Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) isolated from metastases of colon adenocarcinoma was subjected to deglycosylation with liquid hydrogen fluoride. The protein fraction obtained (PF CEA) was used for to prepare monospecific antiserum to PF CEA. Comparative studies of CEA, PF CEA, and non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA-1) have been carried out using monospecific antisera. Circular dichroism spectra of CEA and PF CEA have been studied. The data obtained suggest that some immunodominant regions of CEA are topographic, and their formation needs a specific conformation of the macromolecule, which is stabilized by the sugar moiety.
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PMID:[Role of a carbohydrate component in the formation of immunochemical determinants of carcinoembryonic antigen]. 241 66

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels have been assessed retrospectively in a group of 32 patients with inoperable or recurrent carcinoma of the rectum treated with radiotherapy. Complete clinical regression of pelvic disease was only achieved in patients with pre-treatment CEA levels less than 30 ng/ml when no metastases were present. Pre-treatment CEA assay has a place as a prognostic indicator in the radiotherapeutic management of inoperable or recurrent carcinoma of the rectum.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen as a prognostic indicator in the radiotherapeutic management of rectal cancer. 243 61

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein that has been useful as a tumor marker to predict recurrence in gastrointestinal malignancies, but whose biological function has not been elucidated. With the recent evidence that CEA is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, CEA may be involved in intercellular recognition and binding. This review examines the role that CEA plays in the development of metastases by colorectal carcinoma.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1989 Dec
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen: function in metastasis by human colorectal carcinoma. 269 74

The heterogeneous nature of tumour antigen expression may require selection of monoclonal antibodies on an individual patient or tumour basis to allow adequate tumour localisation. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) expression has not previously been compared in colorectal cancer patients. Sections of cancer (n = 52), adjacent normal colon (n = 45), synchronous adenomas (n = 11) and nodal metastases (n = 49) were examined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining in 51 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer using monoclonal antibodies to CEA and EMA. The percentage of cells with positive staining in the primary tumours was graded 1: less than 25%, 2: 25-49%, 3: 50-75%, 4 greater than 75%. All primary colorectal cancers expressed CEA and 43 of 52 expressed EMA (83%). Grading showed CEA greater than EMA in 39, equal in 11 and less in two. Well differentiated cancers were more frequently graded three or four for CEA staining (23 of 27) than moderately differentiated cancers (11 of 22) (p less than 0.01). Equivalent figures for EMA were four of 27 and three of 22 (not significant) (NS) although the majority (86%) were graded 1 and 2. Grade 1 CEA expression was found in six of 15 proximal and only two of 37 distal lesions (p less than 0.01, chi 2 test) while for EMA equivalent figures were three of 15 and six of 37 (NS). Nodal deposits all expressed CEA and 45 of 49 expressed EMA (92%); 29 of 45 normal colon sections showed CEA expression (64%) as did all adenomas. EMA was not expressed by normal colon or adenomas. These results suggest that EMA expression is more specific but less sensitive than CEA for colonic cancer and is independent of tumour differentiation and site. Thus selecting monoclonal antibodies to CEA or EMA based on tumour biopsies may allow improved tumour localisation for imaging or therapy in patents with colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Comparative study of carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen expression in normal colon, adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum. 280 95

We assayed serum levels of certain enzymes and tumor markers in patients after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment. Twenty patients had hepatocellular carcinoma and two patients had metastases to the liver from colon cancer. Assays were first done immediately after TAE and were continued for the next 12 days. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT; EC 2.6.1.1, L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6.1.2, L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) peaked 24 to 48 h after TAE and returned to the base lines in 7 to 10 days. Mitochondrial GOT (mGOT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; EC 1.4.1.2, L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) also peaked at the same time after TAE. alpha-Fetoprotein peaked 2 h after TAE and decreased to half of the baseline on day 7. Carcinoembryonic antigen peaked at 24 h and fell at 48 h only in the patients with colon cancer. The total amount of cytosolic GOT, GPT, mGOT, and GLDH released was correlated to the volume of the necrotic mass estimated by computed tomography scans. The correlation coefficients for mGOT and GLDH were r = 0.919 and r = 0.939 (both p less than 0.001), respectively. Assays of mGOT and GLDH may be useful to estimate the volume of the necrotic mass of a hepatoma or metastatic carcinoma in the liver.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activity after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatic neoplasm. 283 50

Between April 1979 and March 1987 24 patients underwent 26 hepatic resections. Colorectal liver metastases constituted the largest group (n = 18), followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2), Echinococcal liver cyst (n = 1), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1), and leiomyosarcoma (n = 1). The mean age was 41.8 +/- 14.6 years (range: 23-69 years). Fifteen women and nine men comprised the group. The operative morbidity was 21 per cent, the 30-day operative mortality was 8 per cent (two deaths). Both operative deaths occurred in patients with colorectal liver metastases. The 18 patients with colorectal liver metastases included ten women and eight men. The mean age was 59.1 +/- 6.5 years (range: 46-69 years). There were seven synchronous and 11 metachronous liver metastases. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was found elevated in 14 of the original primary colonic carcinomas, and in all but one patient with metachronous liver metastases. The mean time from colorectal carcinoma resection to occurrence of metachronous metastases was 17.1 +/- 5.8 months. To date, 10 patients have had recurrences of liver metastases after hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. The mean time of recurrence was 12.6 +/- 11.9 months. The size of the metastases was 3.8 +/- 3.2 cm (range: 0.2-17 cm). The mean number of lesions present was 1.5 +/- 1.0. The 1 year and 2 year actuarial survival rates were 87.5 and 43.8 per cent respectively. The longest survivor is alive 54 months after his hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases and remains to this date disease free.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatic resections: an eight year experience at a community hospital. 283 15

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values in 529 patients treated in two consecutive adjuvant chemotherapy protocols were analyzed to determine if CEA values correlated with disease-free status or prognostic utility. CEA values were evaluated preoperatively, before chemotherapy, at the conclusion of chemotherapy, and during postchemotherapy followup. The sensitivity of CEA for predicting disease recurrence was low; however, any abnormal CEA at the conclusion of chemotherapy and during followup significantly correlated with reduced disease-free and overall survival. A CEA value greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml at the end of chemotherapy or during followup was highly specific and a strongly positive predictor for the presence of metastases. Abnormal CEA values before chemotherapy that became normal at the conclusion of chemotherapy were associated with a significantly reduced recurrence rate. An abnormal CEA value obtained before or after adjuvant chemotherapy is clinically useful and can provide prognostic information.
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PMID:The role of serum CEA as a prognostic indicator in stage II and III breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. 291 90

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is still the best marker both for primary diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer. Monoclonal antibodies, especially CA 19-9 and CA 50 may give additional information whereas CA 125 seems to be of no value in patients with colorectal cancer. The sensitivity of CEA determination for Dukes' A carcinomas is as low as 30%, but increases to 85% for Dukes' D carcinomas. The best clinical benefit of CEA is in postoperative monitoring of surgically treated patients with colorectal cancer. The sensitivity and specificity for distant metastases are 85%. The sensitivity in the detection of local recurrence is low (40%) but the specificity is still high (80%). A high CEA level postoperatively strongly suggests either local recurrence or disseminated disease, but a negative value does not exclude their presence. If CEA is negative both preoperatively and one month postoperatively, CA 19-9 or CA 50 may be used in the monitoring of these patients.
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PMID:Tumour markers in colorectal cancer. 320 Nov 59

Carcinoembryonic antigen was studied in 241 controls--patients with different diseases, 121 cases of intestinal polyp, 69 cases of large bowel carcinoma, 28 cases of stomach cancer and 65 patients with malignancies at other sites (total-524). Significantly high levels were found in large bowel and stomach cancer as well as cases of extensive tumor growth, relapse or metastases.
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PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of the large intestine]. 407 82

Carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) estimation has been used in the preoperative assessment of colorectal carcinoma patients and has been shown to give a useful guide to the presence of metastatic disease and ultimately to a poor prognosis if the serum concentration is 100 ng/ml or more. C.E.A. has been shown to be a more reliable index of tumour spread than either clinical examination or serum alkaline phosphatase estimation. Raised C.E.A. levels of less than 100 ng/ml do not, however, necessarily imply a poor prognosis. Routine C.E.A. estimation may have a valuable role in the assessment of the colorectal cancer patient by identifying those likely to benefit from postoperative chemotherapy.The test has also been assessed in a group of patients attending cancer follow-up clinics after radical resection of a colorectal tumour. Raised C.E.A. occurred in most of those developing recurrent disease, and in several patients a rising C.E.A. level preceded clinical or biochemical evidence of recurrence. C.E.A. estimation is a superior guide and of clinical importance when applied to the follow-up of the colorectal cancer patient.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in management of colorectal carcinoma. 442 72


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