Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prognosis in prostate cancer is determined, in greater part, by the presence of metastases. Bone metastases can occur in any part of the skeleton even, for example, at the base of the skull. We present a case of a 78 year old male who, in December 2001, presented with paralysis of the third cranial nerve. The NMR and CAT scans were normal and circulating levels of PSA were elevated. He was referred to the Urology Service where the treatment guidelines included complete androgen block. Subsequently, he developed retro-orbital pain, divergent strabismus and palpebral ptosis. CAT and NMR indicated a soft tissue mass at the sphenoid level. Treatment was Gamma Knife Radio-surgery. Since August 2004, in conjunction with the latest rise in PSA, the patients general status deteriorated considerably and he was referred to the Oncology Service. There was an increase in the paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve (complete left ophthalmoplegia) and left-central facial paralysis. Metastases from prostate cancer can be disseminated via the lymphatic or the blood system. Currently, there are more metastases from large-size tumours. Metastases are critical in prostate cancer because of their adverse effect on the patients survival. Measurements of circulating levels of prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase are very useful in the clinical diagnosis of the primary tumour, or its metastases.
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PMID:[Ophthalmoplegia in a patient with prostate cancer and bone metastases]. 1623 78

A 6-year-old girl had total hyphema and elevated left intraocular pressure following trivial trauma. B-scan with vector A-scan revealed vitreous opacities consistent with hemorrhage. The drained hyphema did not recur. A left vascular conjunctival mass and massive cervical lymphadenopathy occurred 7 months later. Biopsy revealed extraocular retinoblastoma and lymph node metastasis. Computed tomography showed an intraocular mass with intracranial extension. She died of metastatic disease despite intensive chemotherapy. Retinoblastoma should be suspected in a child with hyphema following trivial trauma.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Systemic metastasis following hyphema drainage in an unsuspected retinoblastoma. 1741 Sep 64

Fibrosis of the extraocular muscles can be congenital or acquired. Acquired causes include trauma, myositis, thyroid eye disease, infection, and metastases. Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) runs in families and is known to have a genetic basis. It has been classified by Brown, Hansen, and Harley et al into the five following types: general fibrosis syndrome; fibrosis of the inferior rectus (IR) with blepharoptosis; strabismus fixus; vertical retraction syndrome; and unilateral fibrosis, blepharoptosis, and enophthalmos syndrome. In this report, a case of unilateral fibrosis with enophthalmos and blepharoptosis due to a fibrous band is described.
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PMID:Unilateral restrictive ophthalmoplegia and enophthalmos associated with an intraorbital tissue band. 1772 May 74

The most common presentation of metastases to the pituitary gland in systemic lymphoma is diabetes insipidus resulting from infiltration of the infundibulum/posterior lobe. We describe a 69-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell stage IV lymphoma who presented with anterior pituitary hypofunction, without features of posterior pituitary involvement. He presented with a few months of postural dizziness and hypotension, weight loss, fever, strabismus of right eye and a superficial abdominal wall mass. At this time he had no history of malignancy. Biochemically he had hypovolemic hyponatremia, secondary hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Further hormonal work-up revealed panhypopituitarism but no diabetes insipidus. Imaging of the brain, thorax and abdomen demonstrated diffuse intracranial pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement, multiple lymphadenopathies, a bulky right adrenal gland and a large left suprarenal mass, which were indicative of an infiltrative disease. Imaging of the pituitary showed heterogeneous enhancement of the anterior lobe with an unremarkable pituitary stalk and posterior lobe. Biopsy of the superficial abdominal wall mass revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma confirmed by bone marrow aspiration biopsy. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan confirmed diffuse systemic disease involving the right orbital apex, bilateral adrenal glands, bone and bone marrow, retroperitoneum and subcutaneous tissues; however, the pituitary gland, infundibulum and hypothalamus did not show any lesions on the PET scan. The patient was commenced on two cycles of chemotherapy but unfortunately died, thus recovery of pituitary function was not tested. Pure anterior pituitary hypofunction can uncommonly present in individuals with metastases to the pituitary gland, in contrast to the more common posterior pituitary/infundibulum involvement.
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PMID:Anterior panhypopituitarism in diffuse large B-cell stage IV lymphoma. 2474 11

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. It typically presents with leukocoria or strabismus. In later stages of the disease, the child may exhibit proptosis, buphthalmos, or hypopyon. The pathognomonic molecular aberration is a loss of function mutation in the RB1 gene on chromosome 13q. The degree of tumor involvement within the eye is defined by its group. Grouping was historically done with Reese-Ellsworth System. Recent therapeutic advances have led to the development of a new grouping system, the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB). In cases of extraocular extension and metastatic disease, the degree of tumor involvement outside of the eye is defined by its stage. Retinoblastoma is staged using the International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS). Children with intraocular retinoblastoma have an excellent overall and ocular survival. In order to avoid the morbidity of enucleation and external beam radiation, treatments for isolated intraocular retinoblastoma have progressively moved toward targeted local modalities. Patients with extraocular involvement, such as those with trilateral retinoblastoma, have a poorer prognosis. The majority of these higher stage patients are now able to be cured with combination chemotherapy.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma. 2602 80

Retinoblastomas represent 6% of all malignant tumors in children under 5 years old, which untreated lead to blindness in the affected eye and death due to metastases. The main symptoms are leukocoria and strabismus, which if possible, always necessitate a clarification within 1 week for exclusion of a retinoblastoma. The most frequent differential diagnoses are Coats' disease and persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) as well as other intraocular tumors, in particular astrocytomas. Systemic chemotherapy, if necessary in combination with laser hyperthermia, local chemotherapy and brachytherapy are the most important methods for eye-preserving treatment. Advanced cases mostly necessitate enucleation.
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PMID:[Retinoblastoma]. 3220 13


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