93

A cohort of 8 patients with myxoma of the left atria and neurological manifestations is reported. Cerebral ischaemia, sometimes responsible for epileptic seizures, led to the discover of the myxoma (5 cases) or recurrence after exeresis (1 case) with imaging evidence of cerebral infarction in 5 cases. The first manifestation was a retinal embolism and temporary ischaemia in 1 case and pulmonary embolism with regressive cerebral ischaemia in another case with bilateral myxoma. Some clinical particularities should be underlined including exercise-induced neurological defect (3 cases), systemic embolism associated with cerebral infarction (3 cases), migraine headache as the initial manifestation (1 case) preceding by a pseudolupic syndrome suggesting the possibility of cerebral vasculitis or infectious endocarditis (1 case). The prognosis depends on the risk of recurrent atrial tumour formation (1 case). Metastases are rare. Multiple cerebral aneurysms (3 cases) did not lead to haemorrhagic complications.
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PMID:[Myxoma of the left atrium with neurologic manifestations: 8 cases]. 759 71

We report on the case history of a 30-year-old man with chronic, therapy-resistant urticarial vasculitis for more than 1 year. On clinical examination a metastasizing malignant teratoma of the testes was diagnosed. For surgical management and oncological therapy the patient was referred to appropriate clinical units. After the treatment there urticarial vasculitis also disappeared without any specific therapy, but the persisting metastases in the lungs caused early reappearance of the urticarial vasculitis. Chemotherapy led to partial remission of metastases, and in fact also to an improvement in the urticarial alterations of the skin. Two months after the last cycle of chemotherapy metastases of the brain were discovered and at the same time the urticarial vasculitis was found to be present again in full-blown form.
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PMID:[Urticaria-vasculitis syndrome in metastatic malignant testicular teratoma]. 784 69

Approximately 5% of patients with acute myocardial infarction do not have atherosclerotic coronary artery disease but have other causes for their luminal narrowing. The third part of this three-part review of nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary narrowing focuses on coronary vasculitis, infectious diseases, Kawasaki's disease, metabolic disorders, metastatic disease, and substance abuse (cocaine).
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PMID:Nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary artery narrowing--Part III. 886 40

We report a case of a 35-year-old man who died of a brain infarct 20 months after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the tonsil with metastases to the cervical lymph nodes. Histology revealed mild atherosclerosis, necrotizing vasculitis, and occlusive thrombosis of the internal carotid artery. Significant changes were observed in the vasa vasorum: swelling and detachment of the endothelium, subendothelial oedema, hyaline change, fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel walls with mononuclear cellular infiltration, accompanied by focal haemorrhages and chronic inflammation in the periadventitial soft tissue. We believe that these changes of the vasa vasorum and necrotizing vasculitis are causally related and that vasculitis represents focal ischaemic necroses with inflammatory reaction. Our findings support the hypothesis, based on experimental studies, that injury to the vasa vasorum is an important mechanism in the development of radiation-induced vasculopathy of large arteries. They also suggest an evolution of the injury to the vasa vasorum and periadventitial tissue from the early lesions described in our patient, to late stages resulting in dense periadventitial fibrosis as reported previously. We suggest that injury to the vasa vasorum and the consequent ischaemic lesions of the arterial wall are morphological features distinguishing radiation-induced arterial injury from spontaneous atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Contribution to the pathogenesis of radiation-induced injury to large arteries. 942 96


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