Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fourteen cases of multifocal squamous cell cancer of the skin are analyzed clinicomorphologically. Such form of skin cancer arises typically on the limbs following long-standing lesions: trophic ulcer, osteomyelitis, psoriasis, lupus. The tumors are both synchronous and metachronous. The prognosis is often unfavorable due to late diagnosis. Multiplicity of the lesions could be attributed to lymphogenic or hematogenic subcutaneous metastases in generalization of the malignant process.
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PMID:[Multiple-primary cancer of the skin]. 177 25

Because of its widespread distribution within the nervous system and the gastro-enteropancreatic (GEP) system and its diverse physiological inhibitory actions on various gastrointestinal functions, including endocrine and exocrine secretion, motility, liver and splanchnic blood flow and absorption, native somatostatin has been viewed as a possible therapy for many diseases. However, its short duration of action and consequent limited clinical usefulness have been overcome with the availability of Sandostatin, a long-acting, synthetic octapeptide analogue of the naturally occurring hormone. Sandostatin represents a significant advance in the treatment of GH and TSH secreting pituitary tumours and GEP endocrine tumours (carcinoid tumour, VIPoma, glucagonoma, insulinoma, and gastrinoma). Preclinical in vitro and animal studies have shown the antineoplastic activity of the compound. Moreover, because of a possible direct effect on somatostatin receptor-positive endocrine tumour cells and indirect effect whereby Sandostatin lowers GH, IGF-1 and numerous gastrointestinal peptides, Sandostatin may prove useful as an adjunctive therapy in cancer patients. In vivo labelling of somatostatin receptor-positive tumours with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues now allows localisation of such tumours and their metastases. Moreover, targeted irradiation of these tumours by beta particle emitting isotopes attached to such somatostatin analogues may become possible. The use of Sandostatin in acute oesophageal variceal bleeding, pancreatic pseudocysts, gastrointestinal and pancreatic external fistulae, short bowel syndrome, dumping syndrome and AIDS-related refractory hypersecretory diarrhea has provided encouraging results. Preliminary reports indicate efficacy of Sandostatin in psoriasis, autonomic neuropathy (postprandial and orthostatic hypotension) and its ability to reduce height velocity in tall adolescents. The ultimate role of Sandostatin as a therapeutic agent in these disorders is being explored in prospective clinical trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Future medical prospects for Sandostatin. 198 Jul 78

Immunotherapy with interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells can result in regression of metastatic cancer. Dermatologic complications associated with this therapy include erythema, pruritus, and a mild desquamation. Three patients with a history of psoriasis received high-dose interleukin 2 alone or in conjunction with lymphokine-activated killer cells for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Two patients developed an erythrodermic exacerbation during therapy while the third patient experienced a localized flare. Topical treatment was effective in inducing remission in all three patients. Histologic analysis of serial skin biopsy specimens revealed psoriasiform changes in involved skin as well as epidermal spongiosis and a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate. The psoriatic exacerbation from interleukin 2 did not affect antitumor response to the therapy and should not be considered a contraindication to treatment.
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PMID:Interleukin 2 and psoriasis. 326 40

PDT has been shown to be of value in inoperable basal and squamous skin cancers and in cutaneous metastases. Azone, a new investigative vehicle for HpD, is of value more for intralesional injections than for topical applications in tumors, except perhaps for superficial mucous membrane lesions. The more flexible gold head vapor is of definite value in the PDT program. For test models for PDT studies in dermatology and plastic surgery with HpD and other fluorochromes, single thickened resistant plaques of psoriasis and the common baso squamous acanthoma (seborrheic warty growth) have been used. In all these studies, adequate controls are necessary.
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PMID:Preliminary investigative studies with PDT in dermatologic and plastic surgery. 406 77

A simple procedure is described for the detection of sialic acid in serum. After a direct addition of Ehrlich reagent to serum and an incubation at 56 degrees C for eight hours, the resulting mixture is diluted with saline. After centrifugation, the color in the supernatant is determined at 525 nm in a spectrophotometer. Serum sialic acid was significantly greater in cancer patients than in normals. Cancer patients with metastases had significantly greater sialic acid than cancer patients without metastases. In two cancer patients, sialic acid levels returned to normal after surgery. The diagnostic usefulness of 95.6% was similar to that reported with lipid-soluble sialic acid and seemed to be superior to CEA and other tumor antigens associated with a limited spectrum of tumors. However, patients with inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis also showed elevated sialic acid levels. Ultrafiltration showed that almost all of the sialic acid was retained on an Amicon filter, which suggests that sialic acid was bound to a macromolecule. A quality control serum run 25 times had a coefficient of variation (CV) of 8.4% and the same serum ran on 42 days had a CV of 11.6%.
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PMID:Serum sialic acid in normals and in cancer patients. 651 95

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) regulate gene expression either by directly binding to the RAR-responsive elements or by antagonizing the action of c-Jun/c-Fos (AP1). AP1 is involved in the expression of metalloproteases, cytokines and other factors which play critical roles in the turnover of extracellular matrix, inflammation and hyperproliferation in diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and in tumor metastases. We demonstrate here that synthetic retinoids inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-14-acetate-induced transcription from the stromelysin AP1 motif through RAR alpha, -beta, and -gamma. Interestingly, these diaryl acetylenic retinoids, which are potent agonists only for RAR beta and RAR gamma, but not for RAR alpha, in transactivation assays, are able to inhibit AP1-dependent gene expression through RAR alpha. Thus these analogs can differentially affect the transactivation and AP1 antagonistic functions of RAR alpha. These results demonstrate that the transactivation and AP1 antagonistic functions are separable, and it should be possible to develop retinoids that are completely specific for AP1 antagonism through all RARs. Furthermore, using an RAR-selective ligand, we also demonstrate the separation of ligand binding and AP1 antagonism functions of RARs.
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PMID:Separation of transactivation and AP1 antagonism functions of retinoic acid receptor alpha. 782 31

Recently, we have described a monoclonal antibody, named MS-1, which identifies a novel high-molecular-weight protein expressed by noncontinuous, sinusoidal endothelia and by interstitial dendritic cells in certain normal human organs (S Goerdt, LJ Walsh, GF Murphy, JS Pober, J Cell Biol 1991, 113:1425-1437; and LJ Walsh, S Goerdt, JS Pober, H Sueki, GF Murphy, Lab Invest 1991, 65: 732-741). In this report, we demonstrate in studying a variety of skin lesions that MS-1 antigen can also be expressed by endothelia of continuous origin under certain pathological conditions. Among the skin lesions tested, MS-1 antigen expression by endothelial cells of continuous origin is frequently observed in wound healing tissue, in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, in psoriasis, and in melanoma metastasis, ie, in 100%, 80%, 71%, and 71% of cases, respectively. In contrast, endothelial MS-1 antigen expression rarely occurred in other skin lesions, including vascular tumors, six of which were Kaposi's sarcomas (13% and 0% of cases with vascular MS-1 expression, respectively). The percentage of cases with MS-1+ vessels is only marginally different in malignant versus benign lesions (55% versus 31%); when melanocytic nevi, primary melanomas, and melanoma metastases are compared, however, an increase in the percentage of cases with MS-1+ vessels is seen (31%, 50%, and 71%, respectively). Apart from wound healing, the relative number of MS-1+ vessels in a given lesion amounts to less than 5% compared with the number of continuous type vessels stained by monoclonal antibody 1F10 (S Goerdt, F Steckel, K Schulze-Osthoff, H-H Hagemeier, E Macher, C Sorg, Exp Cell Biol 1989, 57: 185-192). In addition, the occurrence of MS-1+ vessels is not related to the overall vascularity of a given lesion. Thus, the conditions for MS-1 antigen expression by endothelia of continuous origin cannot as yet be exactly defined. Furthermore, we have noticed that the number of MS-1+ dendritic cells varies considerably in skin lesions; in the early patch lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma and in juvenile xanthogranuloma MS-1+ cells even constitute the major cell type. This prompted us to investigate MS-1 antigen expression and its regulation in cultured human monocytes/macrophages. Expression of MS-1 antigen by these cells regularly starts at day 3 of culture and reaches its maximal value at day 9, after which it declines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Inducible expression of MS-1 high-molecular-weight protein by endothelial cells of continuous origin and by dendritic cells/macrophages in vivo and in vitro. 849 45

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a multifunctional cytokine which potently stimulates angiogenesis in vivo. VEGF/VPF expression is elevated in pathological conditions including cancer, proliferative retinopathy, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. The angiogenesis associated with human tumors is likely a central component in promoting tumor growth and metastatic potential. The regulation of VEGF/VPF expression during tumor progression may involve diverse mechanisms including activated oncogenes, mutant or deleted tumor suppressor genes, cytokine activation, hormonal modulators, and a particularly effective activator, hypoxia. Understanding the diverse mechanisms by which tumor cells overexpress VEGF/VPF, and which mechanisms are operating in specific tumor types is important for the design of effective anti-cancer therapies.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1996 Jun
PMID:Regulation of VEGF/VPF expression in tumor cells: consequences for tumor growth and metastasis. 884 88

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) belongs to the group of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are linear polysaccharides, located in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface. To study the structure and distribution of CS in human skin and skin disorders, we have selected antibodies using phage display technique against CS. Four unique human anti-CS single-chain antibodies were selected: IO3D9, IO3H10, IO3H12, and IO4C2. We determined their amino acid sequence and evaluated their CS reactivity using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Antibodies were reactive with CS, but not with other GAGs except for IO4C2, which was also reactive with heparin. Antibody IO3D9 showed a strong reactivity with highly sulfated CS (CSE). All antibodies displayed a different staining pattern in rat kidney, indicating the recognition of unique CS epitopes. In normal skin, the papillary dermis but not the reticular dermis was strongly stained. Antibody IO3H12 also stained basal keratinocytes. We applied these antibodies to study CS expression and localization in melanoma and psoriasis. A strong immunoreactivity with the extracellular matrix of melanoma metastases could be observed for all four antibodies, while in atypical nevi a less extensive reactivity with only the papillary dermis was observed. In psoriatic lesions, CS could be observed in the papillary dermis and in the reticular dermis, whereas the specific location in the papillary dermis found in normal skin was completely lost. In conclusion, human phage-display-derived anti-CS antibodies have been selected, characterized, and applied to detect CS alterations in skin conditions. Altered CS composition was detected in melanoma and psoriasis.
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PMID:Human single-chain antibodies reactive with native chondroitin sulfate detect chondroitin sulfate alterations in melanoma and psoriasis. 1508 57

Psoriasin (S100A7) is a member of the S100 gene family that is involved in psoriasis, which can be induced in cultured squamous epithelial cells. Previously, this molecule has been shown to be over-expressed in human ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancers. This current study examine the levels of expression of this molecule in a group of human breast tumours, with particular emphasis on the relationship with the clinical outcomes using quantitative PCR and the distribution in tumours using immunohistochemistry. Psoriasin is primarily expressed in breast cancer cells, and at very low level in normal breast epithelial cells. Quantitative analysis of psoriasin mRNA has shown that breast tumour tissues exhibited a significantly high level of psoriasin compared with normal tissues (p=0.0026). The levels do not correlate with nodal status of breast tumours, however levels in grade 2 and grade 3 tumours were significantly higher compared with that in grade 1 tumours (p=0.07 and p=0.0015, vs grade 1 respectively). Lobular carcinoma also had higher levels of psoriasin compared with ductal tumours. The most interesting observation is that levels of psoriasin were significantly higher in patients who developed metastatic disease and in patients who died of breast cancer (p=0.02 and p<0.001, vs disease-free, respectively). It is concluded that aberrant expression of psoriasin is commonly seen in human breast cancer and that excessively high levels are correlated with the clinical outcomes.
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PMID:Psoriasin is aberrantly expressed in human breast cancer and is related to clinical outcomes. 1520 92


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