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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary vaginal cancer are infrequent and amount to 2 or 3 per cent of the gynecological cancers. Their diagnosis is difficult, because many other cancers metastasize in the vagina. The primary vaginal cancer arise mostly after climateric. Adjuvant causes would be a total hysterectomy in the past, prolapsus, prolonged use a pessary or a previous irradiation. The squamous-cell carcinomas, by far the most frequent (91%), are mostly situated in the upper third of the vagina on the anterior and posterior walls. Surgery, being difficult and mutilating is rarely indicated. So the treatment is mainly radiotherapic: external irradiation and intracavitary curietherapy. The radiation techniques are a little different according to the site of the lesion in the lower third or not. The upper lesion can be treated like a cervix cancer. The lower ones are more difficult to handle; for curietherapy, one must use molded apparatus, loaded with Iridium wire, adapted to each special case. The therapeutic results are rather poor:43 per cent for the 5-year cure rate and 36 per cent for the 10-year cure rate: less than for the cervix uteri. The upper lesions have a better prognosis than the lower ones. Results should be improved with an earlier diagnosis, a more accurate radiotherapy and a more precise dosimetry. The non-squamous-cell cancers (adenocarcinomas, sarcomas, mallignant melanomas) are generally rather radio-resistant. They are rare and their prognosis is very poor.
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PMID:[Primary vaginal cancer in adults. Apropos of 72 cases treated at the Fondation Curie from 1956 to 1968]. 92 78

Endorectal ultrasound examination is a valuable method for detection and monitoring of pelvic diseases. The authors record their clinical experience in endorectal ultrasonography with Bruel & Kjaer ultrasound scanner. One hundred patients with diseases of the pelvic organs were examined, mainly before and after operation of ano-rectal cancer. There were 59 patients with rectal cancer, 8 patients with relapse after rectal resection, 3 patients with anal cancer, 2 patients with insufficiency of the anastomoses after rectal resection with formation of pelvic abscesses, 2 patients with metastases of bladder cancer, 2 patients with rectal cancer invading the prostate gland, 1 patient with vaginal cancer invading the rectum, 1 patient with rectal cancer invading the bladder and both ureters leading to bilateral hydronephrosis and 2 patients with extrauterine pregnancy. Another group of 20 patients was examined for detecting early postoperative recurrences. EU is an obligatory method of diagnosis of rectal cancer. It is part of the complex approach to the choice of operative method and helps to make short- and long-term prognosis after the operation. The method is also essential for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the pelvis and in-lying organs.
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PMID:[Endorectal ultrasonography]. 184 84

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in invasive carcinomas of the vagina, in their lymph node metastases, and in corresponding normal tissue was investigated by Southern blot hybridization with 32P-labeled HPV DNA. Tumor tissue from ten of 18 patients with vaginal carcinoma contained HPV DNA. Three of the 18 patients had a history of cervical neoplasia more than 14 years before the diagnosis of vaginal carcinoma. Five of 15 primary squamous cell carcinomas, one primary adenocarcinoma, and a vulvar recurrence of a vaginal squamous carcinoma contained HPV 16. A primary squamous carcinoma yielded HPV-related sequences. The HPV copy number varied from 0.5 to 50 per cellular genome. Four histologically positive inguinal lymph nodes from three patients contained HPV DNA. In six tumor-free control tissues from four patients, no HPV DNA was detected. No relationship was established between HPV positivity, HPV type, or copy number of the tumor and the grade of differentiation or keratinization or the clinical stage. After a median follow-up of 13 months, five of nine HPV-positive patients were alive without recurrence, whereas all seven HPV-negative patients had died because of disease. The results of this study indicate a possible major role of HPV in the development of vaginal cancer.
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PMID:Human papillomavirus DNA in invasive carcinoma of the vagina. 216 63

The analysis of the data on 3225 irradiated patients with cervical cancer was performed to evaluate the probability of development of primary multiple tumors of the vagina. The actual risk of second tumor development within the mean period of survival of the treated patients (30 years) was 200 times higher than the expected risk of vaginal cancer in the general population. Local radiation injury and overdose proved the main factors of risk. Basic differences between these tumors, and primary vaginal malignancies and late metastases and relapses of cervical cancer are discussed. They were used as basis for the identification of a separate entity, namely radiation-induced cancer of the vagina. Patients irradiated for cervical cancer should be followed for their life-time.
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PMID:[Multiple primary vaginal tumors following the radiation treatment of cervical cancer]. 237 94

The paper is concerned with the results of interstitial radiotherapy of 31 patients aged 30 to 76. Of them 18 patients had recurrences or metastases to the vagina, 9 patients--vulvar cancer, 4 patients--vaginal cancer. Interstitial radiotherapy with Co and 252Cf sources was used. A method of successive manual administration of intrastats and ionizing radiation sources was employed. The chief modality was interstitial radiotherapy supplemented with teletherapy or application gamma-beam therapy taking into account the time and doses of previous radiotherapy. Complete tumor regression was observed over time (4-27 mos.) in 23 (74.2%) of 31 patients. Radiation effects were manifested in hyperemia, edema of the mucous membrane and filmy epitheliitis at the site of administration of radioactive sources. Interstitial therapy can be a method of choice for a certain group of patients, especially in case of a limited tumor without infiltration to the adjacent organs.
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PMID:[Interstitial irradiation of malignant neoplasms of the female genitalia]. 281 27

The paper presents a retrospective evaluation of 47 patients with bone metastases treated surgically during the last 10 years at our ward. The mean age of the patients was 62.5 years. There were 31 females (mean age: 62.8 years) and 16 males (mean age: 62.3 years). In 37 cases (78.8%) it as possible to establish the primary localization of the tumour: breast carcinoma--16 cases, ovary cancer 5 cases, lung cancer--5 cases, prostate cancer--5 cases, kidney cancer--2 cases, stomach cancer--1 case, vagina cancer--1 case, hepatocarcinoma--1 cases and plasmocytoma--1 cases. In 10 cases (21.1%) we were unable to establish the primary focus of the tumour. The localization of the metastases was as follows: femur--32 cases, humerus--6 cases, tibia--3 cases, lumbar spine--1 case. Patients treated very briefly after qualification for surgery, in some cases during emergency service. In 2 cases of metastases to the tibia amputations at the femur were performed. The remaining patients were treated by local excisions of the metastatic tumours, followed by: in 33 cases internal osteosynthesis and bone cement application; in 7 cases osteosynthesis, in 4 cases hip arthroplasties and posterior spine instrumentation in 1 case. In 6.4% we had poor results because of the death of 3 patients. The mean follow-up was three months. In 93.6% we had good and very good results--no pain, good function and independence during daily activities. Mean survival time was 13.5 month (range 5-28 months).
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PMID:[Efficacy of operative treatment for pathological fractures in bone metastases in relation to length and comfort of survival]. 1138 15

Vaginal cancer represents about 1-2% of the genital tract malignancies. Most cases represent metastasis from the cervix, endometrium or colon. Metastasis of salivary duct carcinoma to the vagina has not been previously reported. Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare, highly aggressive tumor that most often involves the parotid gland. On presentation, SDC is metastasized to the regional lymph nodes in about 40% of cases. We report a case of metastatic salivary duct carcinoma presenting as a vaginal mass with bleeding. Diagnosis was confirmed by the histological appearance in addition to immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of vaginal metastasis from SDC. Small-sized primaries might be ignored by the patient, specially in the older age group, probably due to lack of manifesting symptoms like pain and bleeding. Some cancers, like SDC, have various histologic patterns in different areas of the tumor. Careful examinations of multiple sections, in addition to an immunohistochemical panel, and histologic comparison of all lesions are keys to a correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Salivary duct carcinoma presenting with vaginal metastasis: case report. 1796 26

Although primary vaginal cancer is uncommon, representing 1-2% of all female genital malignancies, metastatic disease to the vagina is not. Most cases represent metastases from other pelvic organs or the colon. We present the second case in the literature of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasizing exclusively to the vagina.
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PMID:Symptomatic vaginal bleeding in a postmenopausal woman: a case report of pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasizing exclusively to the vagina. 1798 Jan 74

We reviewed the clinical records of 6 cases with anal squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The radiotherapy consisted of 40 Gy delivered to the pelvis and bilateral inguinal lesion, and a perianal booster dose of 20 Gy, in fractions of 2.0 Gy per day, 5 days per week. 5-FU and mitomycin C were administrated 3 times every 4 weeks as standard chemotherapy. On the first day of radiation therapy, 750 mg/m2 of 5-FU in the form of a continuous 24-hour infusion for 5 days was given. On the first day of chemotherapy, 10 mg/m2 of mitomycin C was also given as a single bolus infusion. One aged patient with a T3 tumor was administrated oral S-1 during radiotherapy. Four patients had a T2 tumor, 1 had a T1 tumor, and 1 had a T3 tumor. One patient had metastases in the Virchow lymph node that originated from synchronous vaginal cancer. No patient had hematogenous metastases. Grade 2 adverse effects occurred in 3 patients, and Grade 3 in 1 patient, during CRT, but the completion of CRT was achieved in all 6 patients. All patients had complete response (CR) in the anal lesion after CRT. Only the patient with a T3 tumor who was administrated S- 1 showed signs of recurrence in the anal lesion. CRT is expected to be a safe and effective treatment for improving the prognosis of anal squamous carcinoma.
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PMID:[Our experiences of anal squamous cell carcinoma treated by chemoradiotherapy]. 2326 16

Primary vaginal cancer represents only 1% to 2% of malignant neoplasm of the female genital tract. Here, we report a 68-year-old woman who showed a vaginal tumor extending to urethra and clitoris, a 10 cm-sized mass in left adnexa and multiple metastases in lung and liver. Vaginal biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma of vagina and she was diagnosed as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IVB vaginal cancer. Palliative surgery including left salpingectomy, tumorectomy, and clitoris mass excision was performed. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) with six cycles of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was administered. The patient had a complete remission of 20 months after treatment. At a 40-month follow-up, there was no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. We can suggest that CCRT is very effective in treating primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina, not only in locally advanced but also systemically involved vaginal cancer in selected cases.
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PMID:Vaginal cancer with multiple liver and pulmonary metastases that achieved long-term survival. 2439 23


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