Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred eight-five patients with potentially operable lung cancer were prospectively evaluated by computed tomographic scanning of the mediastinum and upper part of the abdomen. Mediastinal lymph node size was correlated with operative and pathologic findings. There was close agreement between computed tomographic estimate of size and operative measurements. Mediastinal lymph nodes that were larger than 2.0 cm were positive for tumor in 69.6%, nodes between 1.1 and 1.9 cm contained metastases in 31.8%, and nodes less than 1.0 cm were positive in only 2.7%. The cell type, T status, and location of the primary tumor did not influence these findings: A node less than 1.0 cm with a T3 lesion had the same probability of being abnormal as with a T1 lesion, although predictably, those patients with T3 and central tumors had a greater likelihood of having nodes larger than 2.0 cm. The presence of pneumonitis did not increase the prevalence of enlarged, histologically normal nodes. Asymptomatic adrenal metastases were present in 3.2% of patients with otherwise operable disease and were suggested only by the computed tomographic scan. Patients with mediastinal nodes less than 1.0 cm probably do not need preresection mediastinal exploration. Those with nodes larger than 2.0 cm should not be considered unresectable without pathologic confirmation, even in large tumors, in view of the 30.4% negativity rate. The computed tomographic scan is useful in depicting and localizing enlarged mediastinal nodes but cannot be used as a substitute for pathologic examination.
 ...
PMID:Prospective computed tomographic scanning in the staging of bronchogenic cancer. 336 35

Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in the serum and pleural effusion in malignancies (65) and benign (25) of lung were determined. There are 20 cases of adenocarcinoma, 16 undifferentiated carcinoma, 7 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 alveolar carcinoma, 12 unclassified carcinoma, 1 polymorphous adenoma, 1 mesothelioma, 1 thymoma, 1 metastatic cancer from kidney and 2 metastatic breast cancer. In the benign lesions, there are 20 tuberculosis, 2 heart failure, 1 pneumonia, 1 empyema and 1 cirrhosis. The mean of the CEA level in the serum of lung cancer group was 12.63 ng/ml as compared with that of the tuberculosis group, 3.01 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). The level of CEA in pleural fluid in the lung cancer group was 57.30 ng/ml as compared with that of tuberculosis group, 5.55 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). The content of CEA in the serum and pleural fluid in lung cancer group was remarkably different (P less than 0.01). CEA level in the serum of adenocarcinoma is the highest (mean 15.51 ng/ml). If we set 5 ng/ml as the margin of normal CEA level in serum, the positive rate for cancer would be 54.2%. It is suggested that the margin of CEA normal value be set at 10 ng/ml for the pleural fluid. Higher readings may imply cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen assay in serum and pleural effusion of pulmonary malignancies and benign lesions]. 358 9

The total serum sialic acid concentration was determined in 2,264 persons with various malignant tumors, bacterial infections, rheumatic diseases, and chronic liver diseases, and in a control group. The thiobarbiturate method according to Warren was used. The upper limit (95% percentile) in the control group was 2.23 mumol/ml. Higher values were found in the groups with neoplasms (mean: 3.04 mumol/ml), inflammatory diseases (e.g., pneumonia: 3.02 mumol/ml), and active rheumatoid arthritis (3.05 mumol/ml). In the group with malignant diseases, the sialic acid concentration at the time of diagnosis was highest for bronchial carcinoma (3.29 mumol/ml) and lowest for breast cancer (2.58 mumol/ml). In chronic liver diseases the mean sialic acid level was lower than in a heterogeneous group of noninflammatory and nonneoplastic diseases. The estimation of the serum sialic acid concentration could be useful in the detection of tumor burden and metastases, and in the evaluation of the later course and prognosis of malignant neoplasms if bacterial/inflammatory and active rheumatoid processes can be excluded.
 ...
PMID:Serum sialic acid in malignant tumors, bacterial infections, and chronic liver diseases. 387 78

We have treated 15 patients with advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma with a cyclical regimen of combined Ftorafur (N1-((2-furanidyl-))-5-Fluorouracil, a 5-FU pro-drug) and external beam radiation. The Ftorafur (FT) was administered orally in daily doses of between 1.0 and 2.5 g/m2/day in 3 divided doses in a Phase I format. The drug was given daily for 5 days along with conventional X ray treatment portals and daily radiation doses of 250 rad on each of the first 4 days of each treatment cycle. The patients were then rested for a minimum of 10 days or until all significant side effects had passed. The total number of 1,000 rad cycles and radiation dose were dictated by tolerance and by normal organ dose limitations. The most common toxicity in general, and the most common limiting toxicity was nausea and vomiting, in contrast to oral FT alone where diarrhea is more prominent. Stomatitis was seen only once and no other form of serious toxicity was encountered. Two-thirds of the patients responded in subjective terms (pain relief). There was 1 partial response to FT alone (pulmonary metastases outside the treatment field). The sole patient whose treatment field was outside the abdomen (chest portals for esophageal carcinoma) developed pneumonitis which contributed to his death. No other delayed effects were noted. Serum FT levels were related to the ingested dose and in the microgram range while serum 5-FU levels were in the nanogram range indicating slow decomposition of FT into 5-FU. The therapy was reasonably well tolerated at doses of 2.0 g/m2/day or lower with abdominal radiation. FT offers the potential for replacing intra-venous infused 5-FU as a clinical radiosensitizer.
 ...
PMID:Phase I and pharmacologic study of oral ftorafur and X ray therapy in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. 391 71

One hundred and thirty-eight patients with inoperable non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma, Stage III, have been treated with systemic radiation and radical radiotherapy by a split-course technique. Systemic radiation has been used as an adjuvant therapy to deal with micrometastases or subclinical disease. A historical comparison has been made with a similar group of patients treated radically by split-course radiotherapy alone. It is shown that the incidence of distant metastases has decreased and the disease-free survival rate has improved. There were 26% of patients who survived 4 years disease-free, as compared with 7% in the group where no systemic radiation therapy was given. In view of a higher incidence of brain metastases and radiation pneumonitis, the technique and dosage of systemic radiation therapy have been modified.
 ...
PMID:Systemic radiation and split-course radiotherapy for non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma. 395 94

During the period 1975 to 1984, a histopathologic diagnosis of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma was made in 38 dogs at Angell Memorial Animal Hospital. The diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory thoracotomy in 16 cases and at necropsy in 22 cases. At the time of exploratory thoracotomy, 7 dogs were euthanatized because of nonresectability of the primary tumor and/or gross metastatic disease. In 9 dogs, the tumor was resected by removing part of the right atrium. Complications included atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and pneumonia. Prolonged and multiple hospitalizations were a common feature of the postoperative period. Adjuvant therapy was not utilized in any case. The mean survival time was 4 months (2 days to 8 months).
 ...
PMID:Cardiac hemangiosarcoma in the dog: a review of 38 cases. 405 16

37 patients with histologically verified inoperable small-cell bronchial carcinomas were treated with local tumor irradiation (40 Gy), combined with upper and lower half-body irradiation. Continuous analysis of the treatment results led to modification of therapy, from which two groups of patients resulted. In group I the whole-body treatment consisted of an irradiation of the upper, and six weeks later, of the lower half of the body with a dose of 8.8 Gy. In group 2 the half-body dose of 8.8 Gy was applied in 2 fractions on the same day (6.0 Gy, break of 5 hours, 2.0 Gy). The critical organ was the lung: the pneumonitis rate and the effect on tumor and metastases and survival times are reported.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of inoperable small-cell bronchial carcinoma with local radiotherapy and supplementary high-dosage one-time upper and lower half-body irradiation]. 608 68

Five children with intrathoracic metastases from Wilms tumor are presented. In two patients pneumothoraces developed, and in one patient pneumonitis developed secondary to a primary intrabronchial metastasis. Two other patients had paraspinal widening from metastases to paraaortic or posterior mediastinal lymph nodes. These are extremely rare complications of metastatic Wilms tumor.
 ...
PMID:Unusual intrathoracic complications in Wilms tumor. 624 3

Twenty-two patients suffering from oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus were treated by various forms of wide field radiation. Ten patients were treated with high dose upper half body radiation, followed by lower half body radiation and radiation to the primary. Four patients were given high dose half body radiation for metastases. Two patients received low dose total body radiation after radiotherapy to the primary. Two patients received fractionated total body radiation for metastatic disease. The median survival was 20 weeks for all cases. For those receiving radical therapy, the median survival was 22 weeks. The median survival was 10 weeks in those cases treated for metastatic disease. Major toxicity included dryness of the mouth in one case, anaemia, acute pulmonary distress following high dose upper half body radiation and acute radiation pneumonitis. There was inadequate local control in nine cases which could be improved by increasing the radiation dose to the primary. High dose half body radiation may well delay the onset of metastases. Low dose total body radiation has some palliative effect.
 ...
PMID:Results of a pilot study of wide field radiotherapy in the treatment of oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus. 626 Apr 21

Pathologic abnormalities on frontal chest radiographs are often located solely or partially in the retrocardiac region. It is essential to include a look behind the heart when viewing the frontal x-ray. Cases of pneumonia, metastases, and posterior mediastinal mass, all of which would have been missed without a look behind the heart, are used to illustrate this precept.
 ...
PMID:A helpful hint for chest radiology: "look behind the heart". 629 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>