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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a patient with pulmonary and bony metastases due to follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, occurring 12 years after the initial diagnosis. This was brought to light by worsening diabetic control due to thyrotoxicosis from functioning malignant thyroid tissue. Following radio-active iodine therapy, she remains well with good control of her diabetes.
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PMID:Metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid presenting with thyrotoxic induced impaired control of diabetes mellitus. 371 6

Thyroid carcinoma is not a common disorder but the metastatic thyroid carcinoma manifesting thyrotoxicosis is exceedingly rare. Since Leiter et al. described the first patient with adenocarcinoma of the thyroid with functioning metastases and postoperative thyrotoxicosis in 1946, about 20 such cases have been reported. We have examined two cases of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma with T3-hyperthyroidism after surgical ablation of the gland. The thyrotoxicosis was induced by excessive iodine contamination during preoperative radiological examination.
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PMID:[Iodine-induced T3 hyperthyroidism in metastatic follicular thyroid cancer]. 379 60

We present a case of well-differentiated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with hyperfunctioning metastases and clinical thyrotoxicosis. The recommended I-131 treatment dose for patients with widespread bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma is 200 mCi. However, in a patient with hyperfunctioning metastatic tumor and increased radioiodine uptake, the treatment dose should be modified. Radiation dosimetry measurements performed on the patient in this study demonstrated that 132 mCi would be a safe therapeutic I-131 dose which would avoid injury to normal radiosensitive tissues. Consequently, she was given a 130-mCi therapeutic dose.
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PMID:Radioactive iodine treatment of metastatic thyroid carcinoma with clinical thyrotoxicosis. 407 86

Thyroglobulin (TG) is a normal constituent of serum detectable by radioimmunoassay in 75% to 90% of healthy adults. Levels are altered in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Although the indications for serum TG measurements have not been clearly established, it is simple, inexpensive, and presents no risk of radiation exposure. Problems include variable sensitivity and reproducibility of assays, interference by TG autoantibodies, and changes induced by certain diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Serum TG measurements is primarily used as a tumor marker in thyroid carcinoma. Values are almost invariably high with disseminated metastases. After total ablation of thyroid tissue, serum TG determination is useful in separating patients in remission from those with residual metastatic disease. Serial measurements in the same patients are useful in monitoring the effect of treatment of nonfunctioning thyroid metastases. It is of no proved value in the initial diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Controversy still exists regarding the advantages of measuring TG during hormonal therapy. The assay may aid in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis factitia, painless subacute thyroiditis, and neonatal hypothyroidism.
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PMID:The value of serum thyroglobulin measurement in clinical practice. 635 25

Gestational choriocarcinoma frequently presents diagnostic difficulties as the first symptoms are often due to distant metastases, particularly to the lung. A case of choriocarcinoma is described; the main features were thyrotoxicosis and a solitary metastasis in the lung arising from a clinically normal uterus. It is emphasized that clinical evaluation of the uterus is unreliable in the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, a disease which must always be suspected in females with atypical thyrotoxicosis.
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PMID:Pitfalls in the diagnosis of gestational choriocarcinoma. A case report. 653 51

A 49-year-old Laotian woman presented with apathetic hyperthyroidism and suppurative thyroiditis from Salmonella cholerae-suis occurring in a multinodular gland with a large right-sided mass. Apathetic hyperthyroidism in this age group is uncommon and Salmonella thyroiditis has been infrequently described. Surgical removal of the mass which had effectively concentrated radioactive iodine cured the hyperthyroidism and permitted the remaining suppressed normal tissue to regain function. Pathologic evaluation of the functioning mass demonstrated nearly total replacement of normal thyroid tissue by follicular carcinoma. No clear evidence of metastatic disease was present. Thyrotoxicosis from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid not resulting from metastases has not been previously described.
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PMID:Salmonella thyroiditis, apathetic thyrotoxicosis, and follicular carcinoma in a Laotian woman. 713 41

The approach to management of an isolated thyroid nodule requires some understanding of the natural history of thyroid cancer and other forms of nodular thyroid disease. The histologic classification of thyroid cancer is an important determinant of survival, as are the size of the primary tumor, presence of thyroid capsule invasion, and presence of distant metastases. Therapeutic radiation and radioactive fallout increase the risk that a thyroid nodule is malignant. Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules are usually benign follicular adenomas and may cause thyrotoxicosis.
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PMID:Solitary thyroid nodule. 1. Clinical characteristics. 724 4

Since thyroid scanning was introduced in Singapore in 1968 there has been progressive increase in the demand for these scans. 215 patients comprising 153 females and 62 males were scanned in 1976 using 131I. The solitary nodule was the commonest condition referred for scans (60%) and next was the multinodular goitre 919%). Other indications for scan included postthyroidectomy cases, aberrant thyroids, retrosternal goitres, thyrotoxicosis and metastases from thyroid carcinoma. 73 cases of solitary cold nodules were discovered and 43 of these were operated on. 7 of these were found to be malignant, giving an incidence of 16%. The incidence of malignancy in the cold nodule varies in the reported literature. By itself the 131I scan cannot diagnose malignancy but is it a useful supplementary test in addition to the clinical and other investigations.
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PMID:Thyroid scanning & the significance of the solitary cold nodule. 733 98

Obstetrician-gynecologists reviewed patient records of women delivering during January 1986-December 1992 to determine the maternal mortality rate and trends and the causes of maternal deaths in the maternity ward at the National University of Singapore. There were 26,173 deliveries and 9 maternal deaths (a maternal mortality rate of 22.9/100,000). The causes of maternal deaths were pulmonary embolism (underlying condition, systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), hemorrhage from multiple sites (thrombotic thrombocytopenia), acute exacerbation of SLE with interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis (systemic sclerosis), fulminant hepatitis (prior hepatitis and liver disease), and cerebral embolism (rheumatic heart disease with mitral valve replacement). There were also three incidental maternal deaths bringing the maternal mortality rate up to 34.4/1000. The incidental causes of death included septicemia from perforated peptic ulcer (uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis), multiple metastases from lung cancer, and suicide (family dispute over adoption of newborn). A cesarean section preceded 4 (44%) of the 9 maternal deaths. Two of these deaths were incidental maternal deaths. Cesarean section was related to two of the remaining six (33%) deaths. These findings show that traditional direct causes of maternal death (hemorrhage, sepsis, embolism, or hypertension) were not responsible for the maternal deaths at this tertiary facility. Instead, the women tended to have medical conditions that placed them at high risk of death regardless of pregnancy status.
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PMID:Maternal mortality: evolving trends. 781 Nov 98

Reports of concurrent thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer have appeared in the last three decades. While most of the tumours have been clinically inconsequential, it has been suggested that thyroid carcinomas arising in patients with Graves' disease tend to behave aggressively, while those associated with toxic nodular goitre follow a more benign course. We report a contrary clinical experience with four cases of thyrotoxicosis associated with metastatic thyroid cancer, two of which were fatal. All four patients had toxic nodular goitre. Thyroid eye signs were uniformly absent. Two patients had received 131I therapy; none had other history of irradiation to the head or neck. Antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies were absent in all four patients. Thyroid-simulating immunoglobulin, which was measured in one patient, was also absent. Histopathological examination of the resected thyroid glands revealed two papillary cancers. one mixed anaplastic/papillary and one anaplastic cancer. All four patients had cervical node involvement and one had pulmonary metastases. Both patients with anaplastic carcinoma succumbed to their disease within 6 months: neither of the patients with papillary cancer had disease recurrence after 2 and 4 years, respectively. The experience reported here of aggressive thyroid cancer associated with toxic nodular goitre may represent coincidence or, alternatively, it may represent the early recognition of a change in the natural history of toxic nodular goitre.
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PMID:Aggressive thyroid cancer associated with toxic nodular goitre. 861 37


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