Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AEP) serum levels were determined by a new radioimmunoassay (sensitivity about 5 ng/ml) in 47 patients with teratocarcinoma of the testis and in 58 cases with seminoma before operation and during the postoperative course of the disease. In 140 healthy adult persons normal AFP levels below 15 ng/ml were measured. Of 14 preoperative cases with teratocarcinoma, 12 (86%) showed pathologic AFP levels over 20 ng/ml up to 3875 ng/ml. Postoperatively, cases free of metastases developed normal AFP concentrations within 4 to 10 weeks, whereas cases with distant metastases retained constant or increasing pathologic levels following a clinical deterioration. Only in three postoperative cases were Ouchterlony-positive results (AFP sensitivity about 10 000 ng/ml) observed. In contrast, patients with seminoma showed normal AFP levels below 20 ng/ml pre- and postoperatively. According to the results, AFP radioimmunoassay is recommended as an important tool for the differentiation of teratocarcinoma from other tumors of the testis and as a useful parameter for the control of therapy and the course of the disease.
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PMID:[Radioimmunologic serum determinations of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with tumors of the testis (author's transl)]. 7 Aug 76

From 1958 to 1974, 129 patients with pure seminoma of the testis were admitted to the Institute of Radiology, University of Florence. Sixty-two were in Stage I, 36 in Stage II A, 23 in Stage II B, 3 in Stage III, and 5 in Stage IV, Para-aortic and ipsilateral iliac nodes were treated in all cases with doses ranging from 3000 to 4200 rads. In the treatment of the supradiaphragmatic area, uniform criteria were not adopted. Out of 124 cases in Stage I, II A and B, and III, 17 suffered a replase; aall relapsed cases died except for one. Site and cause of the failures were analyzed. Prophylactic irradiation of the mediastinum and supraclavicular area appears to lower the probability of recurrence in Stage II. Doses over 3500 rads may be necessary to destroy large metastases. The presence of nonseminomatous areas in the seminoma showing inadequate regression after radiotherapy must be suspected; an exploratory laparotomy should be indicated in such a case.
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PMID:Radiotherapy of seminoma of the testis. Report on 129 patients. 9 27

Primary pure cell seminoma of the mediastinum is a rare and potentially fatal lesion. Encroachment on or invasion of adjacent structures is common, as are distant metastases. The differentiation between pure cell seminomas and mixed germ cell tumors should be made since the extreme radiosensitivity of seminomas improves the prognosis. The presence of metastases from primary mediastinal seminomas, as with testicular germinomas, need not be a deterrent to long-term cure. Recommended therapy consists of total or subtotal removal, radiation therapy (2,500 to 3,500 rads delivered over 2 to 4 weeks), and, in some patients, chemotherapy. A patient who was successfully treated with subtotal removal and irradiation is presented.
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PMID:Seminoma of the anterior mediastinum. 16 41

Autopsy findings in 20 cases of clinical extragonadal germ-cell tumors arising in the anterior mediastinum are presented. The histologic types were: 2 choriocarcinomas, 3 seminomas, 3 malignant teratomas, 3 embryonal carcinomas, and 9 mixed germ-cell tumors. All of the patients were men, and the ages ranged from 14 to 45 years, with a mean of 32.5 years. The mean survival for these patients after diagnosis was 10.9 months. Local recurrence was characteristic of non-seminomatous tumors. In patients with seminoma, local control of the disease was good, but distant metastases were the cause of death. The most frequent sites of metastases were lungs, bones and liver. In all 20 cases, the testes were carefully step-sectioned. Occult tumor was found in only one case of embryonal carcinoma and a well-defined testicular scar with calcification in a patient with choriocarcinoma. Both patients had lower retroperitoneal metastases. These findings support the premise that, in the majority of cases, these tumors had a primary extragonadal origin.
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PMID:Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum, postmortem findings. 17 71

Records of 63 cases of testicular tumors treated at the Hunter Radiation Therapy Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1962 through 1971 were reviewed. One hundred percent cure rate was obtained in the 36 Stage I and II pure seminoma (Group I) patients. For Stage I, the para-aortic and homolateral iliac lymph nodes were irradiated to a dose of 3,000 to 3,500 rads in three to four weeks. Elective irradiation of the mediastinum and supraclavicular areas was omitted. For Stage II, such extended field irradiation was employed to a dose of 2,000 to 3,000 rads in two to three weeks. Six (or 43 percent) of the 14 embryonal carcinoma (Group II) patients are alive for a minimum of three to a maximum of eleven years. Both teratoma (Group III) patients are alive at five and seven years as well. All eight Stage I teratocarconoma (Group IV) patients are alive with no evident disease at three to ten years. Our data indicate the difference in prognosis between patients who subsequently developed localized lung metastases and those who initially presented with pulmonary disease. We conclude that intensive combined efforts of both radiation and medical oncologists can salvage a considerable number of patients with metachronous onset of pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:Radiation therapy for testicular tumors metastasizing to the lungs. 17 93

Changes in erythropoiesis were studied in 94 patients with testicular germ cell tumours (24 seminoma, 70 nonseminomatous tumours). Additionally ferrokinetic studies with 59Fe were performed in 29 patients with proven metastases. Only 2 of 37 tumour-free patients sustained moderate anemia after recess of primary therapy (2 seminoma, after X-ray-irradiation). In patients with disseminated tumour disease the anemia and the reduction of 59Fe-utilisation correlated positively with the elevation of serum estradiol concentrations, whereas no correlation could be established with testosterone serum levels.
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PMID:[Anemia in patients with malignant testicular tumors]. 29 40

Two hundred patients with seminomas were under observation in the urological clinic of the N.N Petrov Research Institute of Oncology. The histological characteristic of 3 groups of seminomas is presented; spermatocytic seminomas (Masson seminoma)--in 9 patients, Chevassu seminomas (dysgerminomas)--in 95, and dysgerminomas with the syncytio-and cytotrophoblast elements--in 86. Observations over the patients indicated that Chevassu seminomas (dysgerminomas) metastases are highly sensitive to radiotherapy and sarcolysin, while Masson seminoma metastases and dysgerminomas with the trophoblast elements would show resistance to the therapy of this kind. The experience has shown that including of olivomycin and cyclophosphane in the chemotherapy for spermatocytic seminomas and of methatrexate and dactinomycin for dysgerminomas with the trophoblast elements enhances the effectiveness of the treatment. Also, it seems rational to include retroperitoneal lymphadnectomy in the complex of measures against dysgerminomas with the trophoblast elements.
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PMID:[Clinical morphological characteristics of seminomas]. 42 97

Review of the literature discloses 76 cases of carcinoma metastatic to the palatine tonsil. Of these cases reported or mentioned, 51 were detailed sufficiently or occurred frequently enough to allow analysis. We add two new cases of hypernephroma, and also study the courses of patients with primaries of the stomach, breast, lung and melanoma and seminoma. Bilateral tonsilar involvement is found to be very common in melanoma and not uncommon in seminoma and adenocarcinomas of the stomach and breast. It is uncommon for bronchogenic carcinoma and hypernephroma to metastasize to both palatine tonsils. When laterality is present the left tonsil is more commonly involved than the right, except by melanoma. Regarding neoplastic involvement of the primary organ, the left side gives rise to malignancies more often than the right side. Only seminoma has a high incidence of other metastases. The mean time interval between development of the primary and the tonsillar secondary is one year or less in seminomas, bronchogenic carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the stomach, but 2 1/2 years or more for adenocarcinomas of the breast and kidney and melanomas. The mean time of survival after appearance of the tonsillar metastasis is nine months or less, regardless of the cell type of the primary malignancy.
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PMID:Hypernephroma metastatic to the palatine tonsils. 44 18

Two cases of occult seminoma were observed which showed left-sided lymph node metastases without clinically demonstrable testicular tumors. The peculiar histology of the lymph node metastases, namely PAS-positive tumor cells with clear cytoplasm together with a granulomatous stromal reaction, was highly suggestive of seminoma. Despite lack of testicular enlargement in both cases, a left-sided orchiectomy was done. Histologically, intratubular seminomas were found which confirmed the original diagnostic suspicions derived from the morphology of the lymph node metastases. It is concluded, therefore, that in the case of lymph node metastases with the above-mentioned structure, occult seminoma should always be taken into consideration. Because of the modern beneficial therapeutic implications, detection of occult seminoma is very important.
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PMID:Lymph node metastases with PAS-positive tumor cells and massive epithelioid granulomatous reaction as diagnostic clue to occult seminoma. 45 50

The results of treatment of 199 patients referred to the Royal Marsden Hospital with testiclar seminoma from 1963 to 1975 are described. Of 190 previously untreated patients 16 (8.4%) have died of seminoma, 3 (1.5%) of teratoma and 9 (4.9%) of intercurrent disease. Of 121 Stage I patients the only death was due to a second testicular tumour. In orchiectomy and volume of abdominal node metastases. This was not, however, prognostically significant. Death from seminoma occurred in 6 out of 38 patients (15.8%) with nodal metastases less than or equal to 5 cm in diameter and 3 out of 16 patients (18.7%) with metastases greater than 5 cm in diameter; 2 of 8 Stage III patients died of seminoma. Thus radiation controlled nodal metastases in more than 80% of Stage I, II and III patients. In Stage IV patients and patients referred with disease relapse, 12 out of 16 patients died of seminoma. Chemotherapy experience is briefly reviewed. Cyclophosphamide as a single agent has produced a 50% response rate. There is no evidence to suggest a radiation-related increase in mortality from the group of long-term tumour-free survivors.
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PMID:The pattern of spread and treatment of metastases in testicular seminoma. 46 75


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