Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A chromophobic pituitary adenoma induced on BD IX-rats has been grafted on animals of the same strain. The transplanted tumour takes in 90-100%; it grows at a slow rate (in 7 months after grafting a weight of 7-20 g is attained). Tumour-bearing animals display gigantism and hypertrophy of adrenals; moreover, in 33% of cases, diabetes is observed. With non-diabetic animals, splenomegaly and marked leukocytosis are observed; immature white and red cells are present in the peripheral blood. Spontaneous regression of the tumour never occurs. After surgical removal, tumour regrowth and the formation of metastases are observed. Diabetes is characterised by pronounced hyperglycaemia, glucosuria, polyphagia and polydipsia. Histochemically, insulin cannot be detected in pancreas. Splenomegaly is never observed in diabetic animals. Transplanted adenoma frequently tends to stop growing. No recurrence is observable after extirpation. Spontaneous regression of the tumour sometimes occurs. Gigantism, hypertrophy of adrenals and diabetes are considered as consequences of growth hormone- and ACTH-secretion of the transplanted adenoma. At present the tumour is running in the 8th passage. It did not change its characteristics over a period of 5 years.
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PMID:Transplantable, STH-producing and diabetogenic pituitary adenoma of the BD IX-strain of rats. 17 13

A fibrosarcoma developed in the pituitary fossa of a patient who had been irradiated 13 years previously for treatment of pituitary adenoma. The tumor was a large aggressively growing spindle cell neoplasm which eroded adjacent structures, causing increased intracranial pressure, and eventual cerebellar tonsillar herniation. In common with previously described post-irradiation sarcoma of the pituitary, this lesion developed in the path of irradiation after a long latent period, did not metastasize, and contained histologically recognizable benign appearing pituitary adenoma interspersed among the spindle cell tumor. The dose of radiation (5000 rads) also lay within the range associated with sarcomatous transformation.
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PMID:Post-irradiation pituitary sarcoma. 89 41

Malignant tumors of the pituitary gland may mimic pituitary adenomas both in clinical presentation and in imaging, and often present with neurologic findings including visual field loss and extraocular movement palsies. We describe a 58-year-old woman without known malignancy who presented with extraocular movement weakness, loss of facial sensation, and a sellar plasmacytoma; a 49-year-old woman with oculomotor palsy, no known malignancy, and rapidly failing vision who had metastatic lung carcinoma; and a 70-year-old woman with metastatic breast carcinoma who presented with rapidly failing vision and a metastasis to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. These cases illustrate several important features of malignancy in the pituitary fossa: that it can mimic a "nonfunctioning" pituitary adenoma in clinical presentation and imaging; that rapidly progressive visual loss, extraocular movement palsies, or facial sensory loss may help to distinguish it from a benign adenoma; and that when the pathologist evaluates an alleged "nonsecretory" or "nonfunctional" adenoma, metastases should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Malignant tumors in the pituitary gland. 158 Aug 20

Brain tumor growth results from the relative proportion of cells contained in three populations: a) cycling/proliferative; b) quiescent (GO)/static, and c) terminally differentiated/dying. The cycling compartment can be detected by the mouse monoclonal Ki-67 antibody, an available, rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific method for immunostaining of proliferative cells. We report the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in 48 brain tumors. Malignant brain tumors have elevated LIs, ranging from 6.0% to 56.9%: anaplastic astrocytoma, 8.0 +/- 7.3; glioblastoma multiforme, 10.1 +/- 4.2; germinoma, 11.7; medulloblastoma, 13.1 +/- 6.6; metastases, 40.3 +/- 13.1. By contrast, slow-growing tumors showed lower values (P less than .001), approaching 1%: acoustic schwannoma, 0.4 +/- 0.6; pituitary adenoma, 1.3 +/- 1.9; meningioma, 1.2 +/- 1.2; low-grade astrocytoma, less than 1; pilocytic astrocytoma, 5.6. Human brain tumors can therefore be ranked according to the percentage of cycling cells with the acoustic schwannoma among the least proliferative and the metastatic carcinoma among the most proliferative. Within a given histotype, the Ki-67 LI may have prognostic and therapeutic implications for the individual patient. Already important for neuro-oncology research, the Ki-67 labeling index should be added to the armamentarium of the clinical neuropathologist to complement the standard histopathologic diagnosis with a cytokinetic analysis of cellular proliferation.
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PMID:The cycling pool of cells within human brain tumors: in situ cytokinetics using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. 164 10

A 35-year male patient with clinical and biochemical manifestations of severe hypercorticism was thought to have Cushing's syndrome of pituitary origin. However, the surgically removed pituitary adenoma was not confirmed by pathological examination. There was no improvement after transsphenoidal microsurgery Chest CT scan showed a small mass located at the upper-lobe of the right lung. This tumor (1.8 x 1.0 x 1.0 cm) was removed and one course of radiotherapy with linear accelerator was given. Remission was achieved clinically and biochemically after these therapies. The diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid was confirmed by pathological findings. Metastasis of a lymph node was also proved. The tumor cells was found to contain ACTH and related peptides with radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Gel filtration of the tumor extracts showed molecular heterogeniety of ACTH related peptides and that the big-form were in large percentage.
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PMID:[Ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by bronchial carcinoid]. 256 Oct 95

Four patients with metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland are presented. Two of these patients had no previous history of malignancy and, based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation, a preoperative diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was made. In one patient, the histological diagnosis of two consecutive tumour specimens, obtained 1 year apart, was pituitary adenoma. The correct diagnosis of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma was not ascertained until autopsy. In the second patient, a diffusely infiltrating breast carcinoma was diagnosed by mammography and confirmed by biopsy, after pathological examination of the sellar tumour revealed carcinoma. The third patient underwent mastectomy 3 years earlier for breast carcinoma and had known metastatic disease. The fourth patient had known metastatic endometrial carcinoma when she became symptomatic from a pituitary metastasis. The incidence, clinical features, and pathophysiology of metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland are discussed.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland. 278 15

Eleven patients with intracranial tumors were investigated with MR imaging at different dose levels of gadolinium-DTPA to determine a safe and effective dose for imaging intracranial tumors. The patients were divided into two groups. Baseline spin-echo images were obtained with a repetition time of 800 msec and an echo time of 35 msec, and a total of 0.1 mmol of gadolinium-DTPA/kg (six patients) or 0.2 mmol gadolinium-DTPA/kg (five patients) was injected according to a fractionated incremental dose regime (0.025, 0.025, and 0.05 mmol/kg and 0.05, 0.05, and 0.1 mmol/kg, respectively). Postcontrast MR was performed after each injection. In group 1 the best visualization was achieved after the third injection in four cases. In one glioblastoma and in a pituitary adenoma tumor margins were well defined at lower dose levels. In group 2, with five patients, the total dose of 0.2 mmol of gadolinium-DTPA/kg (0.05, 0.05, and 0.1) significantly improved tumor visualization after the third injection in only one patient with multiple metastases. No short-term side effects were encountered. In a range of parameters measured in both serum and whole blood, slight transient elevation of serum iron levels was the only appreciable change. As a result of our investigation we conclude that 0.1 mmol of gadolinium-DTPA/kg is a safe and suitable dose for brain-tumor imaging. In selected cases of 0.2 mmol/kg may increase the diagnostic yield.
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PMID:Dose administration of gadolinium-DTPA in MR imaging of intracranial tumors. 282 88

The authors present two patients with symptomatic carcinomas which have metastasized to pituitary adenomas. Despite the advanced age of these patients, the preoperative clinical and radiologic evaluations were consistent with pituitary adenoma. There was no previous history of malignancy in either patient, and the symptomatic pituitary metastases were responsible for the initial presentations. A review of the literature is presented with emphasis on the incidence and possible factors responsible for tumors metastasizing to distant neoplasms.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma to pituitary adenoma. Report of two cases. 317 39

In this paper, 374 cases of intracranial tumor were studied retrospectively. The incidence of glioma (45.6%) was the highest, next was meningioma (19%) and pituitary tumor (12.3%). Astrocytoma comprised 73.5% of glioma. 75% of medulloblastoma and 54% of ependymoma occurred under 20 years of age, whereas 71.8% of meningioma, 44% of astrocytoma and 47.4% of metastatic tumor occurred between 21 to 50. The ratio of male and female was 1.69:1 except 0.8:1 of meningioma. 73.8% of all the lesions was located above the tentorium of cerebellum, the rest under it. Ninety one cases were followed. The 5 year survival rate was 25.3% (23/91). According to Kernohan's classification, the authors believe that astrocytoma can be divided into four grades, which is of great use in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. The other gliomas are only divided into benign and malignant. The results of surgery are related to tumor type and differentiation. Pituitary adenoma, meningioma, neurilemmoma and astrocytoma grades I and II have a good result by operation, while medulloblastoma, astrocytoma grades III and IV and metastatic cancer have a higher mortality.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic study of 374 cases of intracranial tumors]. 344 63

One hundred ninety-eight surgically explored pituitary adenomas were evaluated preoperatively by high-resolution computed tomography (CT). At surgery, evidence of direct cavernous sinus invasion was demonstrated in 19. CT findings in these cases included cavernous sinus expansion (17 patients) and visible encasement of the internal carotid artery (14 patients). The invasive tumor often enhanced to a lesser degree than the cavernous sinuses and ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Intracavernous cranial nerve compression, obliteration, or displacement (14 patients), invasion of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus (seven patients), and diffuse bone destruction (seven cases) were other findings. Magnetic resonance imaging in three patients provided excellent demonstration of intracavernous internal carotid artery encasement, but displacement and obliteration of intracavernous cranial nerves was not shown as well as it was with CT. Histologically, only three patients showed anaplastic features and only one of them had distant metastases. There was no correlation between histologic features, hormone assays, and invasiveness. This experience indicates any type of pituitary adenoma, regardless of its endocrinologic activity, can invade the cavernous sinus. Cavernous sinus involvement makes complete surgical removal difficult. Preoperative recognition of invasive behavior of these tumors has prognostic value and aids in designing appropriate management. CT is the most useful technique generally available for evaluation and follow-up.
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PMID:Cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenomas. 348 72


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