Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Variations in the number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (AgNORs) were studied in paraffin sections of 42 benign prostatic lesions, comprising four cases of granulomatous prostatitis, five of squamous or transitional metaplasia, eight of atypical and 25 of regular hyperplasia, and 37 of prostatic adenocarcinoma, with their metastases. There was a significant difference between the mean AgNOR counts of the benign and malignant prostatic lesions (1.58 +/- 0.26 v. 4.34 +/- 1.53; P less than 0.01). The mean AgNOR counts significantly increased with increasing Gleason's grade (P less than 0.01) and clinical stage (P less than 0.05) of the tumours. AgNOR counting may contribute to the conventional diagnostic and prognostic indices of cancer of the prostate.
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PMID:Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions in prostatic lesions. 163 11

The specific red cell adherence test (SRCA) for blood group antigens has been shown to have some bearing on the invasive potential of bladder tumours. Hitherto there have been few data published from patients with prostatic disease. The results of SRCA testing in 69 such patients are presented. Each of the 30 cases of adenocarcinoma was antigen negative. However, as 18 of 39 patients with only benign hyperplasia were also antigen negative, the test clearly does not reflect extant tumour and is probably not an indicator of subsequent growth of prostatic cancer. Antigen expression was also negative in sections showing prostatitis. As the test was invariably negative in patients with adenocarcinoma, whether or not metastases were present and whatever the degree of differentiation of the primary tumour, it lacks the power to discriminate invasive potential.
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PMID:Specific red cell adherence test in benign and malignant lesions of the prostate. 619 65

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate was accomplished in 10 patients who subsequently had surgical exploration for histologic confirmation and tumor staging. Eight patients were found to have carcinoma of the prostate. Two patients had malignancies of the urinary bladder and were treated with radical resection of the bladder and prostate. The prostatic glands in the latter two patients were free of tumor. One gland was entirely normal; the other had extensive acute and chronic prostatitis. Two resected prostates with carcinoma and one normal prostate were available for in vitro MRI in a clinical magnetic resonance unit. The MRI finding of prostatic carcinoma was heterogeneous signal patterns, seen best on T2-weighted studies. A similar pattern was identified in the gland with acute and chronic prostatitis. There was a homogeneous MRI signal pattern of the normal prostate gland examined in vitro. In two instances, the MRI studies were accurate for the identification of tumor spread to the seminal vesicles, not diagnosed at the time of surgical resection. Microscopic metastatic disease of the lymph nodes in four patients was not identified by MRI.
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PMID:Clinical and in vitro magnetic resonance imaging of prostatic carcinoma. 633 96

The clinical application of an enzyme-immunoassay for the determination of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase is reported. By this method 615 plasma probes of patients with prostata adenoma, prostatitis, prostatic cancer and other urological cancer were investigated. Whereas the enzyme-immunoassay showed good correlation with the follow-up of prostatic cancer especially when metastases grow on, the test is not yet sensitive enough to find out early prostatic cancer with reliable accuracy.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and follow-up of prostatic cancer using an enzyme immunoassay for prostate-specific acid phosphatase]. 702 10

Prostate-specific antigen is the most important, accurate, and clinically useful biochemical marker in the prostate. It is manufactured by the secretory epithelial cells and drains into the ductal system, where it catalyzes the liquefaction of the seminal coagulum after ejaculation. Serum levels are normally less than 4 ng/mL (monoclonal) but vary according to patient age and race; any process that disrupts the normal architecture of the prostate allows diffusion of prostate-specific antigen into the stroma and microvasculature. Elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels are seen with prostatitis, infarcts, hyperplasia, and transiently after biopsy, but the most clinically important increases are seen with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer produces less prostate-specific antigen per cell than benign epithelium, but the greater number of malignant cells and the stromal disruption associated with cancer account for the increased serum prostate-specific antigen level. Serum prostate-specific antigen level correlates positively with clinical stage, tumor volume, histologic grade, and the presence of capsular perforation and seminal vesicle invasion; despite these strong correlations, its value is limited in predicting stage for individual patients. It may also predict the presence of lymph node metastases, bone metastases, and survival after androgen-deprivation therapy. The use of prostate-specific antigen has resulted in an increase in the early detection rate of cancer, and it is now advocated for annual routine use in men older than 40 years who are at increased risk and in all men older than 50 years. It is a test with high sensitivity and specificity that is rapid, inexpensive, minimally invasive, and acceptable to patients. In addition to serum prostate-specific antigen level, five derivatives of serum prostate-specific antigen were recently described that may increase the predictive value by accounting for confounding variables such as patient age, prostate volume, and cancer volume: age-specific reference ranges, prostate-specific antigen density, prostate-specific antigen velocity, prostate-specific antigen cancer density, and prostate-specific antigen doubling times. Serum prostate-specific antigen detects a heterogeneous group of cancers (clinical stage T1c) that are clinically important and potentially curable. Immunohistochemical expression of prostate-specific antigen in tissue sections allows determination of the prostatic origin of some metastatic adenocarcinomas, although extraprostatic expression of prostate-specific antigen has been reported in several tissues and tumors, including periurethral gland adenocarcinoma in women, rectal carcinoid, and extramammary Paget disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen. Current role in diagnostic pathology of prostate cancer. 752 5

Due to higher male life expectancy coupled with increasing demand for insurance amongst older men, diseases of the prostate are becoming more significant in life insurance medicine. Suitable diagnostic procedures differentiate to a large extent between carcinoma of the prostate gland and prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis. Acute as well as chronic prostatitis can be cured and, in general, has no effect on life expectancy. Depending on the staging classification, benign prostatic hyperplasia can be treated conservatively by medication, by alternative heat treatment or surgical resection of the prostate. Advantages and incidence of complications of the different therapeutic methods are being described. The perioperative mortality risk as well as secondary renal complications need to be considered from an insurance medical point of view and may require a mortality loading. Only stages T1 and T2 prostatic carcinoma can be cured by surgery. New discoveries of the morphologic structure of the prostate gland and more sophisticated surgical methods in radical prostatectomy have reduced mortality. The incidence of post surgical complications has also decreased, when the life expectancy of the patient exceeds ten years. This results in a more favourable insurance medical assessment than that of several years ago. Stages T3 and T4 prostatic carcinoma normally require palliative treatment. On the basis of the latest research, "watchful waiting" is gaining importance as against therapeutic concepts at the time of diagnosis. Besides the tumour staging, the presence of lymph node metastases or distant metastases are relevant from an insurance medical point of view.
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PMID:[Benign and malignant diseases of the prostate]. 752 55

Clinical, laboratory, ultrasonic, X-ray, and endoscopic methods were used to specify the cause of macrohematuria from the urinary tract at all levels. Seventy-two patients with macrohematuria were examined; in 37 the process was localizes in the urinary tract (pelvic tumors in 2, calculi in 14, bladder tumors in 9, hemorrhagic cystitis in 2, cystic diverticuli in 3, tuberculosis in 1, prostatic adenoma in 2, prostatic cancer in 4, cases). An ultrasonic examination, though a valuable method, failed to detect papillary tumors of the pelvis when used alone. Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonic examinations are sufficient to diagnose calculi, diverticuli, or cancer of the bladder, and the advantages of computer-aided tomography over ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma are doubtful. Examination of the prostate by transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonic methods helps to assess its true size and shape, detect changes in these parameters both in prostatitis and in tumors, including metastases of the tumor into adjacent organs and tissues. The problem of recognizing metastases of cancer of the bladder and prostate, when computer-aided tomography and magnetic imaging are of no avail for today, is still to be solved.
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PMID:[Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of etiology of macrohematuria from urinary tract]. 778 97

Diagnostic examination of 134 patients with recognized or suspected prostatic lesion comprised: urodynamic tests, excretory urography (EU), transrectal ultrasonography (TU), CT and NMR tomography. EU, TU, CT and NMR were employed in 54 (40%), 123 (92%), 32 (24%) and 114 (85%) patients, respectively. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) stage I and II was diagnosed in 40 (71%) and 16 (28%) examinees, respectively. Prostatic cancer was revealed in 22 (16%) examinees. T2, T3, T4 were staged in 10, 5 and 7 patients, respectively. 32 (24%) patients had chronic prostatitis which was also diagnosed in 12 (21%) BPH patients. It is stated that NMR tomography is not inferior to TU in detecting prostatic lesions having the advantages of ultrasonography and CT. NMR tomography is moderately specific (46%) for prostatic cancer, highly sensitive in identification of BPH and prostatic cancer (83 and 89%, respectively). Of special importance is the capacity of NMR-tomography to visualize involvement of the adjacent organs and regional metastases. This facilitates the disease staging, choice of individual therapeutic policy and subsequent dynamic control.
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PMID:[The use of low-field magnetic resonance tomography in the combined radiodiagnosis of prostatic diseases]. 905 3

We analyzed complexed and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the free/total PSA and complexed/free PSA ratios, acid phosphatase, and prostatic phosphatase in serum from 36 patients with prostatic carcinoma and from 48 non-neoplastic control patients (20 with prostatitis and 28 with benign prostatic hyperplasia). Receiver-operating characteristic plots showed that serum PSA was the most efficient variable, singly used, in discriminating neoplastic from non-neoplastic patients. At a cut-off value of 10.0 ng/ml, serum PSA had a diagnostic sensitivity of 87% and a diagnostic specificity of 83%. In particular, three patients with prostatic carcinoma and twenty non-neoplastic controls had serum PSA levels of between 4 and 10 ng/ml. The subsequent analysis of the serum free/total PSA ratio, in this subgroup, using a cut-off level of 15%, allowed us to classify correctly all prostatic cancer cases and 18/20 non-neoplastic diseases. We next analyzed PSA mRNA in circulating cells using an improved reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction dot blot procedure, from six patients with prostatic carcinoma with distant metastases, and in seventeen with localized cancer. The analysis had a high sensitivity (up to dilutions 1:10(6) of total RNA from prostatic cancer cells vs total RNA from normal blood cells). The analysis revealed circulating micrometastatic cells in 3/6 (50%) cases of metastatic cancer and in 4/17 cases of localized cancer. To conclude, serum total PSA combined with the free/total PSA ratio is a very efficient algorithm in discriminating neoplastic from non-neoplastic prostatic diseases, while other mRNA species must be analyzed, in addition to PSA mRNA, in circulating cells to increase the efficiency in detecting metastatic prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen (protein and mRNA) analysis in the differential diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. 935 30

We present a white male patient with an initial prostate-specific antigen level of 69 ng/ml, referred for urological evaluation. He was found to be free of prostatitis but diagnosed for prostate adenocarcinoma without any indications of metastatic disease. Lymphadenectomy then revealed lymphadenopathy of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Five-year follow-up after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) showed no evidence of metastatic or local prostate cancer recurrence. In addition, no radiation or chemotherapy was required for his lymphoma. Although RRP is a viable option in this unique case, the outcome thus far suggests that it should be considered a primary therapeutic modality.
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PMID:Five-year prognosis after radical prostatectomy in a patient with localized prostate cancer and incidental non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1122 53


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