Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunobiology of heterotransplanted human tumors was investigated following transplantation into nude mice of human bronchogenic, colon, rectal, ovarian, gastric, endometrial, vaginal, bladder, renal, esophageal, embryonic cell, pancreatic, and breast carcinoma, as well as fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant melanoma, astrocytoma, Wilm's tumor, endometrial hyperplasia, and hydatidiform mole. Several of these tumors were passaged up to 15 generations. During these passages no changes in latency period for tumor development or in histology were noted. There were significant differences between several tumors in the minimum number of cells required for successful transplantation; such differences were independent of the basic biologic aggressiveness of the individual tumors. Nude mice that received transplants of fibrosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma had increased serum IgM and numbers of spleen cells and complement receptor lymphocytes. No such changes were noted for mice that received transplants of malignant melanoma, In contrast, there were no apparent differences in the responses of nude mice, who were given transplants of human tumors, to be T-cell mitogens concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin or in the number of theta-bearing spleen cells. The success rate for transplantation was significantly improved when explants, rather than single-cell suspensions, were performed. Tumors transplanted to nude mice derived from strictly homozygous matings behaved like tumors transplanted to mice born of heterozygous mothers. Finally, despite the dramatic size of subcutaneous tumor nodules, there were no examples of invasion or distant metastases.
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PMID:Immunobiology of heterotransplanted human tumors in nude mice. 85 33

Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas is a well defined histopathological entity characterized by non-cohesive, sarcoma-like growth pattern, and bizarre mono- and multinucleated tumor giant cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Fifteen cases are identified in autopsy files of the Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, which represent 7.1% of all the non-endocrine pancreatic malignancies found at autopsy. Pleomorphic carcinoma is comparable to pancreatic adenocarcinoma in clinical features such as age, sex, and presenting symptoms except that it is more likely to occur in the body and tail of the pancreas, metastases invariably develop, hematogenous spread is more common, and the median survival is worse. Pleomorphic carcinoma could be distinguished from the pancreatic tumors that resemble giant cell tumor of the bone. Differential diagnostic features between it and amelanotic melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, fibroxanthosarcoma, poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma, and giant cell carcinomas of the lung and thyroid are discussed.
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PMID:Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas: an analysis of 15 cases. 87 Jan 68

Thirty-nine previously untreated children with rhabdomyosarcoma were managed by a coordinated program of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy during the years 1960 to 1973. The primary tumor was located in the head and neck (24), chest wall (1), abdomen (1), pelvis (10), and lower extremity (3). Radiation therapy consisted of tumor doses of 5000 to 6000 rads delivered in five to six weeks. Combination chemotherapy with actinomyctin-D, vincristine and cyclophosphamide was used after 1968. Seventeen of 25 cases (68%) treated after 1968 are alive two to five years following treatment. Only four of 14 cases (29%) who received less radical therapy before 1968 are alive. A relatively high incidence of local failure (23%) was noted in spite of adequate doses of radiotherapy. None of the four cases with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis survived. Major complications were mainly noted in patients with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. Correlation of absolute survival with dose of irradiation, primary site, extent of disease and histologic subtypes of the tumor are discussed.
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PMID:Combined treatment modalities of rhabdomyosarcoma in children. 87 41

A group of 79 patients with soft tissue sarcomas and 46 with primary malignant bone tumors underwent lymphangiography as part of the initial diagnostic workup. In the group of soft tissue sarcomas, the overall incidence of metastases was 22 of 79 (28%). According to the site of origin, the highest incidence was found in tumors originating from the buttocks (57%), followed by those from the inferior limbs (31%). Considering the histology, the incidence ranges from 50% in anaplastic sarcoma, to 43% in rhabdomyosarcoma, to 23% for liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma. The incidence of lymphographically proven metastases in bone tumors was 8 to 46 (17%), with 1 out of 4 in reticulum cell sarcoma, 1/1 in chordoma, and 22% in Ewing's sarcoma. A radiographic/histologic correlation on the lymph nodes was obtained in 19/79 (24%) soft tissue sarcomas and in 4/46 (9%) bone tumors. In the 12 radiographically negative and 11 radiographically positive cases, this correlation was always correct. The results of this study suggest a larger use of lymphography in these tumors.
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PMID:Lymphographic evaluation in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. 89 95

A case of desseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an 18-year-old male with leuco-erythroblastic anaemia is described. Numerous bizarre malignant cells, including frequent multinucleated giant cells, were seen in bone marrow aspirates, and osteolytic lesions appeared late in the clinical course. The primary site of the neoplasm remained undertermined during life and also at necropsy, which revealed minute pulmonary metastases and extensive lymph nodal, pleural and skeletal deposits. The diagnosis was confirmed on necropsy tissue by ultrastructural examination which demonstrated numerous thin (5 nm) and thick (15 nm) intracytoplasmic filaments in tumour cells, sometimes organized in bundles; scattered dense Z-band-like bodies, and rod-shaped structures were also seen. The fine structure of the rhabdomyosarcoma in the present case is compared with previous ultrastructural studies. Elongated, thick intracytoplasmic filaments whose diameter corresponds to that of myosin myofilaments are strong evidence for rhabdomyoblastic differentiation and are considered to be the sine qua non of a positive electron microscopic diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Orgaized bundles of filaments and Z-band-like dense bodies are usually present, and rod-shaped structures are found infrequently, but none of these are necessary for the ultrastructural diagnosis.
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PMID:Bone marrow metastases in disseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: case report with ultrastructural study and review. 101 51

Contemporary clinical research is actively engaged at the conquest of residual neoplastic disease. The preliminary results of combined treatment modalities for osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, malignant melanoma and Hodgkin's disease have shown a significant decrease in the incidence of distant metastases. In some neoplasias the decreased relapse rate was associated to improved survival. Since the problem of long-term carcinogenesis does exist, the use of prolonged adjuvant chemotherapy, at present moment, is best limited to patients at high risk of early relapse when treated only with local or local-regional modalities.
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PMID:Treatment of residual neoplastic disease in solid tumours. 106 17

A 55-years old patient is reported who became ill with recurrent attacks of coughing and haemoptysis some 3 weeks before death. An extensive mediastinal tumor was demonstrated radiologically. Pathoanatomical examination showed a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the lower left pulmonary lobe with metastases in the right lung and regional lymph nodes.
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PMID:[Pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma (author's transl)]. 108 60

203 cancers of the eyelid were operated on in 193 patients. 65% of the tumours occurred in males and the peak incidence was at 75 years. 60% afflicted the lower eyelids and 21% the medial canthi. Basal cell carcinoma were found in 182 specimens and spinocellular carcinoma in only 8. Malignant melanoma, Meibomian gland carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma appeared each in one patient, the latter representing the only fatal case in eyelid cancer. All cancers were excised with a free margin around 5 mm. The standard procedures of reconstruction of the eyelid defect were a fullthickness skin graft in cases where conjunctiva and tarsus could be preserved (97 cases), and a tarsoconjunctival flap in full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid (58 cases). Other methods used were wedge excision and direct approximation in very small lesions involving the lid margin, an infratarsal island flap from the lower eyelid for medium-sized to large defects in the upper lid and a forehead or scalp flap after exenteration of the orbit. 18/203 cancers recurred and 12 of these were primarily regarded as radically treated. Seven of the latter were reoperated after more than 3 years and may in fact be new tumours. No metastases were found. The various reconstructive procedures are discussed in detail
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PMID:Surgical treatment of eyelid cancer with special reference to tarsoconjunctival flaps. A follow-up on 193 patients. 110 77

Soft tissue sarcomas are the fourth most frequent solid tumors in children. They arise at many sites, most frequently in the orbit, head and neck, and pelvis. Diagnostic radiologic studies play an integral role in patient evaluation, allowing direct visualization of the primary lesion, its vascular supply, its direct and regional extensions; of distant metastases; and of anomalies. They aid in staging and selecting treatment, and later, in evaluating results. Radiation therapy is a vital tool in today's multidisciplinary approach. Irradiation has produced a 90% recurrence-free rate, and a 67% cure rate, for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. A similar improvement in local tumor control rates may apply at other primary sites when an adequate dose is delivered to the affected volume. Multidrug chemotherapy programs provide hope for an increased cure rate. Sufficient time has not yet elapsed to judge fully the late anatomical and physiological costs of these more vigorous multidisciplinary treatments.
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PMID:The role of diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy in the management of soft tissue sarcomas in children. 111 54

This report details the clinical experience of 150 patients with rhabdomyosarcomas treated by one group of surgeons. Of the 150 patients, 103 suffered from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, 40 patients had embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and 7 had alveolar cell type of rhabdomyosarcoma. The males suffered almost twice as much as the females from this form of cancer (96 males to 54 females). The fifth decade had the highest incidence of all rhabdomyosarcomas. The younger patients generally suffered from embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and the older ones from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, although age was no barrier to the occurrence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas in some of the older patients and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas in some of the younger patients. Caucasians were almost exclusively afflicted by this form of cancer (93% of this series). The lower extremity was the most frequent site of the lesion, occurring in 50.7% of the 150 cases. The upper extremity was the second most frequently involved site (28%), and the trunk was the least involved site (21.3%). Of the 150 patients studied, 40 were considered indeterminate. Thirteen patients are alive and free of cancer, but were treated less than 5 years ago; 12 patients reported for consultation only. There were 13 who were free of sarcomas at periods in excess of 2 years but were lost to follow-up. Two patients in this series died before the 5-year period, and autopsy revealed the death to be due to causes other than the rhabdomyosarcoma. Of the 110 determinate patients, 75 (68%) died as a result of the cancer. The 5-year survival rate equals 32%. The fact of the 30% 5-year survival after treatment for recurrences should help dismiss the pessimism which prevails once a recurrence is noted subsequent to major therapy. Age per se had no great effect on prognosis. The poorest results occurred in the 11-20 age range, with a 5-year survival of 15%. This value reflects on increased incidence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas which tend to be more malignant and metastasize earlier than do the pleomorphic type. The effect of location upon survival revealed that of 76 patients with involvement of the lower extremity, 34% survived 5 years or longer, and those with sarcomas of the trunk had the poorest survival (26%). The fact that the trunk, by virtue of its anatomy, limits the degree of surgery that can be perfomred, probably helps to explain this difference. The role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy awaits elucidation. Reports of combined surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are encouraging.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremities and trunk: analysis of 150 patients treated by surgical resection. 117 61


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