Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Distant metastases were documented in 83 of 161 children with rhabdomyosarcoma seen between 1953 and 1974. Of these, 31 had metastases at diagnosis (Group IV) and 7 were noted to have metastases only at autopsy. Only 6 are living with no evidence of disease activity at 6, 20, 77, 85, 105, and 112 months from time of metastasis. One child is living with disease at 98 months. Late deaths occurred in 2 at 31 and 41 months after metastasis. Sixty-four of the 66 deaths occurred within 24 months. The median durations of life after metastasis were less than 9 months in Groups I and II patients, less than 6 months in Group III patients, and about 12 months in 31 Group IV patients. The median time to metastasis in Groups I, II, and III patients was 9 months.
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PMID:Prognosis in children with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. 61 11

Rhabdomyosarcoma usually presents as a soft tissue mass, which may invade adjacent bone. However, the patient presents occasionally with bony metastases. Recognition of these is important for staging and management. Fifty-eight cases have been reviewed; 14 of these had local bone invasion by the soft tissue tumour. All bones involvel were flat bones; 12 showed permeated bone destruction and two showed geographic destruction. Bone expansion was seen in half the involved bones. Twelve of the 58 cases showed secondary bone deposits, which were the presenting feature in five. Although 10 cases had permeated bone destruction, two were very well defined with a wide range of radiological appearances. The radiological differential diagnosis includes neuroblastoma, leukaemic infiltration, lymphoma, histiocytosis X, solitary and multifocal osteosarcoma and other deposits.
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PMID:The radiology of bone changes in rhabdomyosarcoma. 62 1

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumour of mesenchyme-like tissue in which differentiation of rhabdomyoblasts has occurred. It is found mainly in infants and children. The prognosis, until recent years very grave, has been improved by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy occasionally with surgery. Survival depends on the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Diagnostic radiology has an important role to play in the demonstration of this, illustrations of which are given from a series of seven cases. The primary tumour has no pathognomonic appearances and is demonstrated essentially as a soft tissue mass lesion which displaces adjacent soft tissue structures such as arteries, veins, bladder and colon, or erodes adjacent bones whether in the extremities or the skull. The main role of diagnostic radiology is the detection of metastases. Chest radiography and skeletal survey are mandatory. Lymphangiography may reveal filling defects in regional lymph nodes but these are indistinguishable from any other metastases. Arteriography as well as revealing displacement of larger vessels, may show typical tumour neovascularity in the lesion. Serial skeletal radiographs are of help in assessing response of metastases to therapy.
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PMID:The role of diagnostic radiology in the diagnosis and management of rhabdomyosarcoma in young persons. 62 2

A patient with abdominal liposarcoma is described, and the treatment of this in children extremely uncommon tumor is discussed. After complete surgical excision, local irradion with 5000-6000 rad should be considered only if no vital organs are irradiated. Because of the high tendency for local recurrence and for distant metastases of this tumor a primary polychemotherapy beginning immediately after surgical excision is proposed as in cases of other solid tumors in children for instance rhabdomyosarcoma or fibrosarcoma. 18 months after the surgical excision and after the beginning of polychemotherapy our patient is clinically well without demonstrable tumor growth.
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PMID:[Treatment of abdominal liposarcoma in children (author's transl)]. 65 96

Rhabdomyosarcomas induced by single intramuscular injections of nickel sulphide (Ni3S2) in Fischer and Hooded rats were cultured in vivo and in vitro to study their growth characteristics and chromosomal constitution. The tumor cell suspensions cultured in vitro exhibited more myogenic differentiation on the coverslips than those cells grown in vivo in diffusion chambers. A characteristic feature of in vivo cultures was the appearance of microclusters which resembled the primary tumors. Chromosome analyses of primary tumors revealed that a majority of these had a modal number in the diploid or near diploid range. Fischer rat primary tumor cells exhibited abnormal configurations including rings, dicentrics and triradials. A comparison of the chromosome make-up of the primary tumors and their metastases was performed on four sets of tumors. Three out of four metastases examined showed the diploid chromosome make-up characteristic of the primary tumors suggesting that the tumors with the diploid or near diploid chromosome constitution are more likely to produce metastases.
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PMID:Growth and cytogenetic characteristics of nickel sulphide-induced rhabdomyosarcomas in rats. 68 91

The association of consumptive coagulopathy and malignancy is thought to be rare in pediatrics. In one patient with Ewing's sarcoma and in two with rhabdomyosarcoma consumptive coagulopathy developed in the presence of either diffuse metastatic disease or an extensive primary tumor. The coagulopathy was a major clinical problem, developing within five days of the onset of chemotherapy. Resolution coincided with the clinical response of the tumor.
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PMID:Consumptive coagulopathy. A complication of therapy of solid tumors in childhood. 68 3

Rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck may spread by diffuse local invasion, resulting in erosion of the base of the skull with possible extension to the leptomeninges, brain, and cranial nerves, as well as invasion of the ventricular system with possible intradural, extramedullary metastases anywhere along the neuraxis. Meningeal spread of tumor is difficult to eradicate, and nearly all patients reviewed died soon after meningeal disease was evident. Patients with erosion of the base of the skull or abnormal cranial nerve findings seem to have a risk of seeding the meninges with tumor. The clinical evolution of this pattern of metastatic spread is reviewed, diagnostic studies are recommended, and therapeutic considerations are discussed. Tentative treatment guidelines are also offered.
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PMID:Meningeal seeding from rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck with base of the skull invasion: recognition of the clinical evolution and suggestions for management. 74 82

Employing the Siemens Scintimat II, a skeletal scintigraphy was successfully appled in the early detection, localisation and delineation of bone metastases to the knee from rhabdomyosarcoma of the right pectoral region. However repeated radiographs of the knee continued to be negative. As all other treatment approach of the painful knee: physiotherapy (short wave diathermy) had failed to produce relief, radiotherapy was applied as a last resort; the swelling regressed and the pain disappeared. This was indicative of the positive detection of early rhabdomyosarcoma metastases to be bones as a positive scan is seen in all areas of bone accretion whether malignancy is present or not.
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PMID:Tc 99m bone scanning in early detection of rhabdomyosarcoma metastases. A case report. 75 62

Clinico-pathologic reviews of series of children with rhabdomyosarcoma have yielded conflicting information regarding frequency of lymphatic spread of this disease. The 264 eligible entries in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (from November 1972 to September 1975) have been categorized by a prospective staging system and pre-treatment characteristics and pathologic findings reviewed. Data accumulated thus far have revealed a higher than expected incidence of lymphatic metastases from extremity (17%) and genito-urinary sites (19%) with a somewhat lower incidence from the orbit (0%), the head and neck region (3%), and trunk (10%). These differences in regard to lymphatic metastases were found to have no relationship to age, sex, tumor size, or histologic type when these factors were simultaneously examined.
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PMID:Lymphatic metastasis with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. 83 39

From May, 1970 through December, 1972, Children's Cancer Study Group entered 112 patients on an amended treatment program for rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in children. These patients had Group II disease with residual tumor remaining after surgery, or metastatic disease at onset. Another group consisted of patients who previously had treatment with surgery and radiotherapy and had recurrent disease. Cyclophosphamide was added to a previously used drug regimen which consisted of actinomycin D and vincristine. The drugs were given sequentially in repeated cycles for 18 months. Of 97 evaluable patients, there were 24 with microscopic residual disease, 37 with gross residual disease, 22 with metastatic disease at onset, and 14 patients who were treated with chemotherapy for the first time with recurrent or metastatic disease. All patients have been followed for 3 or more years. Survival in each group was 70.8%, 43.2%, 27.2%, and 28.2%, respectively. Although the number of complete remissions was greater than with two-drug therapy, survival with three-drug therapy was not significantly different than that seen in the earlier study.
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PMID:Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 84 Jan 61


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